2. UNESCO Office Jakarta - Water Sciences Unit Jakarta ‐ 25 April 2011
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INDEX
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 3
INTRODUCTION 4
THE CONTEXT FOR LEARNING ALLIANCE DEVELOPMENT 4
MEETING PARTICIPANTS 5
THE ROLE OF UNESCO 6
LEARNING ALLIANCE INITIATION PROCESS 6
LEARNING ALLIANCE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS 6
INCEPTION MEETING SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 7
MEETING AGENDA 7
LEARNING ALLIANCE APPROACH AND SWITCH CITARUM PROJECT PRESENTATIONS 8
LEARNING ALLIANCE AND SWITCH CITARUM PROJECT QUESTION SESSION 9
STAKEHOLDERS’ FAMILIARIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAPACITIES AND
RESOURCES 12
PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES IN THE WATER SECTOR 18
CITARUM LEARNING ALLIANCE ACTIVITIES 19
LEARNING ALLIANCE WORKING PLAN MAY‐DECEMBER 2011 20
ANNEX 1 22
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
APCE Asia‐Pacific Centre for Ecohydrology
BAPPENAS National Development Planning Agency
BPLHD West Java Environmental Management Office
CKNet – INA Collaborative Knowledge Network Indonesai
ITB Bandung Institute of Technology
LIPI Indonesian Institute of Sciences
PU Ministry of Public Works
PUSKIM Research Institute for Human Settlements
WPL Warga Peduli Lingkungan
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Introduction
The Citarum Learning Alliance inception meeting took place on the 20th
of April 2011, in
the framework of the SWITCH‐in‐Asia Programme, an action research and
demonstration programme that addresses the challenges faced by cities, towns and
villages in providing efficient, safe and sustainable water and sanitation services for
people, while preserving water and environmental resources. Relevant actors of the
water sector were invited to form a multi‐stakeholder partnerships aimed at promoting
the effective communication of research activities and the scaling‐up of research
impacts in the field of water management in the Citarum River Basin and discuss the
development of the SWITCH‐in‐Asia Citarum project. In particular the meeting was held
as a follow‐up of the meeting held on the 15th
of March 2011 in Bandung at the Faculty
of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the Bandung Institute of Technology and
attended by representatives of LIPI, PUSKIM, WPL and ITB.
The context for learning alliance development
Each learning alliance operates within a specific context. Such context is made of
historical, cultural, demographic, institutional, infrastructural, economic and political
aspects. Here we provide a synthetic overview of the salient aspects related to the
water sector in the Citarum area. The Citarum river basin is one of most strategic river
basin in Indonesia, with a population of more then 10 million living along the basin, 50%
in urban areas, and with a served population around 25 million. The River is the largest
and longest in West Java, with a length of 270km and a total drainage area of 6,600 km2
.
The basin covers 12 administrative regions and is characterized by poor levels of access
and service quality of water supply and sanitation. In this regard bottled water is often
the most reliable, but also most expensive, source of drinking water for the population.
Moreover, the use of bottled water contributes to the issues related to solid waste
management, which are extremely problematic in the Citarum area. In several areas of
the basin, due to insufficient regulation and scarce law enforcement groundwater
extraction is used extensively and without controls resulting in water quality and
environmental issues. The management of water resources in the area is administered
under the general national water and sanitation regulatory framework characterized by
responsibilities shared among multiple ministries and agencies (i.e. Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Public Works and National Development Planning
Agency). Despite recent attempts for improvement the basin institutional framework
appear fragmented and characterized by inefficient degree of coordination.
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Meeting Participants
In the organization of the meeting the UNESCO office made a preliminary mapping and
selection of the stakeholders involved in the water sector in the Citarum river area.
Such mapping and selection were carried out according to the indication of the
participants of the meeting held on the 15th
of March in Bandung and according to the
Water Sciences Unit experience in the field and in the development of the SWITCH‐in‐
Asia Citarum project. The process lead to the individuation of several stakeholders
coming from different sectors: Governmental sector, Research sector, Academic sector
and Non governmental sector. The contact with the stakeholders started with email
containing a preliminary meeting agenda and a short contextualization of the SWITCH‐
in‐Asia Programme and SWITCH‐in‐Asia Learning Alliance concept.
Finally the meeting was attended by 11 people representing 9 different institutions and
by 2 UNESCO’s representatives (Pic. 1 and Annex 1).
Pic. 1. Meeting Participants
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The role of UNESCO
UNESCO undertakes a facilitating and catalyzing role for the Learning Alliance. The
rationale behind this role is that multi‐stakeholder learning processes usually do not
begin spontaneously, but through the action or one or more dedicated actors that assist
beginning of the process and operate to catch the interest of key stakeholders.
Indeed for a learning alliance to be operative, especially at an early stage, it is necessary
to implement a facilitation process that consists of several critical functions:
development of a preliminary stakeholders’ identification and mobilization; provision of
methodological guidance shaped according to the needs of the stakeholders and to the
local context; empowerment of the stakeholders so that the processes of critical
analysis and guidance of the Alliance activities can be undertaken by the stakeholders
themselves with the least possible supervisory action; finally, provide a third party that
can deal with conflict management issues between the stakeholders.
Learning alliance initiation process
Usually, at the first stage of a learning alliance, stakeholders are either brought together
around a common specific issue that they want to analyse and tackle or they meet and
subsequently define their common central problem. These processes, however, can
happen almost simultaneously. In fact some stakeholders might participate to the
starting up of the alliance with a clear idea of a common issue, while others might take
part without such a clear idea of a central problem, which is then defined the
stakeholders’ meeting. Therefore it is complex and not easy to define if a learning
alliance is problem‐initiated or stakeholder‐initiated. In the case of the Citarum Learning
Alliance the stakeholder meet with the SWITCH‐in‐Asia Citarum project as a common
point of interest, but without a specific common shared problem already identified.
Thus, the project represents a common starting point for the activity of the Alliance,
which can be considered project‐initiated.
Learning alliance process characteristics
The organization of the meeting and the processes adopted were based on previous
experiences in the development of Learning Alliances, mainly in the framework of the
SWITCH programme, co‐funded by the European Union, and implemented between
2006 and 2010. The lesson learnt from these experiences is that, in the early stages,
learning alliances might not be completely structured in terms of vision, activities, and
resources. Usually a strategic plan can’t be elaborated from the very beginning of the
learning alliance development process, and also the allocation of resources and the
specific tasks of the members of the Alliance are can’t be clearly defined.
These issues are usually unavoidable because of the inner nature of the demand‐led
multi stakeholders processes, which include and involve representatives from a very
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diverse background and characteristics; however, for the multi‐stakeholder process to
be a rich and effective it is vital for the learning alliance members to be engaged in
processes that will lead to the identification of vision, objectives, joint activities and
general modus operandi. Moreover the stakeholders have to be active in monitoring the
progresses of the alliance to evaluating the processes in which the alliance and its
activities are organized and implemented.
Inception meeting specific objectives
The inception meeting was developed to provide the first collective opportunity for the
participants to familiarize with the Learning Alliance approach and its underpinning
concepts. Furthermore the meeting aimed to provide a space for feedbacks on the local
SWITCH Citarum project in the Dara Ulin and Mahmud Oxbows. The third objective of
the meeting was to provide a space for the stakeholders to familiarize between each
other and to identify their capacities and resources as well producing a preliminary
screening of the problems/challenges of research in the water sector in the Citarum
basin. Then the meeting aimed at defining in which processes the stakeholders wanted
to engage themselves, and which actions can be developed in the future; in this regard
another activity implemented during the meeting was the drafting of a short term work‐
plan aimed to further develop the Alliance. Finally the meeting also aimed to select and
endorse a small supporting management team, who together will be in charge of taking
action points forward and coordinate the future activities.
Meeting agenda
9:30 – 10:00 Presentation of participants (organization main activities)
10:00 – 10:30 Introduction to the Learning Alliance (LA) approach
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break
11:00 – 12:30 Socialization of the SWITCH Citarum project activities
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch Break
13:30 – 15:00 Identification of objectives and possible joint activities of the LA
15:00 – 15:30 Selection of Learning Alliance coordination team
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Learning Alliance and SWITCH Citarum project question session
During the question time after the introduction to the Learning Alliance (LA) approach
and during the socialization of the SWITCH Citarum project several questions and
comments (Q) were raised to which the facilitators provided answers (A) as follows.
Q ‐ Mr. Jan T. L. Yap (CKNet ‐ INA): To what field is LA currently applied?
A ‐ Mr. Marco Bonetti (UNESCO): LA approach is applied with different connotations in
different fields like education, public health and business. However our main reference
and inspiration come from the experience of the city based learning alliances that work
in filed of urban water management under the framework of the SWITCH programme
co‐funded by the EU, which ended in December 2010.
Q ‐ Mr. Jan T. L. Yap (CKNet ‐ INA): In the water sector is the LA approach applicable
only in the context of urban management?
A ‐ Mr. Marco Bonetti (UNESCO): The LA approach made of flexibility one of its main
qualities. In fact it focuses on the processes more than on specific outcomes; therefore
it can be adapted and then used in different specific fields of the water sector according
to the directions and objectives of the stakeholders.
Q ‐ Mr. Heru Santoso (APCE / LIPI): It’s the first time that I’m in contact with the LA
approach. It looks very promising especially considering the importance of cooperation
in this sector and in this country. Is the approach also related to achieving changes in
terms of decision‐making behaviours?
A ‐ Mr. Marco Bonetti (UNESCO): Coordination is a key factor. In fact, the approach is
based on the need to provide a momentum to the diffusion of innovation processes and
scaling‐up of research through synergies between research users and research
generators. Such innovation processes, which the learning alliances deal with, are
definitely including the promotion of actions towards decision‐making actors.
Q ‐ Mr. Heru Santoso (APCE / LIPI): What is the relationship between the Learning
Alliance and the SWITCH project?
A ‐ Mr. Marco Bonetti (UNESCO): The SWITCH project, first of all, represents an
opportunity for the Learning Alliance. Both are part of the SWITCH‐in‐Asia Programme’s
strategy, and the SWITCH project can represent a common ground in which the Learning
Alliance stakeholders can start joint activities and reflexion. On the other hand the
activities of the Learning Alliance don’t have to focus exclusively on the project
Q ‐ Mr. Heru Santoso (APCE / LIPI): What about the LA in other countries?
A ‐ Mr. Marco Bonetti (UNESCO): In the other countries which are part of the SWITCH‐
in‐Asia Programme the UNESCO Office Jakarta is using the same approach promoting
the creation of LAs in combination with the development of the local SWITCH projects.
Once established in different countries the Learning Alliances will operate as a regional
network.
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Q ‐ Mr. Eka Jatnika Sundana (BPLHD): What is the current stage of the project
development? When it is expected to be implemented and how long will
implementation phase last for?
A ‐ Mr. Jose Miguel Ruiz Verona (UNESCO): A final draft of the project proposal is ready.
The final draft is available for the stakeholders and is still open for their observations. In
this regard, the discussion of the project is also one of the “activities” to be
implemented under a Learning Alliance perspective. Currently the proposal is being
translated in Indonesian and it’s in the process of being included in the BAPPENAS Blue‐
book and in the Citarum Roadmap. As soon as the project will be included in the
BAPPENAS Blue‐book it will have access to funding from donors. We expect, according
to the availability of funding, to start the implementation phase during the next year.
The project expected duration is 3 years.
Q ‐ Mr. Eka Jatnika Sundana (BPLHD): The West Java Environmental Management Office
has a relevant amount of data produced by consultants working in some of the Citarum
oxbows. If requested these information can be made available for the project.
A ‐ Mr. Jose Miguel Ruiz Verona (UNESCO): The access to the The West Java
Environmental Management Office data can be very useful both to improve the draft
proposal and to provide baseline information for the research that will be implemented
under the project framework
Q ‐ MS. Adhi Yudha Mulia (PUSKIM): The typology of intervention and in particular the
decision about developing a constructed wetland system should be carefully evaluated
by studying Oxbows' hydrological system to avoid problems.
A ‐ Mr. Jose Miguel Ruiz Verona (UNESCO): The knowledge of the Oxbows' hydrological
system is definitely one of the main components of the project. In fact the project aims
to develop research activities to create knowledge for the implementation of
appropriate technologies.
Q ‐ Ms. Tirta Sutedjo (Directorate of Water Resources and Irrigation): Is there any need
for population re‐settlement, which usually is a long and costly process, especially for
what concerns the creation of wetlands?
A ‐ Mr. Jose Miguel Ruiz Verona (UNESCO): We don’t expect the need for re‐settlement.
Nonetheless part of the project itself is to conduct studies to understand what kind of
intervention and technology will be used in the area.
A ‐ Ms. Reliana L. Toruan (Research Center for Limnology – LIPI): As the choice of most
suitable technologies is yet to be done, is not possible to be sure about the need for re‐
settlement. The choice should take into account the consequences of selecting a specific
technology, including the need for re‐settlement.
A ‐ Mr. Marco Bonetti (UNESCO): In fact when we talk about “most suitable
technologies” we mean suitable in terms of technical aspects, but also suitable from a
social point of view.
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Stakeholders’ familiarization and identification of capacities and resources
Each representative of the organization that attended the meeting was invited to give a definition of “who we are” and “what capacity do we
have”1
.
Organization Who we are? What capacity do we have?
Research Institute for
Human Settlements
“PUSKIM” ‐ Ministry of
Public Works ¨PU¨
Governmental institution under the ministry
of Public Works.
Perform research and development of
applied technologies and formulate
standards in human settlements field. We
have three scopes of work: research and
development, consulting services (to local
governments and other institutions), and
education (dissemination of standards and
research collaboration with other
institutions).
One of our key research activities is the
development of eco‐settlements in the
Cimanuk River Basin, as well as floating
sanitation research projects in South
Kalimantan.
Expertise on water and sanitation and on
building materials and building sciences. Five
laboratories for research on water and
sanitation, building material, structures,
housing and environment and buildings design.
Access to the community which deals with the
formulation of settlements codes’ standards.
1
The representative of the Public Health Department of Atma Jaya University could not attend this session of the meeting.
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Organization Who we are? What capacity do we have?
West Java Environmental
Management Office
¨BPLHD¨
Governmental agency under the West Java
Provincial Government.
Our main responsibility is to formulating
environmental policies. We mainly act as a
coordinating agency and we don’t execute
large scale projects. The action and
implementation of policies is taken up by
sectoral agencies. In the Citarum area we
combine data from different agencies to
produce policies for provincial level
governments.
Capacity to implement policy studies and
research and publish the results and presenting
them with workshops at national and
international level. Strong institutional linkage
with local government through the production
of technical guidelines and capacity building
addressed to the municipalities in West Java.
Ability to implement dissemination and
socialization workshops. In relation to the
Citarum basin we have a yearly budget
allocated for water quality monitoring.
Asia‐Pacific Centre for
Ecohydrology “APCE” /
Indonesian Institute of
Sciences “LIPI”
New Research Center under UNESCO
Category 2 (not legally part of the
Organization, but associated with it through
formal arrangements).
Our work focuses on Ecohydrology working in
coordination with LIPI. Soon we will be
implementing demosite projects (one of
them in the Saguling area located in Citarum
River Basin).
Expertise in water science and hydro‐
meteorology and Climate Change adaptation.
Access to LIPI’s network and to their experts in
Social Sciences.
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Organization Who we are? What capacity do we have?
Research Center for
Limnology ‐ LIPI
Governmental institution, National research
centre under LIPI.
We work on research on freshwater ecology.
We develop both basic research and applied
research on a nation wide base including the
Citarum area.
Expertise in water sciences with different
technical backgrounds. Access to databases of
Indonesian freshwater systems. Annual
funding from the government and also funding
coming form international cooperation. Access
to expertise in various fields, including social
sciences, thanks to the LIPI’s network
Bandung Institute of
Technology ¨ITB”,
Environmental
Engineering Department
State University.
We have three main fields of expertise and
research. Air and waste management,
environmental management technologies,
and water and wastewater engineering.
Environmental management technologies
studies are focused in the Upper Citarum
Basin with several researches already
implemented on topics like insecticide
contamination and heavy metals
contamination.
Academic staff has already carried out
research in the Citarum Oxbow of Dara Ulin,
Capacity to conduct research on wastewater
treatment and solid waste management and
environmental health and water resource
management. Facilities to support research
(several laboratories). Access to human
resources, students, interested in research
projects.
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Organization Who we are? What capacity do we have?
with the study of the relation between
groundwater quality and public health and
bioremediation of land contamination in the
oxbow area.
Research Institute for
Water Resources
“PUSAIR” ” ‐ Ministry of
Public Works ¨PU¨
Governmental institution under the ministry
of Public Works.
Perform research and development of
applied technologies and formulate
standards in water resources field. We have
three scopes of work: research and
development, consulting services (to local
governments and other institutions), and
education (dissemination of standards and
research collaboration with other
institutions).
We are implementing research activities in
developing wastewater industrial treatment
in South Bandung and simple/appropriate
technologies for water quality improvement
(not only in the Citarum, but also in other
basins). We are also involved in the
application and improvement of water
quality models.
Access to 8 laboratories and expertise in
hydraulics and geotechnics, hydrology, water
quality, coastal engineering, irrigation
engineering, sabo dam engineering, river
engineering, and swamp engineering.
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Organization Who we are? What capacity do we have?
Directorate of Water and
Irrigation ‐ BAPPENAS
Governmental institution.
Our main task is to formulate long term,
medium term and annual development plans
in the water resources and irrigation sector.
In the Citarum area we worked on the
formulation of the Citarum Roadmap with a
large number of stakeholders. In this regard,
BAPPENAS is facilitating the stakeholders to
develop the roadmap to define what vision
they want to achieve for the basin. The
Roadmap already includes 80
activities/interventions to be implemented
from 2010 to 2025.
Capacities of coordination, implementation
and monitoring of water resources
development projects. Close relationship with
implementing agencies such as DG for Water
Resources in the Ministry of Public Works.
Coordinate the formulation of the Blue‐book
(list of development projects endorsed by the
Indonesian Government). Experience of
coordination with donor agencies.
CKNet ‐ INA Multistakeholders platform focusing on
knowledge management on infrastructure,
Water, and Environment in Indonesia.
We include universities and research centers,
governmental agencies, private sector,
consultancy companies, NGOs etc.
Access to knowledge within the CK Net but also
at a worldwide level thanks to contacts with
other networks. Through the Universities that
belong to the CK Net have access to research
facilities and training modules on water
resources (institutional aspect, governance,
etc.). Access to the UNDP Cap Net expertise.
Can mobilize funding for training and module
development and small scale field research,
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Organization Who we are? What capacity do we have?
Previously financed by governmental funds
and sustained by PT‐IHE Indonesia. The
members, through paying a membership fee,
are financing the basic operation costs.
and for fellowships.
UNESCO Office Jakarta –
Water Sciences Unit
International Organization.
We are a specialized agency of the United
Nations. We implement activities through the
five programme areas of Education, Natural
Sciences, Social and Human Sciences, Culture,
and Communication and Information. Our
Unit at the UNESCO Office Jakarta works on a
broad range of water sciences issues.
Expertise in water science. We have (limited)
funding that can be allocated specifically for
the LA activities. Access to other experts a
world wide basis (IHE, old SWITCH experts).
Advocacy capacity. Access to experts from
different sectors in the UNESCO Office Jakarta.
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Preliminary screening of problems/challenges in the water sector
The stakeholders were asked to reflect about the problems/challenges in the water
sector research in the Citarum river basin. In particular they were asked to reflect on
the issues that could be improved by the activities of the Learning Alliance. The
stakeholders individuated the following challenges:
Lack of development of knowledge management.
Scarce coordination problems the several actors (e.g. research institutes,
governmental agencies, non governmental organizations, etc.) working on
interconnected issues in the water sector.
Research users (research demand) and research producers (research offer)
don’t meet and interact on a regular basis.
Absence of realistic common vision and common goals for the stakeholders in
the Citarum Basin.
During the discussion several comments were raised about the necessities to scale up
research and promote the diffusion of innovation that could be met by the activities
of the Learning Alliance. The following necessities were individuated:
o Necessity for integrating the work and establish cooperation between people
from different backgrounds. In this regard was mentioned the necessity for
social scientists and communication specialists to collaborate with
researchers to translate research into a language that can be understood by
different stakeholders and not just by the experts.
o Necessity to develop joint learning sites. For instance individuating locations
were a specific technology is applied and places with similar characteristics
were the technology is no applied, and to organize field visit for different
stakeholders (schools, planners, policy makers, other researcher, etc.).
Different stakeholders should be guided by facilitators using different
languages according to the stakeholders’ background.
o Necessity to put in contact the grassroots level organizations and the research
organizations with the key policy makers through advocacy.
o Necessity to set up a process documentation strategy to track the process and
facilitate the access to the materials produced.
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Citarum Learning Alliance activities
The stakeholders discussed in which activities they want to be engaged as a Learning
Alliance. The activities individuate match the capacities and the time availability of
the stakeholders and are specifically elaborated considering the Alliance early stage
of development. The focus of the planned activities is related to the necessity of
providing further understanding of both the expectations of the Alliance’s members
and the strategic direction of the Alliance. Four main activities were individuated
with their associated working coordination figures (which will be all supported by
UNESCO) and milestones.
Activities
1. Development and maintenance of a Learning Alliance website.
2. Development of Learning Alliance stakeholder’s expectation mapping.
3. Organization of Learning Alliance’s expectation mapping discussion meeting.
4. Organization of Learning Alliance visioning workshop.
Milestones
1.1Active website with links to the stakeholders’ websites and gathering basic
information about the Learning Alliance and the profile of its members
2.1 Realization of an expectations questionnaire;
2.2 Summary of the results of the Web based Administration of the expectations
questionnaire
3.1 Production of Learning Alliance’s expectation map
4.1 Production of Learning Alliance’s vision document
Coordination team
o Mr. Mochamap Adhiraga Pratama (ITB)
o Mr. Jan T. L. Yap (CKNet – INA)
o UNESCO Office Jakarta team
o Mr. Heru Santoso (APCE/LIPI)
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Months
May June July August September October November December
Weeks
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Activities Milestones
3. Organization
of Learning
Alliance’s
expectation
mapping
discussion
meeting
M 3.1 Production of
Learning Alliance’s
expectation map
M
3.1
4. Organization
of Learning
Alliance
visioning
workshop
M 4.1 Production of
Learning Alliance’s
vision document
M
4.1
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Annex 1
Meeting participants
Organization Name Email
Institute for Human
Settlements “PUSKIM” ‐
Ministry of Public Works
¨PU¨
Mr. Sudradjat Sudradjat_d@yahoo.com
MS. Adhi Yudha Mulia kecopokan@yahoo.com
Mr. Elis Hastuti elishastuti@yahoo.com
West Java Environmental
Management Office
¨BPLHD¨
Mr. Eka Jatnika
Sundana
kang.eka@gmail.com
eka_jatnika@bplhdjabar.go.id
Asia‐Pacific Centre for
Ecohydrology “APCE” /
Indonesian Institute of
Sciences “LIPI”
Mr. Heru Santoso therunoff@yahoo.co.uk
Research Center for
Limnology ‐ Indonesian
Institute of Sciences “LIPI”
Ms. Reliana L. Toruan reliana@limnologi.lipi.gov.id
Bandung Institute of
Technology ¨ITB”,
Environmental
Engineering Department
Mr. Mochamap
Adhiraga Pratama
adhiraga.pratama@yahoo.com
Research Institute for
Water Resources
“PUSAIR” ” ‐ Ministry of
Public Works ¨PU¨
Eko Winar Irianto ekowinar@yahoo.com
Directorate of Water
Resources and Irrigation –
State Ministry of National
Development Planning
“BAPPENAS”
Ms. Tirta Sutedjo jogja2102@yahoo.com
Collaborative Knowledge
Network Indonesia
“CKNet – INA”
Mr. Jan T. L. Yap jtlyap@yahoo.com.sg
Public Health Department
Atma Jaya University
Ms. Bryany Titi Santi bryn_kezia@yahoo.com
UNESCO Office Jakarta,
Water Sciences Unit
Mr. Jose Miguel Ruiz
Verona
jm.ruiz‐verona@unesco.org
Mr. Marco Bonetti m.bonetti@unesco.org
