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The Role of Prices.ppt
1. Price Mechanism
β’ Adam Smith spoke of the βinvisible handβ β through the
pursuit of individual self-interest, resources are allocated
in societyβs best interests
β’ βThe means by which the many millions of individual
decisions each day by consumers & firms interact to
determine the allocation of scarce resources.β
2. The Signalling Function
β’ Market prices adjust to βsignalβ to producers where
resources are needed more and less
β’ Eg. if consumers want more iPods and less portable CD
players, prices for iPods will rise, signalling to producers
to allocate resources to their production
3. Incentive Function
β’ Prices provide incentive for consumers & producers to
use resources in the most efficient way
β’ Eg. high prices encourage efficiency; low prices
encourage utilisation of less valued resources
4. Rationing Function
β’ Resources are scarce
β’ Prices allocate resources to those willing to pay
β’ Eg. the more scarce a resource, the higher its price will be
and the less people will want / be able to have it