Empirical Experiences of Reform in the Nordic Countries - The Middle Way

Empirical Experiences of Reform
in the Nordic Countries
The middle way
Author: Johnny Camello

Almost 40 years of reforms and the
hard path of reforms to reinvent the
State and their empirical results

According to David Osborne (2007), reinventing
organizations, be they public or private, is complex, slow and
inaccurate. There is no single recipe and ready to ensure the
success and public organizations were created to be stable.
Example: the reforms in the management of the United
Kingdom Margaret Thatcher. Only after 9 years as Prime
Minister she managed to deploy his reforms.

Successful Cases
Where the reforms were successful in
relation to the public interest and
welfare of the human being?

Which indicators we should
consider to make this analysis and
which dimensions to consider.

Choose indicators that represent:
political, economic, social development
and above all in a self-sustaining way.

Sustentabilidade
IDH – Definição
Source: UN
The human development index (HDI),
was first published in 1990, and is a
composite measure of three
dimensions of human development:
longevity, education and income. The
index ranges from 0 to 1. The closer to
1, the greater human development.

Sustainability-HDI
Source: UN
Ranking 2016
Top
10
6
Europeans
1º Nordic

Sustainability-HDI
HDI-Limitations
Source: UN
Despite broadening the perspective on
human development, the HDI does not
cover all aspects of development and is
not a representation of the "happiness"
of people, indicates "the best place in
the world to live." Democracy,
participation, equality, sustainability
are other of the many aspects of human
development that are not included in
the HDI.

Sustainability
A much broader Concept than the
environment

Sustainability-ODS
Source: UN
What are the ODS?
The sustainable development goals (ODS) are a
world agenda adopted during the United Nations
Summit on sustainable development in September
2015 composed by 17 goals and 169 goals to be
reached until 2030.

Source: http://sdgindex.org
Sustainability-ODS

Sustainability-ODS
Source: UN
Themes can be divided into four major dimensions:
Social: human needs related to health, education, improvement of
the quality of life and justice.
Environmental: deals with the preservation and conservation of
the environment, with actions ranging from reversal of
deforestation, protection of forests and biodiversity, combating
desertification, sustainable use of oceans and marine resources
until the adoption of effective measures against climate change.
Economics: covers the use and depletion of natural resources,
waste production, energy consumption, among others.
Institutional: concerns the capabilities to put into practice the
ODS.

Source: http://sdgindex.org
Ranking 2016
Sustainability
Top
20
16
Europeans
5 Nordics

Nordic Countries-Radiography
Members
Denmark
Finland Iceland
Norway Sweden
Åland, Faroe
Islands
Greenland
Source: World Values Survey, European Social Survey, European Values Study e Eurobarometer.
Area: 3 425 8041 km ²
Population: more than 27 million inhabitants
GDP: 1.27 billion dollars

The Nordic Countries – The Middle Way
Administrative and Governmental Decentralization
Municipal and regional administrative reforms
Budget and management autonomy - In the Nordic
countries, municipalities and districts have the constitutional
right to create taxes and manage their collective demands.
Since the 1980s, various reforms have been made to define
territories and regions with the goal of achieving economic,
social and environmental balance. In 2016 another reform
was launched in this direction.

Trust
Generalized Trust. An International Comparison
Source: World Values Survey, European Social Survey, European Values Study e Eurobarometer.
The Nordic countries are
characterized by a high degree
of social trust: more than 50%
of respondents stated that rely
on other people, including
foreigners. In addition, that
social trust co-varia according
to a high degree of confidence
or security in common
institutions, such as the
legislative system, public
administration, State
institutions, etc. (the Nordic
Way, Swedish Institute, 2010)

Free
Market
This index is
divided into five
areas:
• Size of Government
• Legal system and
property rights
• Currency strength
• Free trade abroad
and the credit
• Business
regulations
Source: Economic Freedom of the World del Instituto Fraser
Index of Economic Freedom

Market
Balance of Interests
Market
State
Market < Public Interest

Environment
that Leverages
Innovation
Effective Macros Bedding
high competitiveness
Source: World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011Author: Johnny Camello

Education
The International Student
Assessment (Pisa) is a
approves the Organization
for applied economic co-
operation and development
(OECD) since 2000 to
measure the level of skills
of students from different
countries in three areas of
knowledge: math, reading
and science. The
examination occurs every
three years to students in
the age group of 15 years.
Top
20
12
Europeans
6Asians
5 Nordics
Pisa Ranking

Corruption
Low levels of corruption
Source: Transparência Internacional
Top
10
8
Europeans
4 Nordics

Active and responsible citizenship
Source: International IDEA.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
DENMARK
(2015)
SWEDEN
(2014)
NORWAY
(2017)
FINLAND
(2015)
85.89 85.81
78.22
66.85
Participation in Elections

Comments
Social trust and respect for the rule of law
Administrative and governmental decentralization
Free market (but preserving the public interest)
Environment that leverages innovation
Active and responsible citizenship

Empirical Experiences of Reform in the Nordic Countries - The Middle Way

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