1. Factors Impeding Effective Delivery of
Adult Literacy Programs in Rural Areas of
PNG: A Case Study on Usurufa
Community”.
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Presenter: Joel Sefo
CDS Department
University ofTechnology, Lae
jsefo@cds.unitech.ac.pg
6. Definitions
1. Adult Literacy – adults age ranging from age of 15 and
over; the ability to understand and evaluate meaning
through reading and writing, listening and speaking,
viewing and representing, (UNDP, Workshop Materials,
2012).
2. Action Research (Participatory Action Research) – is a
research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a
reflective process of progressive problem solving led by
individuals working with others in teams or as part of a
community of practice to improve the way they address
issues and solve problems,
www.web.ca/robrien/papers/arfinal.html
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7. Literature Review
New Field in PNG
Framework of the Study
Communication for Development
Action Research
Work of Paulo Freire (Critical Pedagogy, Smith, 1997,2002)
UNESCO ; Basic/Functional Literacy; (UNESCO, 1989)
Literature by PNG Researchers
Problem (Saikia, 2009’ Sinclair, 1984; Temu, 1984).
Modern Technology (Watson, 2010)
Tailored Literacy (Sefo, 2012)
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9. Data Collection & Analysis Methods
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA)
Village mapping
Focus Group Discussion
Problem Tree
Informal Interviews
Informal interviews with participants from Moife and other
Usurufa villages
Research Schedules
Researcher assisted schedules
Analysis Methods
Data According to categories (categorisation)
Annotation and Tabulation
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10. Research Population
Four people (focused group) purposively
selected (a women included for gender balance).
Ages range from 21 to 46 years
Twenty people; two from each village (total of 7
villages) randomly selected for informal
interviews including 4 of the focus group and 1
coordinator and 1 facilitator).
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15. Conclusion
English Language were the major factor.
Translating from English to vernacular
Use of English and Pidgin Creole to deliver programs
Unfamiliar content in unfamiliar language; e.g. sawing
machine.
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16. Summary
Findings thus:
Great Need for Literacy Program
Inconsistency in Running it.
Administration Issues
Language Impediment
Literacy Program Run from the context of
Reading Bible .
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18. References
Saikia, K. (2009. Communication Problems in Rural Areas of
Developing Countries. Online Articles, Retrieved 11th
August,
2012 from www.fao.org/sd/CDdirect/CDre0055b.htm
Sefo, J. A. (2012). Tailoring Adult Literacy to People’s Everyday
Needs in Rural Areas of PNG: Usurufa Case Study,
Unpublished Research Thesis, UNITECH, PNG.
Sinclair, J. (1984). Uniting a Nation – The Postal and
Telecommunication Services of PNG. Melbourne: Oxford
University Press
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19. Reference Cont…
Smith, M. K. (1997-2002). 'Paulo Freire and informal
education', The encyclopedias of informal education. Retrieved
November 29, 2012 from
www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm
Temu, D. (1984). The Information Needs of Two Papuan
Village Communities – Kapari and Viriolo: A Case Study.
Masters Degree Thesis, Clayton, Victoria: Monash
University Press.
UNDP, (2012). Adult Literacy, Workshop Materials.
UNESCO, (1989). Division of Primary Education,
literacy and Adult Education and Education in Rural Areas.
Paris, French: UNESCO.
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20. Reference Cont…
Watson, A. H. A. (2009). New Communication
Technology in Developing Countries: The Role of
Mobile Telephony and Change in Rural Papua New Guinean
Communities. Eprints.qut.edu.au/32787
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