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Jiahua Zhu
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Mongo基础
1.
初识 MongoDB 张光宇 2015/11/22
2.
基本概念 文档 Document ◦ MongoDB中的一条数据记录 ◦
格式为BSON (Binary JSON) 集合 Collection ◦ 文档的集合,同一集合中的文档通常格式相似(不要求) ◦ 对应于关系型数据库的数据表 数据库 Database ◦ 数据的仓库,相当于数据的隔离空间,不同仓库之间不通。 ◦ 包含一个或多个文档
3.
JSON JSON = JavaScript
Object Notation 格式: { "name1": 1, "name2": "hello", "name3": { "a": 1, "b": 2, "c": "hello" }, "name4": ["a", "b", "c"] }
4.
BSON 磁盘中的存储格式 ◦ JSON是字符串,BSON是二进制格式 BSON的特点 ◦ 第一个字段一定是_id,表示文档的id(集合内唯一) ◦
最重要的额外数据类型: ◦ ObjectId 全局唯一的12字节ID号 ◦ ISODate 表示日期时间
5.
mongo shell mongo shell是MongoDB的命令行客户端程序 基于V8引擎的JavaScript语法,支持ECMAScript5 终端输入mongo启动mongo
shell
6.
数据库操作 查看当前数据库:db 选择数据库:use <db name> 列出所有数据库:show
dbs 删除当前数据库:db.dropDatabase() 数据库不需要显式创建
7.
集合操作 设集合名字为 your_coll db.your_coll 是表示集合的对象 列出所有集合:show
collections 删除集合:db.your_coll.drop() 集合也不需要显式创建 显式创建集合:db.createCollection(<name>,<options>)
8.
文档操作 插入文档:db.your_coll.insert(<document>) 查询文档: ◦ 列出所有文档:db.your_coll.find() ◦ 过滤某个字段:db.your_coll.find({"field":
value}) 更新文档: ◦ db.your_coll.update({query}, {update_operation}, {options}) 删除文档: ◦ db.your_coll.remove({query})
9.
查询文档 列出所有文档:db.your_coll.find() 过滤某个字段:db.your_coll.find({field:value}) 过滤条件: ◦ 最大值,最小值:{field: {$gt:
5, $lt: 9}} ◦ 范围:{field: {$in: ["hello", "world"]}} ◦ AND: {field: value, field2: value2} ◦ OR: {$or: [{field: value}, {field2: value2}]} ◦ 子文档查询:{'field.subfield': value} 返回匹配的第一个文档db.your_coll.findOne({query})
10.
指针操作 指针由find函数返回 Cursor.sort({field1:1,field2: -1}) ◦ 按field1升序,再按field2降序 Cursor.skip(n) ◦
跳过前n条数据 Cursor.limit(n) ◦ 限制Cursor数据集大小为n Cursor.next() ◦ 返回下一条数据 Cursor.hasNext() ◦ 有没有下一条
11.
更新文档 更新文档:db.your_coll.update({query},{update_operations},{options}) query同find参数 更新操作: ◦ $set 设置值 ◦
$inc 原子加减法 ◦ $rename 修改字段名 ◦ $unset 删除字段 ◦ $push 向数组添加元素 ◦ $pop 删除第一个或最后一个元素 选项: ◦ multi: bool 只更新第一个查询结果还是更新所有的(默认false)
12.
数据库设计对比
13.
通讯录 要存储的信息: ◦ 姓名 ◦ 通讯地址 ◦
电话号码(多个) 文档结构 { "_id": ObjectId(…), "name": "name", "address": "somewhere", "phone_number": [ 18712345678, 18743218765 ] }
14.
通讯录的SQL版 或者 user_id name address user_id
phone_number user_id name address phone_number
15.
博客文章和评论 { _id: 文章ID user_id: 用户ID user:
{ avatar: 头像 name: 名字 } tags: [ 标签字符串列表 ] title: 文章标题 content: 文章内容 comments: [ { user_id: 评论用户ID user: {avatar , name} content: 评论内容 },...] } 或者,只存user_id 昵称和头像从缓存获取
16.
博客文章和评论SQL版 blahblah id user_id title
content id blog_id tag id blog_id user_id content
17.
MongoDB性能好? MongoDB单层文档和SQL数据单个表理论上性能相近 利用MongoDB内嵌文档可避免部分JOIN操作 MongoDB不支持事务,虽然可以模拟事务 注意:MongoDB单文档大小限制为16MB
18.
GridFS
19.
GridFS MongoDB每个文档限制为16MB GridFS专门用于存大于16MB的文件,将文件分块后存入多个文档 文件存储于两个集合内: ◦ fs.files 文件信息 ◦
fs.chunks 文件数据
20.
fs.files 格式 _id: 文件ID chunkSize:块大小,默认255KB,可配置 uploadDate:上传时间 length:长度 filename:文件名(可重复)
21.
fs.chunks _id: 块ID files_id:所属文件的ID n: 文件的第几块 data:数据
22.
mongofiles命令 列出所有文件:mongofiles list 搜索部分文件名:mongofiles search 下载文件:mongofiles
get / mongofiles get_id 上传文件:mongofiles put 删除文件:mongofiles delete / mongofiles delete_id
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