1. A Review of the Literature

2.  Do psychedelics contribute to successful
treatment outcomes in chemically-
dependent subjects?

3.  “Mind-Manifesting” Bringing repressed information from within
the mind forward as amplification of emotion virtual reality
containing symbolism unique to the experiencer. (Osmond, 1957).
 Distorts sensory observation/ bypasses ego & related defenses
diving straight into the contents of one’s unconscious mind (Mabit,
2007).
 New awareness gained-integrated into conscious life for improved
functioning (Grinspoon & Doblin, 2001).
 Psychedelics have existed for tens of thousands of years.
 Shamanism as indigenous psychotherapy/Divination = Diagnosis
(Metzner, 1998).
 Psychedelics as catalysts not symptom relievers (Grinspoon & Doblin,
2001).

4.  How does Ibogaine work?
 Anti-addictive properties (Alper, Lotsof, Geerte, Frenken, Luciano, &
Bastiaans, 1999).
 Amelioration/Elimination of withdrawal (Alper et al.,
1999).
 Used in drug/alcohol treatment facilities abroad
(Ibogaine Federation, 2011).
 Not a substitution drug
 9 fatalities in 20 years compare to methadone at
10,000 within a two year timespan (Donnelly, 2011).

5.  How does ketamine work?
 Ketamine therapy resulted in significantly higher rates of
abstinence among heroin-dependent as compared to
placebo and naltrexone (Krupitsky, Burakov, Dunaevsky, Romanova, Slavina, and
Grinenko, 2002, 2007).
 Faster acting than anti-depressants in treating depressive
symptoms in recovering patients (Krupitsky et al., 2007).
 More ketamine doses = higher recovery rates (Krupitsky et al., 2007).
 Not a substitution drug but potentially addictive.
 Quick, safe, cost-effective (Krupitsky et al., 2007).

6.  What is LSD? MDMA?
 Social research, Anecdotal evidence:
40 y.o. male 4 years alcoholism, experiences
breakthrough under the influence of LSD involving
Christian symbolism (Grinspoon & Doblin, 2001).
 Psychedelic experience serves to make manifest the
symbols/contents of an individuals mind, hallucinations
not random.
 MDMA used to dissolve ego-defenses in psychotherapy,
Switzerland (Grinspoon & Doblin, 2001).
 MDMA con: potentially addictive

7.  Cross-cultural study showed subjects who have had peak
psychedelic experiences have no better coping abilities or
resiliency than those who had not (Recreational not
treatment) (Lerner & Lyvers, 2006).
 Anthropological study notes East believes psychedelic
experience real as West believes it merely to be a
hallucination (Metzner, 1998).
 Guide experiences treatment with client in
East/Indigenous cultures whereas guide in West typically
does not (Metzner, 1998).
 Integration of East & West in psychedelic treatment (Metzner,
1998).

8.  Yes psychedelics can contribute to successful
treatment outcomes depending on “set” (intentions,
expectations, & motivations) of user and “setting”
(environment surrounding user at time of drug
experience including person(s) involved.
 How do we better control for “set” and “setting”?
Set - better psych assessments, bibliotherapy.
Setting - more relaxed, less clinical
environment.

9. Psychedelic merely acts as vehicle to make repressed contents of mind
visible. A bringer of awareness, messenger drug. It is up to the individual to
make the choice post-psychedelic experience to integrate this new
awareness into their conscious life.
How do we empower people? How do we honor the individual process?
 Psychedelic experience deeply personal.
 Psychedelic allows one to bypass ego/conscious patterns of thought and
behavior and dive straight into the contents of the unconscious mind
leading to expanded awareness (Mabit, 2007).
 How do you measure something like this?
 A new set of principles for exploring inner-landscape?
 Controlled experimentation gives way to consciousness exploration ?…

10.  Alper, K.R., Lotsof, H.S., Geerte, M., Franken, N., Luciano, D.J. & Bastiaans, J. (1999). Treatment of acute opioid
withdrawal with ibogaine. The American Journal on Addictions. 8, 234-242.
 Donnelly, Jennifer R. (2011). The need for ibogaine in drug and alcohol addiction treatment. Journal of Legal
Medicine. 32, 93-114.
 Grinspoon, L., Doblin, R. (2001). Psychedelics as catalysts of insight-oriented psychotherapy. Social Research. 68,
677-696.
 Kupritsky, E.M., Burakov, A.M., Dunaevsky, I.V., Romanova, T.N., Slavina, T.Y., & Grinenko, A.Y. (2002). Ketamine
psychotherapy for heroin addiction: immediate effects and two year follow-up. Journal of Substance Abuse
Treatment. 23, 273-283.
 Kupritsky, E.M., Burakov, A.M., Dunaevsky, I.V., Romanova, T.N., Slavina, T.Y., & Grinenko, A.Y. (2007). Single
versus repeated sessions of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for people with heroin-dependence. Journal of
Psychoactive Drugs. 39, 381-418.
 Lerner, M., Lyvers, M. (2006). Values and beliefs of psychedelic drug users: A cross-cultural study. Journal of
Psychoactive Drugs. 38, 143-147.
 Mabit, J. (2007). Ayahuasca in the treatment of addictions. Psychedelic Medicine. 2, 87-103.
 Mangini, M. (1998). Treatment of alcoholism using psychedelic drugs: A review of the program of research.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 30, 381-418.
 Metzner, R. (1998). Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psychotherapy and shamanism. Journal of Psychoactive
Drugs. 30, 333-341.
 United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). The Facts About Naltrexone for Treatment of
Opioid Addiction. [Brochure]. Retrieved December 3, 2011, from
http://kap.samhsa.gov/products/brochures/pdfs/naltrexone_facts.pdf.
 What is Ibogaine? (2011). International Federation of Ibogaine Providers. Retieved December 11, 2011, from
http://www.ibogainefederation.org/index.php?id=273.
 Leary, T., Alpert, R., Metzner, R. (2001). The Psychedelic Experience. New York, New York: Kensington Publishing
Corp.