Peace Operations Training Institute awards Javier I. Hoyos this Certificate of Completion for completing the course of instruction: The History of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations from Retrenchment to Resurgence: 1997 to 2006. Harvey J. Langholtz, Ph.D. Executive Director Peace Operations Training Institute 22 August 2017 Verify authenticity at http://www.peaceopstraining.org/verify Serial Number: 817921683 This course traces the retrenchment of UN peacekeeping operations in the late 1990s and early 21st Century, which led to a growth in the size, scope, and complexity of new and existing UN peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations. The course covers operations in Haiti, Guatemala, the Balkans, and Africa.