3. Reasons for System
Maintenance
Increase reliability
Increase system longevity
Increase customer relations
Decrease outage size and outage times
14. Reasons for System
Hardening
Increase framing for damage
prevention
Increase wire size for current and
anticipated load
Increase pole size for increased
height of farm or highway traffic
Change voltage for more optimal
operation of system
Creating loop fed systems
16. Overhead to Underground
5-10 times as costly as
overhead (con)
More pleasing to customers
(pro)
No tree trimming (pro)
Increased outage times (con)
17. Overhead
Hardening
Change from light braces to
heavy braces.
Tightening hardware
Adding or replacing lightning
arresters
Adding guy wires
Changing out bad poles or having
outside contractor restore pole
18.
19. Vegetation Management
Employ aggressive trimming
Enforce or implement
ordnances against dead or
dying trees
Educate property owners on
proper placing of new trees
20. Changing wire and wire
size
Changing bare copper to
ACSR
Increasing wire size for future
demand
Changing out open wire to
triplex (depending on
company)
Tightening primary wire
23. Change Voltage
Converting from a Delta system
to a Y system make it possible to
increase the load-carrying
capacity to ≈73%
Voltage regulation is also greatly
improved.
Many cities have already
converted over to a Y system for
the increased feeder capacity.
24. Creating loops or Back
feed
Underground distribution
loops
Overhead distribution loops
Transmission loop