Idk

1. z
Consumer Awareness
A presentation by – Siri,
Vidushi, Keerthana, Veda,
Deekshita and Meenakshi.

3. z
CONSUMERS IN MARKET PLACE
 The role of the consumer in a market economy
Individual consumers make decisions on how to
use resources.
 Consumers take their responsibility to make
decisions and to buy what is best for them.
 There is a lot of competition in a market economy
because producers want consumers to buy their
products.
 The consumer also plays a role in the feedback-
gathering process after a company’s offering hits
the market. After implementing your marketing
plan and releasing the product or service, you
need to track results and continually monitor
consumer needs so you can improve on the
offering in the future.
 Through the consumer's purchasing power, the
entire notion of business is accomplished and
without the consumer, this important aspect of
the exchange of goods and services is lacking.
 The role of a consumer (or of consumers in
general) is important in an economic system
because it is consumers who demand goods and
services. Boiled down to its essence, the role of
marketing is to identify, satisfy, and retain
customers.
 Before you can create anything of value, first you
must identify a want or need that you can address,
as well as the prospective customers who possess
this want or need.

5. z Rights of Consumers
1. Right to Basic Needs, which guarantees
survival, adequate food, clothing, shelter,
health care, education and sanitation.
2. Right to Safety—the consumer should be
protected against the marketing of goods or
the provision of services that are hazardous to
health and life.
3. Right to Information—the consumer should be
protected against dishonest or misleading
advertising or labelling and has the right to be
given the facts and information needed to
make an informed choice.
4. Right to Choose—the consumer has the right to
choose from among various products at
competitive prices with an assurance of
satisfactory quality.

6. z
6. Right to Redress— the right to be compensated for
misrepresentation, shoddy goods or unsatisfactory services.
7. Right to Consumer Education, which is the right to acquire
knowledge and skills necessary to be an informed customer.
8. Right to a Healthy Environment—the right to live and work in an
environment which is neither threatening nor dangerous and
which permits a life of dignity and well-being

7. z
What is
adulteration?
 Adulteration of food commonly defined as “the
addition or subtraction of any substance to or from
food, so that the natural composition and quality of
food substance is affected“.
 Adulteration is either intentional by either removing
substances to food or altering the existing natural
properties of food knowingly.
 Unintentional adulteration is usually attributed to
ignorance’s, carelessness or lack of facilities for
maintaining food quality. Incidental contamination
during the period of growth, harvesting, storage,
processing, transport and distribution of foods are also
considered.
 Adulterant” means any material which is or could be
employed for making the food unsafe or sub-standard
or mis-branded or containing extraneous matter.

8. z Types of Adulteration
 Intentional adulteration: Adding adulterants
intentionally with the purpose of increasing
profit.
 Incidental adulteration: due to negligence,
absence of sufficient facilities, adulterants are
discovered in food.
 Metallic adulteration: purposely or
accidentally adding metallic materials such as
lead from water and mercury from effluents.

9. z
Examples of adulterated food
Past and present examples of adulterated food, some dangerous, include:
 Apple jellies (jams), as substitutes for more expensive fruit jellies, with added
colorant and sometimes even specks of wood that simulate raspberry or strawberry
seeds.
 High fructose corn syrup or cane sugar, used to adulterate honey.
 Red ochre–soaked brown bread to give the appearance of beef
sausage for sausage roll filling. Roasted chicory roots used as an adulterant for
coffee
 Water, for diluting milk and alcoholic beverages.
 Water or brine injected into chicken, pork, or other meats to increase their weight.
 Urea, melamine and other non-protein nitrogen sources, added to protein products
to inflate crude protein content measurements.

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Food Products Adulterant Harmful Effects
Milk and Curd
Water and starch
powder.
Stomach disorders.
Ghee, Cheese and
Butter
Mashed potatoes,
Vanaspati and starch
powder.
Gastro-intestinal
disturbances and other
stomach disorders.
Grains
Dust, Pebbles, Stones,
Straw, weed seeds,
damaged grain, etc.
Liver disorders, Toxicity
in the body, etc.
Pulses
Dyes, chemical and
Lead Chromate.
Stomach disorders.
Common adulterants used in food

11. 10 Most adulterated
food items in your
kitchen

12. z
Tests for adulterants:
 Milk and milk products.
 Oils and fats.
 Food grains and spices.
 Miscellaneous food items.
 Water
 Separated milk
 Separated milk and milk
 Starch
 Cane sugar
 Egg white
 Condensed milk
 Separated milk powder and
water
 Glucose
 Coloring agent
 Colostrum
 Common salt
 Sodium bicarbonate
 Addition of buffalo milk
into cow milk
 Urea
 Detergents
 Blotting paper

13. z
Tests for adulterants in oils and fats :-
 Iodine value
 Saponification value
 Hydroxyl value
 Acetyl value
 Unsaponifiable matter
 Acid value
 Peroxide value
 Kreist test [rancidity index ]
 Ester value
 Turmeric, dals and pulses.
 Adulterants : metanil yellow and Kesari
dal.
 Health hazard : highly carcinogenic,
stomach disorders.
 Green chillies , green peas & other
vegetables.
 Adulterants : malachite green,
argemone seeds.
 Health hazard : carcinogenic if
consumed over a long period of time.

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Reicseeds
health hazard : epidemic dropsy and
severe glaucoma.
Heart meissl value: The Reichert value or
more fully, the Reichert- is a value
determined when examining fat.
Polenske value: The Polenske value (also
known as the Polenske number) is a value
determined when examining fat.
Mustard seeds and mustard oil.
adulterant : argemone seeds, papaya
Some more Adulterants

15. z
INCOME TAX SLABS :-
INCOME TAX
2.5 lac Nil
2.5 – 5 5%
5 – 7.5 10%
7.5 – 10 15%
10 – 12.5 20%
12.5 – 15 25%
Above 15 30%

16. z
Pallavi Model School
Hasmatpet
Bowenpally
Date:18th May 2020
The editor
“The Times of India”
Sub: Violation of consumer rights
Respected sir/madam ,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to bring to the notice of
the concerned authorities about the growing violation of consumer rights. A major step
taken by the government of India in 1986 was the consumer protection act (COPRA)
has made progress in terms of number of organised groups and their work.
But yet it is not taken seriously.
The redressal process has started becoming more expensive and time consuming and
hence is often ignored. Taking the advantage of the consumer’s ignorance
A Letter to the editor

17. z
the companies are continuing to exploit them and violate the rights. Some of the
common violations are selling drugs like alcohol, tobacco etc to minors,
spreading false information about their products, selling unadulterated medicines
and expired products . The industries don’t maintain hygiene or ensure if the
products are packed properly. They sometimes sell defected devices which don’t
have proper warranty periods.
The ignorant consumers fall prey to such strategies used by companies, retailers
and distributors for endorsing and marketing their products. Another cause of
such mishaps is lack of knowledge ignorance and even peer pressure. The only
way to eradicate these violations is by spreading awareness and routine
inspection. I request you to bring this to the notice of the concerned authorities.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely,
B. Vidushi
(Student of class 10, Pallavi Model School)

18. z
 Duty of consumer to pay for the services or goods purchased or used.
Duty of consumer to check weight, balances, prices etc. and read the labels carefully.
 To update oneself about the various schemes of consumer protection.
 Duty not to fall in the trap of misleading information and advertisement.
 Not to buy good from black markets.
 Duty to gain knowledge about consumer rights and duties and to spread awareness
about the same.
 Duty to file a complaint in case there is a defect in the good or service so purchased.
Duties of consumers

19. z
A CONSUMER IS A
SHOPPER WHO IS SORE
ABOUT SOMETHING

20. z
CONSUMER FORUMS
&
CONSUMER COURTS
This Photo by Unknown Author is
licensed under CC BY-ND

21. z
WHERE SHOULD CONSUMERS GO TO
GET JUSTICE?
 Consumer court is a special purpose court in India that deals with
cases regarding consumer disputes , conflicts and grievances.
 They are judiciary hearings set up by the government to protect the
consumers’ rights.
 Its main function is to maintain the fair practices & contracts by
sellers.
 Consumers can file a case against a seller if they are cheated or
exploited by sellers.

22. z
Rights provided by consumer courts:
The consumer rights provided by consumer courts in India are:
 Right to safety: the right to be protected from all types of hazardous goods and
services.
 Right to information: the right to be fully informed about the performance and
quality of all goods and services.
 Right to choose: the right to free choice of goods and services.
 Right to be heard : the right to be heard in all decision-making processes
related to consumer interest .
 Right to readressal: the right to seek compensation, whenever consumer rights
have been infringed.
 Right to consumer education : the right to complete consumer education.

23. z
List of consumer courts in India
 National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC):A national
level court works for the whole country and deals compensation claimed
exceeds rupees ten core.
 State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (SCDRC): A state level
court works at the state level with cases where compensation claim is
above one crore to ten crores.
 District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum (DCDRF):A district level court
works at the district level with cases where the compensation is up to one
crore.

25. z
विज्ञापन
जागो ग्राहक जागो
आपका सुरक्षा आपका अविकार।
आपका अविकार जावनए, क्या गलत क्या सही
पहचावनए।
गलत मत सहो, पुलीस में
खबर करो।

26. z
Educating the illiterate
Standing up
for them
Will make a huge
difference....

27. z
Evidences which need to be provided against
the tax :-
 House rent – rent receipts 12 months
 Tuition fee – school tuition fee receipts of 1 year
 Personal loan – loan statement
 Home loan – loan statement
 insurance – premium receipt + policy copy
 Medi-claim – premium receipt + policy copy
 Fixed deposit – FD copy

28. z
What is
TDS?
 TAX DEDUCTION AT SOURCE (TDS) is a means of
collecting tax on income, dividend or asset sales, by
requiring the payer (or legal intermediary) to deduct
tax due before paying the balance to the payee and
the tax to the revenue authority.
 In India ,under the income tax act of 1961,income
tax must be deducted at source as per the
provisions of the income tax act ,1961.
 Any payment covered under these provisions shall
be paid after deducting a prescribed percentage of
income tax. It is managed by the Central Board For
Direct Taxes [CBDT] and is a part of the revenue
managed by Indian Revenue Service.
 It has great importance while conducting tax audits.

29. To enable the salaried people to pay the tax as they earn every
month. This helps the salaried persons in paying the tax in easy
installments and avoids the burden of a lump sum of payment.
To collect the tax at the time of payment of income to various
assesses such as contractors, professionals etc.
Government requires funds throughout the year . Hence
,advance tax and tax deducted at source help the government to
get funds throughout the year and run the government.
OBJECTIVES:

30. z
How is TDS calculated?
 Calculate gross monthly income as a sum of basic income allowances and perquisites.
 Calculate available exemption under section 10 of the income tax act (ITA) . Exemptions
are applicable on allowances such as medical ,HRA ,travel .
 Reduce exemption according to step (2) for the gross monthly income calculated in
step (1).
 As TDS is calculated on yearly income , multiply it by 12 .this will be your yearly taxable
income from salary.
 If you have any other income sources ,add/subtract this amount from the figure in step
(4).
 Next ,calculate your investments for the year which fall under chapter VI-A OF ITA, and
deduct this amount from the gross income calculated in step (5).
 Now , reduce the maximum allowable income tax exemptions on a salary.
 Do note that senior citizen have different tax slabs and receive higher exemptions than
those discussed above

31. z
Income tax
 An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities
(taxpayers) that varies with respective income or profits
(taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as
the product of a tax rate times taxable income. Taxation
rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer.
 It is a tax paid by individuals or entities depending on
the level of earnings or gains during a financial year .
 The government decides the rate of income tax as well
as income tax slabs on which individuals are taxed.
 The tax rate may increase as taxable income increases.
The tax imposed on companies is usually known
as corporate tax and is levied at a flat rate.
 However, individuals are taxed at various rates according
to the band in which they fall. Further, the partnership
firms are also taxed at flat rate. Most jurisdictions
exempt locally organized charitable organizations from
tax. Capital gains may be taxed at different rates than
other income.

32. z
What are the slabs for calculating
income tax ?
Total income (Rs) Income tax rate
Up to 2.5 lakh Nil
From 2,50,001 to Rs 5,00000 5 %
From 5,00001 to Rs 7,50000 10 %
From 7,50,001 to Rs 10,00,000 15%
From 10,00,001 to Rs 12,50,000 20%
From 12,50,001 to Rs 15,00,000 25%
Above 15,00,000 30%
 The Union Budget 2020 has brought a new income tax slab regime with reduced rates
for those foregoing 70 tax exemptions and deductions under a “simplified tax regime”.
 Given below are the income tax slabs that are applicable in the new tax regime for
individuals:

33. z
How to exempt income tax ?
 Avail a home loan and enjoy tax benefits under section 80C
availing a home loan and enjoy tax benefits, as it comes with
diminished tax liability , along with the satisfaction of owning
your own home.
 Buy a health insurance policy
Such insurance policies reduce the financial strain of individuals and
their families at times of falling health conditions . Also tax benefits
are extended by the government to stimulate individuals to avail
such insurance policies.
 Under take investments
Investments in the capital market and government –mandated
schemes can lead to wealth accumulation through higher returns, as
well as tax-saving benefits.

34. z
 Park your money in government schemes
Numerous government –mandated schemes offer high returns on total investments along
with tax waivers.
Tax exemption can be availed by investing in following tools:
1. Senior citizen savings schemes (SCSS)
2. Sukanya samriddhi yojana (SSY)
3. National pension scheme (NPS) …etc.
 opt for life insurance plans
Life insurance policies enjoy tax waivers on both premium payments and amount
disbursed on maturity ,respectively.

36. z
My experience doing this project
The industries around us are not as fair as they should be. In Grade nine we studied about
industries and rules they should follow- ensuring proper packing, displaying correct information
and giving the consumer the right to choose. But in today’s world none of these are sincerely
followed. This project helped me realize this.
Therefore for supporting the consumers , government of India introduced consumer rights in
1986. This project helped me research about many cases where the consumer goes to seek
redressal and finally gets justice.
Even though the consumer rights has been introduced to help consumers, most of the people
don’t know about these rights due to lack of knowledge. After doing this project, I realized that it
is time that the youth of India take initiative of educating each and every person of India about
these rights and it’s uses. This change requires a voluntary effort and struggle involving the
participation of one and all.
I thank the teachers who gave me such a wonderful opportunity where I could learn more and
enhance my creative abilities.

37. z
Bibliography:
A presentation by-
Siri
Vidushi
Keerthana
Veda
Deekshita
Meenakshi
Taken reference from-
Wikipedia.org
agriculture.foods.com
dreamstime.com
images.in
lifestyle.inquirer.net
economictimes.com
clearax.in