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Disaster Management Guide
- 2. Content Introduction Concept Types of disaster Disaster management Summary Disaster Management
- 3. DISASTER A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR, 2009) Introductio n Disaster Management 3
- 4. ‘‘Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area Disaster Management Act 2005 Disaster Management 4
- 5. HAZARD A dangerous, phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage UNISDR Disaster Management 5
- 6. DISASTER RISK The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity UNISDR Disaster Management 6
- 7. Why disaster management? 7 Disaster Management To minimize the number of deaths and losses It is possible with a minimum level of preparedness and planning Without identification of risk & vulnerability, knowledge of hazards alone is of no use Normal procedures are insufficient to handle grave situations
- 8. Types of disasters 1. Natural hazards 2. Human-induced disasters 8 Disaster Management
- 12. Meteorological Cyclone Tornado Sandstorm Dust storm Blizzard Winter storm 12 Disaster Management Heat wave
- 13. Climatological Drought Forest wildfire Glacial lake outburst 13 Disaster Management Subsidence
- 15. Human- induced disasters Accidents Chemical Biological Nuclear Terrorist activities Disaster Management 15
- 16. Morbidities from disaster situation Injuries Emotional stress Epidemics 16 Disaster Management Increase in Indigenous disease
- 17. • It is a systematic process of using administrative decisions, organizations, operational skills and capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and related environmental and technological disasters (UNISDR) • It comprises of all forms of activities, including structural and non-structural measures to avoid or to limit adverse effects of hazards Disaster management 17 Disaster Management
- 18. Three fundamental aspects of disaster management 18 Disaster response Disaster preparedness Disaster mitigation Disaster Management
- 20. DISASTER IMPACT & RESPONSE Search, rescue, first-aid Field care Triage Tagging Identify dead Disaster Management 20
- 21. Search, rescue & first aid 21 Disaster Management After a major disaster Need for search, rescue and first aid Organized relief services will be able to meet only a small fraction of the demand Most immediate help comes from the uninjured survivors
- 22. Field care 22 Disaster Management Bed availability and surgical services maximized Provisions for food and shelter Centre to respond to inquiries Priority to victim’s identification Adequate mortuary space
- 23. Triage 23 Disaster Management Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of the severity of their injuries and the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention Higher priority is granted to victims whose immediate or long-term prognosis can be dramatically affected by simple intensive care Moribund patients who require a great deal of attention, with questionable benefit, have the lowest priority Triage is the only approach that can provide maximum benefit to the greatest number of injured in a major disaster situation
- 24. 24 Disaster Management Tagging • All patients should be identified with tags • Name, age, place of origin, triage category, diagnosis, initial treatment Identification of dead • (1) removal of the dead from the disaster scene • (2) shifting to the mortuary • (3) Identification • (4) reception of bereaved relatives
- 26. 26 Disaster Management • (1) type of disaster • (2) type & quantity of supplies available locally Relief supplies determined by Immediately following a disaster health supplies needed for treating casualties & preventing spread of communicable diseases Following the initial emergency phase Food, blankets, clothing, shelter, sanitary engineering equipment, construction material
- 28. 28 Disaster Management • (a) implement as soon as possible all public health measures to reduce the risk of disease transmission • (b) organize a reliable disease reporting system to identify outbreaks and to promptly initiate control measures • (c) investigate all reports of disease outbreaks rapidly The principals of preventing and controlling communicable diseases after a disaster are to This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
- 30. 30 Disaster Management affect affect STEPS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE FOOD RELIEF PROGRAMME Assessing the food supplies after the disaster Gauging the nutritional needs of the affected population Calculating daily food rations and need for large population groups Monitoring the nutritional status of the affected population
- 32. 32 Disaster Management Water supply Survey of all public water supplies 1st concern: Microbial contamination 2nd concern: Chemical contamination & toxicity Protection measures •Restrict access •Excreta disposal at a safe distance from water source •Prohibit bathing, washing, animal husbandry etc •Upgrade wells to protect from contamination •Estimate the maximum yield of wells •Ration water supply
- 33. 33 Disaster Management Food safety Poor hygiene is the major cause of food- borne diseases in disaster situations Where feeding programmes are used (as in shelters or camps) kitchen sanitation is of utmost importance Personal hygiene should be monitored in individuals involved in food preparation
- 34. 34 Disaster Management Basic sanitation and personal hygiene Many communicable diseases are spread through faecal contamination of drinking water and food Every effort should be made to ensure the sanitary disposal of excreta Emergency latrines should be made available to the displaced, where toilet facilities have been destroyed Washing, cleaning and bathing facilities should be provided to the displaced persons
- 35. 35 Disaster Management Vector control Control programme for vector-borne diseases should be intensified Of special concern are dengue & malaria, leptospirosis & rat bite fever, typhus & plague Flood water provides ample breeding opportunities for mosquitoes
- 36. MITIGATION Structural Non- structural Administra- tive Water supply & sewage Community Disaster Management 36
- 37. 37 Disaster Management Definition • Measures designed either to prevent hazards from causing emergency or to lessen the likely effects of emergencies Objectives • Reduce vulnerability of the system • Reduce magnitude of hazard Health sector • Structural vulnerability • Non-structural vulnerability • Administrative & organizational vulnerability
- 38. 38 Disaster Management Water supply & sewage system vulnerable Outbreak of communicable disease & sanitation deteriorates Strategies to quickly & effectively restore system Hazard analysis by team Mitigation measures in master plan Measures: retrofitting, replacement, repair Disaster mitigation in water supply & sewage system
- 39. 39 Disaster Management Mitigation to reduce community vulnerability Reduce risk of communicable diseases Improve general health status of population Water & sanitation projects organized by self-help basis Local emergency planning in disaster Public education
- 41. It is a programme of long-term development activities whose goals are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a country to manage efficiently all types of emergency It should bring about an orderly transition from relief through recovery, and back to sustained development – World Health Organization Disaster Management 41
- 42. The objective of disaster preparedness is to ensure that appropriate systems, procedures and resources are in place to provide prompt effective assistance to disaster victims, thus facilitating relief measures and rehabilitation of services 42 Disaster Management The individuals are responsible for maintaining their well-being Community members, resources, organizations, and administration should be the cornerstone of an emergency preparedness programme
- 43. 43 Disaster Management Reasons of Community Preparedness • the most to lose from being vulnerable • the most to gain from effective preparedness Members of the community have • come from within the community. Those who first respond to an emergency • at the community level Resources are most easily pooled • by allowing community participation Sustained development is best achieved
- 44. Evaluate the risk of the country or particular region to disaster Adopt standards and regulations Organize communication, information and warning systems Ensure coordination and response mechanisms Adopt measures to ensure that financial and other resources are available Develop public education programmes Coordinate information sessions with news media Organize disaster simulation excercises that test response mechanisms 44 Disaster Management Multisectoral coordination in disaster preparedness
- 46. 46 Disaster Management The policy development is “the formal statement of a course of action“ Establish long-term goals Assign responsibilities for achieving goals Establish recommended work practice Determine criteria for decision making
- 47. Six sectors required for response and recovery strategies 47 Disaster Management Communi- cation Health Social welfare Police and security Search and rescue Transport
- 48. • Disaster is grave occurrence beyond coping capacity • Disaster management cycle Response Rehabilitation Mitigation Preparedness Summary Disaster Management 48
- 49. THANK YOU