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Манхатън (проект)
от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия
Плутониевата бомба "Дебелака"
Проектът Манхатън (на английски: the Manhattan Project) е кодовото название
на проект за създаване на първите в света ядрени оръжия, осъществен
в САЩ между 1939 и 1946 година със сътрудничеството
наВеликобритания и Канада.
Всички дейности са се осъществявали под контрола на Инженерния корпус
на Армията на САЩ, а самият проект е ръководен от Дж. Робърт Опенхаймер. В
резултат на тези усилия през 1945 година са построени и взривени 3 атомни
бомби. 2 от тях са плутониеви ("Fat Man" — в превод „Дебелака“ и „Тринити“), а
последната е ураниева ("Little Boy" в превод — „Малчугана“).
Първа е взривена „Тринити“ — на 16 юли 1945 година, край Аламогордо, Ню
Мексико. Това е първият ядрен опит, извършен от човека.
На 6 август 1945 „Малчуганът“ е хвърлен над японското пристанище Хирошима,
а на 9 август „Дебелакът“ е хвърлен над Нагасаки. В резултат на тези атомни
бомбардировки загиват близо 400 000 души. След тях никога повече не е
употребено ядрено оръжие срещу цивилно население.
Проектът е струвал на американското правителство $2 млрд.
тогавашни долара (около $23 млрд. за 2007 година).
Производството на необходимите материали е било държано в пълна тайна, и
е било разпръснато на десетки места из целите Съединени щати. Най-големите
звена от проекта са били заводът за обогатяване на уран в Оук Ридж, Тенеси и
лабораторията в Лос Аламос, Ню Мексико.

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Проектът "Манхатън"

  • 1. Манхатън (проект) от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия Плутониевата бомба "Дебелака" Проектът Манхатън (на английски: the Manhattan Project) е кодовото название на проект за създаване на първите в света ядрени оръжия, осъществен в САЩ между 1939 и 1946 година със сътрудничеството наВеликобритания и Канада. Всички дейности са се осъществявали под контрола на Инженерния корпус на Армията на САЩ, а самият проект е ръководен от Дж. Робърт Опенхаймер. В резултат на тези усилия през 1945 година са построени и взривени 3 атомни бомби. 2 от тях са плутониеви ("Fat Man" — в превод „Дебелака“ и „Тринити“), а последната е ураниева ("Little Boy" в превод — „Малчугана“). Първа е взривена „Тринити“ — на 16 юли 1945 година, край Аламогордо, Ню Мексико. Това е първият ядрен опит, извършен от човека. На 6 август 1945 „Малчуганът“ е хвърлен над японското пристанище Хирошима, а на 9 август „Дебелакът“ е хвърлен над Нагасаки. В резултат на тези атомни бомбардировки загиват близо 400 000 души. След тях никога повече не е употребено ядрено оръжие срещу цивилно население. Проектът е струвал на американското правителство $2 млрд. тогавашни долара (около $23 млрд. за 2007 година). Производството на необходимите материали е било държано в пълна тайна, и е било разпръснато на десетки места из целите Съединени щати. Най-големите звена от проекта са били заводът за обогатяване на уран в Оук Ридж, Тенеси и лабораторията в Лос Аламос, Ню Мексико.