Safe and Steady Fall Prevention among Senior Citizens.pptx

Department of Health
Center for Health Development-CAR
caro.doh.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
1
Safe and
Steady Fall
Prevention
Among
Senior
Citizens
Henry Z. Saya
Physical Therapist II
DOH CHD CAR, PDOHO Kalinga

caro.doh.gov.ph
I. INTRODUCTION:
Fall prevention among senior citizens is a critical
aspect of promoting their health, independence, and
overall well-being. Falls pose a significant risk to older
adults, often resulting in injuries, hospitalizations, and a
decline in quality of life. It is estimated that one in four
older adults experiences a fall each year, making it a
pressing public health concern. However, by
implementing effective strategies and interventions,
we can reduce the risk of falls and create safer
environments for senior citizens. In this presentation,
we will explore various approaches to safe and steady
fall prevention, empowering both seniors and their
caregivers to promote a healthy and active lifestyle.
2
Safe and
Steady Fall
Prevention
Among
Senior
Citizens

caro.doh.gov.ph
II. OBJECTIVE: to provide strategies and tips
for safe and steady fall prevention
3
Safe and
Steady Fall
Prevention
Among
Senior
Citizens

caro.doh.gov.ph
III. UNDERSTANDING THE SCOPE OF THE
PROBLEM:
● Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries among older
adults.
● According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 646,000
individuals die each year globally due to falls, and over 80% of these fatalities
occur in low- and middle-income countries.
● Approximately one out of every four older adults (aged 65 and above)
experiences a fall each year.
● Falls account for more than 95% of hip fractures among older adults.
● Falls can have long-lasting consequences, including reduced mobility, fear of
falling, decreased quality of life, and an increased risk of future falls.
● Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of falls among older adults, including
age-related changes in vision, balance, and mobility, chronic health conditions
(e.g., osteoporosis, arthritis), medication side effects, and environmental
hazards.
● Falls are not an inevitable part of aging and can be prevented through a
combination of risk assessment, fall prevention strategies, and appropriate
interventions.
These statistics highlight the importance of addressing fall prevention among senior
citizens to improve their safety, well-being, and overall quality of life.
4
Safe and
Steady Fall
Prevention
Among
Senior
Citizens

caro.doh.gov.ph
IV. PREVALENCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
FALLS:
● Prevalence: Falls are highly prevalent among senior citizens. It is estimated that one in four older adults
experiences a fall each year.
● Injuries: Falls can result in various injuries, ranging from minor bruises and cuts to more severe fractures
and head trauma. Common fall-related injuries include hip fractures, wrist fractures, sprains, and head
injuries.
● Hip Fractures: Falls are the leading cause of hip fractures among older adults. Hip fractures often require
surgical intervention and extensive rehabilitation. They can significantly impact mobility and
independence, and older adults who experience hip fractures have an increased risk of premature death.
● Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs): Falls are a leading cause of traumatic brain injuries among older adults.
TBIs can have serious and long-term consequences, including cognitive impairment, memory problems,
changes in behavior and mood, and a decreased quality of life.
● Healthcare Costs: Fall-related injuries place a significant burden on healthcare systems. The costs
associated with treating fall-related injuries among older adults are substantial. These costs include
emergency department visits, hospitalizations, surgical procedures, rehabilitation services, and long-term
care.
● Hospitalizations: Falls often lead to hospital admissions for older adults. Hospital stays due to fall-related
injuries can be lengthy and involve intensive medical care and rehabilitation services.
● Functional Decline: Falls can result in a decline in physical function and mobility. Older adults who
experience falls may face challenges with daily activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, or getting in and
out of bed independently.
● Fear of Falling: After experiencing a fall, many older adults develop a fear of falling again. This fear can lead
to a decrease in physical activity, social isolation, and a further decline in overall health and well-being.
Addressing fall prevention is crucial not only to prevent injuries and improve the quality of life for older adults but
also to reduce the economic burden on healthcare systems. By implementing effective fall prevention strategies,
we can mitigate the prevalence and consequences of falls, leading to healthier and more independent aging for
senior citizens.
5
Safe and
Steady Fall
Prevention
Among
Senior
Citizens

caro.doh.gov.ph
EMPHASIZING THE NEED FOR PREVENTIVE
MEASURES TO REDUCE FALL RISKS
● Promoting Safety and Well-being: Preventive measures play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and well-
being of senior citizens. By proactively addressing fall risks, we can prevent injuries, reduce
hospitalizations, and enhance the overall quality of life for older adults.
● Maintaining Independence: Falls can result in a loss of independence for older adults. Preventive measures
help seniors maintain their autonomy and stay active in their daily lives. By reducing fall risks, we empower
older adults to continue engaging in activities they enjoy and lead fulfilling lives.
● Avoiding the Cascade Effect: Falls often lead to a cycle of decline. A single fall can have far-reaching
consequences, including increased fear of falling, decreased physical activity, social isolation, and
deteriorating health. Preventive measures break this cascade effect, allowing seniors to maintain their
physical strength, social connections, and overall well-being.
● Reducing Healthcare Costs: Fall-related injuries impose a significant financial burden on healthcare
systems. By implementing preventive measures, we can reduce healthcare costs associated with
emergency department visits, hospitalizations, surgeries, and long-term care services. Investing in
prevention is not only beneficial for individuals but also for healthcare organizations and society as a whole.
● Enhancing Quality of Life: Fall prevention contributes to a higher quality of life for older adults. By reducing
the risk of falls, we help seniors maintain their physical function, independence, and social engagement.
This, in turn, leads to improved mental well-being, increased self-confidence, and a greater sense of
fulfillment in their daily lives.
● Empowering Seniors and Caregivers: Preventive measures provide older adults and their caregivers with a
sense of control and empowerment. By equipping them with knowledge, resources, and strategies to
reduce fall risks, we enable them to take an active role in their own safety. This empowers seniors to make
informed decisions, advocate for themselves, and actively participate in their fall prevention efforts.
● Proactive Approach: Fall prevention takes a proactive approach rather than a reactive one. Rather than
waiting for a fall to occur, we can identify and address risk factors in advance. By implementing preventive
measures, we create safer environments and reduce the likelihood of falls, enabling seniors to age with
dignity and grace.
In conclusion, the need for preventive measures to reduce fall risks among senior citizens is undeniable. By
prioritizing fall prevention, we can ensure the safety, independence, and well-being of older adults while also
minimizing healthcare costs and enhancing the overall quality of life for our aging population.
6
Safe and
Steady Fall
Prevention
Among
Senior
Citizens

caro.doh.gov.ph
(1) Environmental Hazards
● Poorly lit areas,
● cluttered walkways,
● uneven surfaces,
● loose rugs,
● and slippery floors
are common environmental hazards that
contribute to falls among older adults.
7
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
2) Balance and Gait Issues: Age-related
changes in balance, coordination, and gait
can increase the risk of falls. Muscle
weakness, reduced flexibility, and impaired
proprioception (awareness of body position)
can affect stability and increase the
likelihood of falling.
8
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
3) Medication Side Effects: Certain
medications, especially those that cause
drowsiness, dizziness, or changes in blood
pressure, can increase the risk of falls. Older
adults often take multiple medications, and
the interactions or side effects of these
drugs can affect their balance and
coordination.
9
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
4) Chronic Health Conditions: Conditions
such as arthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson's
disease, and stroke can contribute to falls by
affecting mobility, muscle strength, and
balance.
10
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
5) Vision and Hearing Impairment: Poor vision
or hearing can impact an individual's spatial
awareness, depth perception, and ability to
detect environmental hazards, increasing the
risk of falls.
11
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
6) Foot Problems and Inadequate Footwear:
Foot pain, foot deformities, or wearing
improper footwear (e.g., shoes with slippery
soles or inadequate support) can affect
balance and increase the risk of falls.
12
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
7) Weakness and Muscle Atrophy: Age-
related muscle loss (sarcopenia) and
decreased physical activity can result in
muscle weakness and reduced coordination,
making it more challenging to maintain
balance and stability.
13
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
8) Postural Hypotension: A sudden drop in
blood pressure upon standing (postural
hypotension) can cause dizziness or
lightheadedness, leading to falls, particularly
when getting up from a lying or sitting
position.
14
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
9) Fear of Falling: Previous falls or fear of
falling can lead to self-imposed activity
restrictions and decreased mobility, which
can actually increase the risk of falls in the
long run.
15
Common
Causes of Falls

caro.doh.gov.ph
10) Inadequate Assistive Devices: Incorrect or
improper use of mobility aids, such as canes,
walkers, or wheelchairs, can contribute to
falls. Additionally, not using assistive devices
when needed can increase fall risks.
16
Common
Causes of Falls
Understanding these common causes of
falls is essential for implementing targeted
prevention strategies. By addressing these
factors, modifying the environment, and
promoting overall health and well-being,
we can effectively reduce fall risks among
senior citizens.

caro.doh.gov.ph
1) Self-Reported History: Asking older adults about their
previous falls, near falls, and any factors they believe
contribute to their fall risk can provide valuable information.
This can include inquiring about balance issues, medication
use, chronic conditions, and environmental concerns.
17
Assessing Fall
Risks
Assessing fall risk is an important step in
identifying individuals who are at a higher
risk of falling. Various assessment tools
and methods are used by healthcare
professionals to evaluate fall risk. Here are
some common approaches:

caro.doh.gov.ph
2) Clinical Assessments: Healthcare professionals can conduct
comprehensive assessments to evaluate fall risk factors.
These assessments may include:
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test: This test measures the time it
takes for an individual to rise from a chair, walk three meters,
turn around, walk back, and sit down again. It assesses
mobility, balance, and coordination. The person taking the test
can wear their usual footwear and can use any assistive device
they normally use.
18
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test:
● The person is asked to stand without support and walk as
usual, to the cone or bottle and sit down again.
● Time measurement starts when the person lifts their back
from the chair, and stops when they return to the starting
position.
● First perform a test attempt and then repeat the same
exercise three more times, the times of these last three real
tests are averaged.
● If the person requires some kind of help to stand up, the
test is suspended and they are classified as having a high
risk of falling.
Predictive results (assessment in seconds)
– Normal: 10 sec.
– Slight risk of falling 11 to 20 seconds: 10
– High risk of falling: > 20 seconds
19
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
Berg Balance Scale: This tool evaluates an individual's ability to
maintain balance during specific tasks, such as standing,
reaching, and turning. It provides a standardized measure of
balance performance.
20
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
Gait Assessment: Observing an individual's walking pattern and
gait can reveal abnormalities or irregularities that may
contribute to fall risk.
21
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
Muscle Strength Testing: Assessing muscle strength,
particularly in the lower extremities, helps identify weakness
that may affect balance and stability.
22
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
Vision and Hearing Evaluation: Assessing visual acuity, depth
perception, and hearing capabilities can identify impairments
that increase fall risk.
23
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
3) Medication Review: Evaluating an individual's medication
list, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, can
help identify medications with side effects that may contribute
to falls (e.g., sedatives, anti-hypertensives). Assessing the
dosages and potential drug interactions is also important.
24
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
4) Home Safety Assessment: A home safety assessment
involves evaluating the living environment for potential
hazards that may increase fall risk. This can include identifying
tripping hazards, inadequate lighting, slippery surfaces, and
improper use of assistive devices.
25
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
5) Fall Risk Questionnaires: Various validated questionnaires,
such as the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) or the
Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, can be used to assess fall risk
based on self-reported data related to balance, mobility, fear
of falling, and other factors.
By utilizing these assessment methods, healthcare
professionals can identify individuals at a higher risk of falling.
This information guides the development of tailored fall
prevention strategies and interventions to address specific
risk factors and enhance safety for older adults.
26
Assessing Fall
Risks

caro.doh.gov.ph
1) Home Modifications
● Removing tripping hazards such as loose rugs or clutter.
27
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
28
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
29
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
● Installing grab bars in bathrooms and near stairs
30
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
● Installing grab bars in bathrooms and near stairs
31
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
● Improve lighting in hallways, staircases, and other areas.
32
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
● Improve lighting in hallways, staircases, and other areas.
33
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
● Ensuring the staircases have secure handrails.
34
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
● Using non-slip mats in the bathrooms.
35
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
2) Regular exercises and strength training. Engaging in regular
physical activity and strength training exercises can
improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and
coordination, reducing the risk of falls.
36
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Endurance ex:
Brisk walking or jogging

caro.doh.gov.ph
37
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Endurance ex:
Dancing

caro.doh.gov.ph
38
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Endurance ex:
Climbing hills

caro.doh.gov.ph
39
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Strength ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
40
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Strength ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
41
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Strength ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
42
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Strength ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
43
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Balance ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
44
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Balance ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
45
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Balance ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
46
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Balance ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
47
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Flexibility ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
48
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Flexibility ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
49
Fall Prevention
Strategies
Flexibility ex:

caro.doh.gov.ph
3) Medication Review. Regularly reviewing medications with
healthcare professionals can help identify drugs that may
increase fall risk or cause dizziness or drowsiness.
Adjustments or changes to medication regimens can be
made to minimize these effects.
● consult healthcare professionals to identify medications
that may have side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, or
impaired balance, which can increase the risk of falls. Pay
attention to medications that affect the central nervous
system, blood pressure, or have a sedating effect.
● Evaluate the dosages of your medications and check for
potential drug interactions. Some medications may have
stronger side effects at higher doses or when combined
with other drugs. It's important to ensure that dosages are
appropriate and that there are no adverse interactions
between different medications.
50
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
4) Vision and Hearing Checks: Regular eye exams and hearing
assessments ensure that any impairments are detected and
addressed promptly. Corrective measures such as updated
prescriptions or hearing aids can help improve sensory
function and reduce fall risks.
51
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
5) Foot wear and assistive devices: Wearing proper footwear
with good traction and support can improve balance and
stability. Additionally, the appropriate use of assistive devices
such as canes or walkers, when necessary, can aid in mobility
and reduce fall risks.
52
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
5) Foot wear and assistive devices: Wearing proper footwear
with good traction and support can improve balance and
stability. Additionally, the appropriate use of assistive devices
such as canes or walkers, when necessary, can aid in mobility
and reduce fall risks.
53
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
6) Fall alert systems and emergency response plans: Installing
fall alert systems, such as wearable devices or home
monitoring systems, can provide an extra layer of safety.
Additionally, creating emergency response plans and ensuring
easy access to emergency contact information can help in the
event of a fall or other emergencies.
54
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
6) Fall alert systems and emergency response plans: Installing
fall alert systems, such as wearable devices or home
monitoring systems, can provide an extra layer of safety.
Additionally, creating emergency response plans and ensuring
easy access to emergency contact information can help in the
event of a fall or other emergencies.
55
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
7). Nutrition and Hydration: A well-balanced diet that includes
sufficient nutrients, particularly calcium and vitamin D,
promotes bone health and reduces the risk of fractures from
falls. Staying hydrated is also important for maintaining overall
health and preventing dizziness or dehydration-related falls.
56
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
8). Education and Awareness: Raising awareness about fall
risks and prevention strategies is crucial. Providing education
to older adults and their caregivers about fall prevention
measures, safety tips, and available resources empowers them
to take proactive steps in reducing fall risks.
9). Regular Check-ups and Follow-ups: Encouraging regular
check-ups with healthcare professionals ensures ongoing
monitoring of health conditions, medication adjustments, and
assessment of fall risks. Prompt follow-up visits after a fall or
near fall can help address any underlying issues and prevent
future incidents.
57
Fall Prevention
Strategies

caro.doh.gov.ph
Raising awareness among older adults about fall risks is of
utmost importance for several reasons:
● Prevention: Awareness is the first step in preventing falls. By informing older adults about the
potential hazards and risk factors associated with falls, they can take proactive measures to
reduce those risks and prevent falls from occurring in the first place.
● Empowerment: Awareness empowers older adults to take control of their own safety and well-
being. When they understand the factors that contribute to falls, they can make informed
decisions and take necessary precautions to minimize their risk. This sense of empowerment
promotes independence and a proactive approach to fall prevention.
● Risk Identification: Awareness helps older adults identify personal risk factors that may make
them more susceptible to falls. It encourages them to reflect on their own health, living
environment, and lifestyle choices, and to seek appropriate assessments or interventions to
address those risks.
● Behavior Change: Raising awareness can lead to behavior change. When older adults are
informed about fall risks, they are more likely to adopt preventive behaviors, such as modifying
their home environment, participating in exercise programs, and adhering to medication plans.
This can significantly reduce their risk of falling.
● Engagement: Awareness initiatives can engage older adults in fall prevention activities and
programs. By promoting community resources, workshops, and educational materials, older
adults can actively participate in initiatives designed to improve their safety and well-being.
● Early Intervention: Awareness allows older adults to recognize the early warning signs of
declining balance, mobility issues, or other factors that may increase their fall risk. By
addressing these concerns early on, they can seek appropriate medical attention, interventions,
or support services to prevent falls or minimize their impact.
58
Promoting
Safety
Awareness

caro.doh.gov.ph
Community organizations, healthcare providers, and family
members play vital roles in fall prevention among older adults.
Let's explore their contributions:
Community Organizations:
● Education and Awareness: Community organizations can raise awareness about
fall risks, prevention strategies, and available resources through workshops,
seminars, and informational campaigns. They can disseminate educational
materials to older adults and their caregivers to promote understanding and
proactive action.
● Exercise Programs: Community organizations can offer structured exercise
programs tailored to the needs of older adults. These programs focus on
improving strength, balance, and flexibility, which are crucial for fall prevention.
● Home Safety Assessments: Some community organizations provide home
safety assessments to identify potential hazards and offer recommendations for
modifications that reduce fall risks.
● Support Networks: Community organizations can establish support networks,
support groups, or buddy systems where older adults can connect, share
experiences, and support each other in their fall prevention journey.
59
Creating a
supportive
environment

caro.doh.gov.ph
Health Care Providers:
● Assessing Fall Risks: Healthcare providers, such as physicians, nurses, and
physical therapists, play a key role in identifying individuals at risk of falling
through fall risk assessments. They evaluate medical history, medication usage,
physical abilities, and cognitive function to determine fall risk levels.
● Medication Review: Healthcare providers review medication regimens, assess
potential side effects, and make necessary adjustments to minimize fall risks.
● Referral and Treatment: Healthcare providers can refer older adults to
appropriate specialists, such as physical therapists or occupational therapists,
for targeted interventions to improve balance, strength, and mobility.
● Health Monitoring: Regular check-ups with healthcare providers allow for
ongoing monitoring of health conditions and identification of changes that may
impact fall risks. Providers can offer guidance on managing chronic conditions
and optimizing overall health.
60
Creating a
supportive
environment

caro.doh.gov.ph
Family Members:
● Home Environment: Family members can help create a safe home environment
by removing hazards, installing grab bars, improving lighting, and ensuring
clutter-free pathways.
● Support and Encouragement: Family members can provide emotional support
and encouragement to older adults in adopting fall prevention strategies. They
can motivate and accompany them to exercise programs or healthcare
appointments.
● Medication Management: Family members can assist older adults in managing
medications, ensuring compliance with prescribed dosages and schedules.
● Communication and Collaboration: Family members can maintain open
communication with healthcare providers, sharing relevant information about
the older adult's health, medications, and any changes in their condition.
61
Creating a
supportive
environment

caro.doh.gov.ph
Collaboration between community organizations, healthcare
providers, and family members is crucial. By working together,
they can provide a comprehensive support system that
addresses multiple aspects of fall prevention, including
education, environmental modifications, healthcare
interventions, and emotional support. This collaborative
approach maximizes the effectiveness of fall prevention
efforts and promotes the well-being of older adults.
62
Creating a
supportive
environment

caro.doh.gov.ph
I would like to encourage all of you to take action and
implement the strategies and tips provided today to ensure
safe and steady aging. By being proactive in fall prevention,
you can greatly reduce the risk of falls and maintain your
independence, health, and well-being. Remember, fall
prevention is a collective effort involving individuals,
caregivers, healthcare professionals, and community
organizations
63
Conclusion

Safe and Steady Fall Prevention among Senior Citizens.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Safe and Steady Fall Prevention among Senior Citizens.pptx

Similar to Safe and Steady Fall Prevention among Senior Citizens.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Safe and Steady Fall Prevention among Senior Citizens.pptx