Association between bronchial asthma and periodontitis

1. Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma
Among Patients with
Periodontitis
Prepared & presented by
ID:
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2. Objectives
1. Definition of Bronchial Asthma
2. Characteristics of bronchial Asthma
3. Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
4. Relation of bronchial asthma and periodontitis

3. Introduction
• Asthma is a serious global health problem affecting people of all
ages.
• Several oral health conditions are documented among
asthmatic patients, on top of them increased prevalence of
periodontal diseases and dental caries.
• Periodontal disease is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting
the periodontium.
• Evidence indicates a bidirectional relationship between
periodontitis and respiratory diseases.

4. Definition of Bronchial Asthma
• Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory
disease that affects 1-20% of the
population of various countries.
• The number of asthma patients in the
world reaches 300 millions and is
estimated to increase by 100 million in
2025.
• Bronchial asthma is defined as a disease
with chronic inflammation of the airways
that involves many inflammatory cells and
results in bronchial hyper responsiveness
towards various stimuli and signed by
airway obstruction that is reversible with
or without treatment.

5. Characteristics of bronchial Asthma
• Asthma is characterized by
episodic or persistent symptom
of
1. Cough.
2. Wheezing; a high-pitched
whistling sound made while
breathing
3. Dyspnea; Difficult, painful
breathing or shortness of breath.

6. Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
• Asthma treatment uses the
following drugs:
1. Bronchodilator/reliever drugs
to dilate the airways.
2. Anti-inflammatory/ controller
drugs to treat inflammation
and control asthma.
• Both bronchodilator and
controller drugs can be
administered by inhalation, oral,
and parenteral.

7. Effective route of drug administration in asthma
• The administration of the drug by inhalation is considered more
efficient because it
i. Works faster on the target organ
ii. Has minimal systemic effects.
• Most commonly used drugs include:
i. Bronchodilator: Short-acting β2 agonists
ii. Anti-inflammatory: inhaled corticosteroids,
which are combined together.

8. Relation of bronchial asthma and periodontitis
• The long-term use of β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids
affect the periodontal tissue by:
1. The content of inhalation drugs can reduce the secretion of
saliva which is exacerbated by the activation of inflammatory
mediators in the gingiva.

9. Relation of bronchial asthma and periodontitis
2. Prolonged use of inhalation drugs results in a decrease of the
defense mechanism of the periodontal tissue which causes
periodontal tissue destruction, and worsen by the patient's
inadequate oral hygiene.

10. Effect of delayed treatment of gingival disease
in bronchial asthma patients
• Periodontal tissue destruction that is not immediately treated
can lead to the progression of periodontal disease(gingivitis) to
a more advanced or severe stage (periodontitis).

11. Relation of periodontitis and bronchial asthma
• Periodontal disease has been known as an inflammatory disease with a
reaction to bacterial plaque causing chronic inflammation, gingival
bleeding, increasing pocket depth(loss of attachment), and ultimately,
alveolar bone loss.
• This chronic inflammatory diseases appear to be risk factors for
bronchial asthma by activating the immune system and inducing an
inflammatory response.
• .

12. Conclusion
• Current data suggest that periodontal disease may be a risk factor
for asthma and vice versa, emphasizing the correlation between oral
hygiene and general systemic health

13. References
1. Arbes SJ Jr., Matsui EC. Can oral pathogens influence allergic disease?
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:1119-27.
2. Gomes-Filho IS, Soledade-Marques KR, Seixas da Cruz S, de Santana
Passos-Soares J, Trindade SC, Barreto ML, et al. Does periodontal
infection have an effect on severe asthma in adults? J Periodontol.
2014;85:e179–187.
3. Ichinose M, Sugiura H, Nagase H, Yamaguchi M, Inoue H, Sagara H, et
al. Japanese guidelines for adult asthma 2017. Allergol Int. 2017;
66(2):163–89.

14. Thank you
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