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Page 1
‫جابر‬ ‫هناء‬ ‫إعداد‬
‫اإلدمان‬
22-04-2013
Page 2
‫المحتويات‬
•‫اإلدمان‬
•‫المخدرات‬
•‫التدخين‬
Page 3
‫اإلدمان‬
‫التعريف‬:
•‫هو‬‫تعبير‬‫عن‬‫رغبة‬‫نرجسية‬‫في‬
‫تجميد‬‫لحظات‬‫المتعة‬
•‫هو‬‫حالة‬‫مرضية‬‫من‬‫االعتماد‬
‫النفسي‬‫أو‬‫الجسدي‬‫أو‬‫كليهما‬‫معا‬
‫على‬(‫مادة‬‫أو‬‫سلوك‬)
Page 4
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫كيفية‬
•‫الشعور‬‫تكرار‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يدفع‬ ‫بالسعادة‬
‫الجرعة‬ ‫وزيادة‬ ‫الفعل‬
•‫حالة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬‫التحمل‬/
‫الحصول‬‫السابقة‬ ‫المتعة‬ ‫على‬
‫الجرعة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫ب‬َّ‫ل‬‫يتط‬
Page 5
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫أنواع‬
•‫اإلدمان‬‫الجسمي‬
•‫اإلدمان‬‫النفسي‬
•‫اإلدمان‬‫الجسمي‬-‫النفسي‬
Page 6
‫المخدرات‬ ‫أنواع‬
•‫الطبيعية‬:‫األفيون‬-‫القنب‬-‫القات‬
‫الكوك‬ ‫وأوراق‬
•‫االصطناعية‬:‫الميسكالين‬
‫البسيلوسين‬
Page 7
‫المخدرات‬ ‫أنواع‬
•‫مهلوسة‬(‫أل‬.‫أس‬.‫دي‬)
•‫منومة‬(‫باربيتورات‬)
•‫ئة‬ّ‫د‬‫مه‬(‫فاليوم‬-‫ليبراكس‬)
•‫طة‬ّ‫ش‬‫من‬(‫ماكستون‬‫فورت‬)
•‫مذيبات‬‫ّارة‬‫ي‬‫ط‬‫وأصباغ‬(‫سوالر‬)
Page 8
‫لإلدمان‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫م‬‫العا‬ ‫العوراض‬
•‫المزاج‬ ‫في‬ ‫تقلبات‬/‫سعادة‬-
‫اكتئاب‬/‫ضحك‬-‫بكاء‬...
•‫النوم‬ ‫في‬ ‫اضطرابات‬/‫أرق‬-‫نوم‬
‫طويل‬/‫كوابيس‬...
•‫ذهانية‬ ‫سلوكيات‬/‫هلوسات‬-‫مع‬ ‫التحدث‬
‫موجودين‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أشخاص‬..
Page 9
‫لإلدمان‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫م‬‫العا‬ ‫العوراض‬
•‫العقلية‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫اضطراب‬/‫الذاكرة‬-
‫االدراك‬-‫التركيز‬-‫التخيل‬..
•‫الكالم‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تغير‬/‫تلعثم‬-‫كالم‬ ‫بطء‬-
‫لسان‬ ‫ثقل‬..
•‫عام‬ ‫ضعف‬/‫شهية‬ ‫فقدان‬-‫دوخة‬-‫إغماء‬..
•‫التنفسي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫اضطراب‬/‫سعال‬‫التهاب‬
‫الحنجرة‬-‫آالم‬‫الصدر‬ ‫في‬..
Page 10
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫مؤشرات‬
•‫األسرة‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫االنعزال‬/‫يالزم‬
‫غرفته‬-‫وحده‬ ‫يأكل‬...
•‫مريبة‬ ‫اتصاالت‬ ‫وتلقي‬ ‫وسرية‬ ‫تكتم‬
•‫على‬ ‫للحصول‬ ‫وتبرير‬ ‫ومراوغة‬ ‫كذب‬
‫المنزل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫والغياب‬ ‫المال‬
•‫الجسد‬ ‫على‬ ‫مريبة‬ ‫آثار‬ ‫وجود‬
‫والثياب‬/‫رائحة‬-‫بقع‬
Page 11
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫مؤشرات‬
•‫االهتمام‬ ‫وفقدان‬ ‫دراسي‬ ‫تأخر‬
‫والنشاطات‬ ‫بالهوايات‬
•‫الدوام‬ ‫احترام‬ ‫وعدم‬ ‫القوانين‬ ‫مخالفة‬
•‫المدرسين‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المشاكل‬ ‫كثرة‬
‫والطالب‬/‫الشلة‬ ‫تغيير‬
•‫بحجة‬ ‫المدرسة‬ ‫بترك‬ ‫الرغبة‬ ‫اظهار‬
‫العمل‬
Page 12
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫أسباب‬
•‫داخل‬ ‫عالئقية‬ ‫اضطرابات‬‫األسرة‬
•‫إدمان‬‫أو‬ ‫األسرة‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫أحد‬
‫أو‬ ‫عقلي‬ ‫بمرض‬ ‫اصابته‬‫نفسي‬
•‫ا‬‫تباع‬‫تربوي‬ ‫أسلوب‬‫سيء‬
•‫القيم‬ ‫تناقص‬‫األخالقية‬
Page 13
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫أسباب‬
•‫التربوي‬ ‫الدور‬ ‫غياب‬‫للمدرسة‬
•‫انتشار‬‫المجموعات‬‫المنحرفة‬
•‫عادة‬ ‫وانتشار‬ ‫السيئة‬ ‫الصحبة‬ ‫أثر‬
‫فيما‬ ‫التدخين‬‫بينهم‬
•‫حول‬ ‫الكاذبة‬ ‫االشاعات‬ ‫انتشار‬
‫المخدرات‬
•‫المخدرات‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫سهولة‬
Page 14
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫آثار‬
•‫اقتصادية‬
•‫اجتماعية‬
•‫صحية‬
•‫سياسية‬‫وأمنية‬
Page 15
‫اإلدمان‬ ‫عالج‬
‫أهدافه‬:
•‫عن‬ ‫االمتناع‬ ‫من‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫تحقيق‬
‫المخدرات‬
•‫لتسهيل‬ ‫نفسي‬ ‫استقرار‬ ‫تحقيق‬
‫إعادة‬‫االندماج‬
•‫منع‬‫من‬ ‫الحالة‬‫االنتكاس‬
Page 16
‫العالج‬ ‫أنواع‬
‫وقائي‬:
•‫حمالت‬‫توعية‬
•‫تعزيز‬‫االنشطة‬‫االجتماعية‬
•‫تنشيط‬‫األجهزة‬ ‫دور‬‫األمنية‬
•‫للفحص‬ ‫محطات‬ ‫تثبيت‬
Page 17
‫العالج‬ ‫أنواع‬
‫عالجي‬:
•‫دوائي‬
•‫نفسي‬
Page 18
‫باألرقام‬ ‫لبنان‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلدمان‬
•‫حوالي‬25000‫مدمن‬
•‫متوسط‬‫عمر‬‫اإلدمان‬17
•33%‫طالب‬‫جامعات‬
•‫تضاعف‬‫عدد‬‫المدمنات‬9‫مرات‬
‫بعد‬‫العام‬2006
Page 19
‫باألرقام‬ ‫لبنان‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلدمان‬
•3‫ماليين‬‫علبة‬‫دواء‬‫مخدر‬‫تدخل‬
‫لبنان‬‫سنويا‬
•‫غرام‬‫الهيروين‬‫ب‬7$
•‫شبكات‬‫في‬‫الجامعات‬‫لتوزيع‬
‫المخدرات‬‫مجانا‬
Page 20
‫التدخين‬
‫التعريف‬:
‫حرق‬ ‫هوعملية‬‫واستنشاقها‬ ‫التبغ‬ ‫مادة‬
‫أل‬ ‫بمخدرأم‬ ‫االستمتاع‬ ‫بهدف‬
Page 21
‫التبغ‬ ‫مكونات‬
•‫النيكوتين‬
•‫مواد‬‫مسرطنة‬(‫قطران‬-‫أكسيد‬
‫الزرنيخ‬)
•‫مواد‬‫مثيرة‬‫جة‬ّ‫ي‬‫ومه‬(‫األحماض‬
‫ارة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الط‬)
•‫أول‬‫أكسيد‬‫الكربون‬
Page 22
‫التدخين‬ ‫أسباب‬
•‫تقليد‬‫األقران‬
•‫أن‬‫يكون‬‫أحد‬‫أفراد‬‫األسرة‬‫من‬
‫المدخنين‬
•‫ر‬ّ‫ث‬‫التأ‬‫باإلعالنات‬‫التجارية‬
•‫ر‬ ّ‫التهو‬‫وحب‬‫المغامرة‬
Page 23
‫التدخين‬ ‫آثار‬
•‫التسبب‬‫بأمراض‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫الوفاة‬
•‫الحاق‬‫الضرر‬‫بغير‬‫المدخنين‬
•‫لمادة‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫امتصاص‬ ‫يعرقل‬
‫الكالسيوم‬
•‫إلدمان‬ ‫يمهد‬ ‫التدخين‬ ‫إدمان‬
‫المخدرات‬
Page 24
‫باألرقام‬ ‫لبنان‬ ‫في‬ ‫التدخين‬
•8‫العام‬ ‫في‬ ‫سيجارة‬ ‫مليار‬2008
•‫يوميا‬ ‫تباع‬ ‫سجائر‬ ‫علبة‬ ‫مليون‬
•22%‫مدخنون‬ ‫األوالد‬ ‫من‬
•3500‫من‬ ‫السنة‬ ‫في‬ ‫يموتون‬
‫التدخين‬
Page 25
‫المراجع‬
KARAM et al. (2010).Rapid Situation Assessment of substance
use in Lebanon.[J Med Liban. 2010 Apr-Jun] - PubMed - NCBI.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved April 2,
2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549
Katerji, O. (2010). Culture of heroin use threatens futures of
many of Lebanon's youth . News , Local News . THE DAILY
STAR. Breaking News, Lebanon News, Middle East News &
World News | THE DAILY STAR. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/May/12/Culture-of-
heroin-use-threatens-futures-of-many-of-Lebanons-
youth.ashx#axzz2PK0lrCcU
‫ن‬ ،‫حالوي‬( .2013‫نيسان‬ ،22.)‫المخدرات‬ ّ‫د‬‫ض‬ ‫شباب‬.‫اآلخر‬ ‫الرأي‬ ‫مجلة‬.‫في‬ ‫استرجعت‬
‫نيسان‬22،2013‫من‬-www.raihttp://
114akhar.com/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=
5&Itemid=2
‫ب‬ ،‫القنطار‬( .2011‫حزيران‬ ،27.)٢٦٣‫يوميا‬ ‫المدمن‬ ‫معالجة‬ ‫كلفة‬ ‫دوالرا‬.‫األخبار‬.
‫نيسان‬ ‫في‬ ‫استرجعت‬12،2013‫من‬15467akhbar.com/node/-http://www.al

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الإدمان هناء جابر