SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 22
Download to read offline
.
.Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m
F
FO
OR
RE
EX
X R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G F
FO
OR
RM
MU
UL
LA
A
R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a
“
“I
In
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ci
in
ng
g a
a R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g R
Re
ev
vo
ol
lu
ut
ti
io
on
n i
in
n t
th
he
e F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l
I
In
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y”
”
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0
-
-C
Co
op
py
yr
ri
ig
gh
ht
t ©
© M
Ma
ar
rc
ch
h 2
20
01
14
4
G
Ge
eo
or
rg
ge
e P
Pr
ro
ot
to
on
no
ot
ta
ar
ri
io
os
s ©
©-
-A
Al
ll
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s r
re
es
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d w
wo
or
rl
ld
dw
wi
id
de
e
D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n b
by
y Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m
w
ww
ww
w.
.Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 2
F
FO
OR
RE
EX
X R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G F
FO
OR
RM
MU
UL
LA
A v
v4
4.
.0
0
“
“A
A R
Re
ev
vo
ol
lu
ut
ti
io
on
na
ar
ry
y W
Wa
ay
y o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l S
Se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s”
”
-
-T
TA
AB
BL
LE
E O
OF
F C
CO
ON
NT
TE
EN
NT
TS
S-
-
(
(1
1)
) I
In
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o t
th
he
e S
Se
er
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s
-
- T
Th
he
e N
Ne
ee
ed
d f
fo
or
r a
an
n O
Ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k
-
- T
Th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s H
Hi
is
st
to
or
ry
y
(
(2
2)
) D
De
es
si
ig
gn
ni
in
ng
g t
th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0
-
- T
Th
he
e C
Co
or
re
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
ec
ch
ha
an
ni
is
sm
m o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0
(
(3
3)
) F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-1
1 S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
26
6%
%)
)
(
(4
4)
) F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-2
2 T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
os
st
t (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
28
8%
%)
)
(
(5
5)
) F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-3
3 T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
26
6%
%)
)
(
(6
6)
) F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-1
1 T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
20
0%
%)
)
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 3
(
(1
1)
) I
In
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ti
io
on
n t
to
o t
th
he
e S
Se
er
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s b
by
y T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
gC
Ce
en
nt
te
er
r.
.o
or
rg
g
M
Mi
is
ss
si
io
on
n:
: “
“S
Se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r a
an
n O
Ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e F
Fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k t
to
o R
Ra
at
te
e t
th
he
e W
Wo
or
rl
ld
d'
's
s F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l
S
Se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s”
”
T
Th
he
e C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nt
t P
Pr
ro
ob
bl
le
em
m w
wi
it
th
h O
On
nl
li
in
ne
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s
U
Un
nt
ti
il
l t
to
od
da
ay
y,
, a
al
ll
l f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s w
we
er
re
e m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y u
us
se
er
rs
s (
(u
us
se
er
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s)
).
.
U
Un
nf
fo
or
rt
tu
un
na
at
te
el
ly
y,
, a
an
nd
d a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o r
re
es
se
ea
ar
rc
ch
h,
, m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n h
ha
al
lf
f (
(5
50
0%
%)
) o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e u
us
se
er
r
r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s p
pr
ro
ov
ve
ed
d f
fa
ak
ke
e.
. A
An
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
a h
hu
ug
ge
e c
co
om
mm
me
er
rc
ci
ia
al
l i
in
nc
ce
en
nt
ti
iv
ve
e
f
fo
or
r a
an
ny
y f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y t
to
o h
hi
ir
re
e o
ou
ut
ts
si
id
de
er
rs
s i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o r
ra
at
te
e t
th
he
em
m f
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y
a
an
nd
d /
/ o
or
r r
ra
at
te
e o
ot
th
he
er
r c
co
om
mp
pe
et
ti
it
to
or
rs
s u
un
nf
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y.
. E
Ev
vi
id
de
en
nc
ce
e c
co
om
me
es
s f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e f
fa
ac
ct
t
t
th
ha
at
t m
mo
os
st
t o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e u
us
se
er
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e g
gi
iv
ve
en
n e
ex
xc
ce
es
ss
si
iv
ve
e v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s (
(i
i.
.e
e.
. 5
5/
/5
5 o
or
r 0
0/
/5
5)
).
. O
Of
f
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e,
, i
if
f y
yo
ou
u a
ar
re
e v
ve
er
ry
y e
ex
xp
pe
er
ri
ie
en
nc
ce
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h F
Fo
or
re
ex
x r
re
ev
vi
ie
ew
ws
s,
, y
yo
ou
u m
ma
ay
y u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
d
w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h o
of
f t
th
he
es
se
e u
us
se
er
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e r
re
ea
al
l a
an
nd
d w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h n
no
ot
t.
. T
Th
he
e p
pr
ro
ob
bl
le
em
m i
is
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e
T
To
ot
ta
al
l U
Us
se
er
r R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
ou
un
nd
d i
in
n t
th
he
e i
in
nt
te
er
rn
ne
et
t t
to
od
da
ay
y i
is
s t
th
he
e A
Av
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g V
Va
al
lu
ue
e o
of
f
u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y m
ma
an
ny
y t
th
ho
ou
us
sa
an
nd
ds
s o
of
f i
in
nd
di
iv
vi
id
du
ua
al
l r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s,
, a
an
nd
d e
ev
va
al
lu
ua
at
te
e t
th
he
em
m o
on
ne
e b
by
y o
on
ne
e
i
is
s n
ne
ea
ar
rl
ly
y i
im
mp
po
os
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e a
an
nd
d n
no
ot
t a
ac
cc
cu
ur
ra
at
te
e.
. A
Ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
ll
ly
y,
, t
th
he
e n
ne
ew
w e
er
ra
a o
of
f W
We
eb
b
R
Ro
ob
bo
ot
ts
s w
wi
il
ll
l m
ma
ak
ke
e r
re
ea
al
l u
us
se
er
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s /
/ r
re
ev
vi
ie
ew
ws
s e
ev
ve
en
n m
mo
or
re
e r
ra
ar
re
e a
an
nd
d d
di
if
ff
fi
ic
cu
ul
lt
t t
to
o
f
fi
in
nd
d.
.
T
Th
he
e M
Mo
ot
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l C
Co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s f
fo
or
r M
Ma
an
ni
ip
pu
ul
la
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s
F
Fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
le
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
at
tt
tr
ra
ac
ct
t m
mo
or
re
e a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s o
on
n b
be
eh
ha
al
lf
f o
of
f a
a f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y s
so
o
t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t m
mo
ot
ti
iv
ve
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
em
m t
to
o h
hi
ir
re
e s
so
om
me
eb
bo
od
dy
y t
to
o d
do
o t
th
ha
at
t j
jo
ob
b.
. O
Of
f
c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e m
ma
an
ny
y c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s w
wo
ou
ul
ld
dn
n’
’t
t g
ge
et
t i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
ed
d w
wi
it
th
h f
fa
ak
ke
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s,
, b
bu
ut
t t
th
he
e
p
pr
ro
ob
bl
le
em
m i
is
s t
th
ha
at
t w
we
e d
do
on
n’
’t
t k
kn
no
ow
w t
th
he
es
se
e ‘
‘g
go
oo
od
d’
’ c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s.
. E
Ev
ve
en
n i
if
f w
we
e k
kn
ne
ew
w t
th
he
es
se
e
‘
‘g
go
oo
od
d’
’ c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s -
-t
th
he
ei
ir
r c
co
om
mp
pe
et
ti
it
to
or
rs
s c
co
ou
ul
ld
d s
st
ti
il
ll
l m
ma
an
ni
ip
pu
ul
la
at
te
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r o
ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s.
.
I
If
f w
we
e t
ta
ak
ke
e i
in
nt
to
o a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t a
al
ll
l t
th
he
es
se
e f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
rs
s w
we
e m
ma
ay
y c
co
on
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e t
th
ha
at
t t
th
he
e c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nt
t
s
st
ta
at
tu
us
s o
of
f t
th
he
e u
us
se
er
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l I
In
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y i
is
s n
no
ot
t a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
ta
ab
bl
le
e a
at
t a
al
ll
l,
, a
an
nd
d
s
sh
ho
ow
ws
s t
th
he
e p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l t
to
o b
be
ec
co
om
me
e e
ev
ve
en
n w
wo
or
rs
se
e i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e.
.
T
Th
he
e N
Ne
ee
ed
d f
fo
or
r a
an
n O
Ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k
T
Th
he
e s
se
er
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s i
in
nt
tr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d b
by
y T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
gC
Ce
en
nt
te
er
r.
.o
or
rg
g a
ai
im
ms
s t
to
o s
so
ol
lv
ve
e
t
th
ha
at
t p
pr
ro
ob
bl
le
em
m o
on
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d f
fo
or
r a
al
ll
l b
by
y p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g a
an
n o
ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e f
fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k o
of
f r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s.
. T
Th
hi
is
s b
br
ra
an
nd
d n
ne
ew
w w
wa
ay
y o
of
f r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g a
al
ll
lo
ow
ws
s a
ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r
t
to
o a
ad
da
ap
pt
t t
th
he
e s
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s o
of
f e
ea
ac
ch
h t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
r,
, w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
it
t i
is
s f
fo
oc
cu
us
si
in
ng
g o
on
n a
al
ll
l b
be
eg
gi
in
nn
ne
er
rs
s,
,
a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
ed
d a
an
nd
d p
pr
ro
of
fe
es
ss
si
io
on
na
al
l t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s.
. T
Th
he
e i
id
de
ea
a b
be
eh
hi
in
nd
d t
th
he
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a i
is
s
s
si
im
mp
pl
le
e w
wh
hi
il
le
e i
it
ts
s i
im
mp
pl
le
em
me
en
nt
ta
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s b
ba
as
se
ed
d o
on
n a
a 4
4-
-f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r m
ma
at
th
he
em
ma
at
ti
ic
ca
al
l m
mo
od
de
el
l.
.
E
Ea
ac
ch
h f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
ts
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t n
ne
ee
ed
d f
fo
or
r a
al
lm
mo
os
st
t a
al
ll
l t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s:
:
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 4
-
-1
1-
- S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s
-
-2
2-
- L
Lo
ow
w C
Co
os
st
t o
of
f T
Tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s
-
-3
3-
- W
Wi
id
de
e V
Va
ar
ri
ie
et
ty
y o
of
f T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s
-
-4
4-
- T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l E
Ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nc
cy
y
O
Ob
bj
je
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e:
: “
“B
Be
e S
Sa
af
fe
e,
, P
Pa
ay
y L
Lo
ow
w T
Tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n C
Co
os
st
t a
an
nd
d u
us
se
e S
St
ta
at
te
e-
-o
of
f-
-
t
th
he
e-
-A
Ar
rt
t-
-T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y”
”
T
Th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s H
Hi
is
st
to
or
ry
y
T
Th
he
e f
fi
ir
rs
st
t,
, t
th
he
e s
se
ec
co
on
nd
d a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e f
fo
ou
ur
rt
th
h v
ve
er
rs
si
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a a
ar
re
e a
ap
pp
pl
li
ie
ed
d
o
on
n F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s.
. T
Th
he
e v
ve
er
rs
si
io
on
ns
s 3
3.
.0
0 a
an
nd
d 3
3.
.5
5 a
ar
re
e a
ap
pp
pl
li
ie
ed
d o
on
n B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
y O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
n
B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s.
.
T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s t
th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s h
hi
is
st
to
or
ry
y a
an
nd
d l
li
in
nk
ks
s w
wi
it
th
h d
de
et
ta
ai
il
le
ed
d a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s:
:
►
► F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a –
–V
V.
.4
4.
.0
0 a
at
t T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
gC
Ce
en
nt
te
er
r.
.o
or
rg
g (
(i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k t
to
oo
o)
)
►
► B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
y O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
n B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a -
-V
V.
.3
3.
.5
5,
, a
at
t B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
yV
Va
al
lu
ue
e.
.c
co
om
m
►
► B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
y O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
n B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a -
-V
V.
.3
3.
.0
0,
, a
at
t B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
yV
Va
al
lu
ue
e.
.c
co
om
m
►
► F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a –
–V
V.
.2
2.
.0
0,
, a
at
t T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
gC
Ce
en
nt
te
er
r.
.o
or
rg
g
►
► F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a –
–V
V.
.1
1.
.0
0,
, a
at
t O
On
nl
li
in
ne
eF
Fo
or
re
ex
x.
.B
Bi
iz
z
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 5
(
(2
2)
) D
De
es
si
ig
gn
ni
in
ng
g t
th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0
“
“S
Se
ee
ek
ki
in
ng
g f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e P
Pe
er
rf
fe
ec
ct
t F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r”
”
T
Th
he
e C
Co
or
re
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
ec
ch
ha
an
ni
is
sm
m o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0
T
Th
he
e T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Ce
en
nt
te
er
r’
’s
s R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a i
is
s b
ba
as
se
ed
d o
on
n w
wh
ha
at
t m
ma
ak
ke
es
s a
a B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r t
th
he
e
b
be
es
st
t c
ch
ho
oi
ic
ce
e f
fo
or
r t
th
he
e a
av
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
r.
. A
A c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
n w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
t i
is
s g
gi
iv
ve
en
n i
in
n e
ea
ac
ch
h f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r
w
wh
hi
il
le
e t
th
he
e s
su
um
m i
is
s k
ke
ep
pt
t a
at
t 1
10
00
0%
% (
(m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g)
):
:
(
(1
1)
) S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s (
(2
26
6%
%)
) (
(L
Le
ev
ve
el
l o
of
f R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n,
, Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e M
Ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t,
,
H
He
ea
ad
dq
qu
ua
ar
rt
te
er
rs
s B
Ba
as
se
e e
et
tc
c)
)
(
(2
2)
) T
Tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
n C
Co
os
st
t (
(2
28
8%
%)
) (
(T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s,
, S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
ds
s o
on
n M
Ma
aj
jo
or
rs
s,
,
M
Ma
ai
in
nt
te
en
na
an
nc
ce
e F
Fe
ee
es
s e
et
tc
c)
)
(
(3
3)
) V
Va
ar
ri
ie
et
ty
y o
of
f T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s (
(2
26
6%
%)
) (
(F
Fo
or
re
ex
x A
As
ss
se
et
t I
In
nd
de
ex
x,
, F
Fu
un
nd
d M
Me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s,
,
R
Re
eb
ba
at
te
e,
, L
Le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e e
et
tc
c)
)
(
(4
4)
) T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l E
Ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nc
cy
y (
(2
20
0%
%)
) (
(P
Pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s,
, M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g,
, M
MT
T4
4,
,
A
Au
ut
to
om
ma
at
te
ed
d T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g,
, S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e e
et
tc
c)
)
H
He
er
re
e i
is
s t
th
he
e C
Co
om
mp
pl
le
et
te
e A
An
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s o
of
f a
al
ll
l t
th
he
e 4
4 f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
rs
s -
-f
fo
or
rm
mi
in
ng
g a
al
lt
to
og
ge
et
th
he
er
r a
a R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
o
of
f 1
10
00
0%
%.
.
T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g S
Si
it
te
es
s b
by
y Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m:
:
►
► F
Fo
or
re
ex
x-
-R
Re
eb
ba
at
te
es
s.
.c
co
om
m |
| ►
►W
Wh
ha
at
t-
-i
is
s-
-F
Fo
or
re
ex
x.
.c
co
om
m |
| ►
► F
Fo
or
re
ex
xA
Au
ut
to
om
ma
at
ti
ic
c.
.c
co
om
m
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 6
(
(3
3)
) S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s,
, (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
26
6%
%)
)
T
Th
he
e I
Im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nc
ce
e o
of
f R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
te
ed
d C
Co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s
A
Al
ll
l F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s (
(i
in
nv
ve
es
st
tm
me
en
nt
t f
fi
ir
rm
ms
s,
, v
ve
en
nt
tu
ur
re
e c
ca
ap
pi
it
ta
al
ls
s,
, b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s,
, d
de
ea
al
le
er
rs
s)
)
t
te
en
nd
d t
to
o a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
t m
mo
or
re
e r
ri
is
sk
k t
th
ha
an
n t
th
he
ey
y c
ca
an
n r
re
ea
al
ll
ly
y a
af
ff
fo
or
rd
d.
. T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s h
ha
ap
pp
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g w
wh
he
en
n
t
th
he
e P
Po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l P
Pr
ro
of
fi
it
t o
of
f a
a c
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
e d
de
ec
ci
is
si
io
on
n i
is
s l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r t
th
ha
an
n t
th
he
e i
in
nc
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
ed
d r
ri
is
sk
k.
.
S
So
o h
hi
is
st
to
or
ri
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y,
, f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s t
te
en
nd
d t
to
o a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
t h
hi
ig
gh
h l
le
ev
ve
el
ls
s o
of
f r
ri
is
sk
k a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t
e
ex
xp
po
os
se
es
s t
th
he
em
m t
to
o a
a h
hi
ig
gh
h p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f c
co
ol
ll
la
ap
ps
se
e.
. T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s e
ex
xa
ac
ct
tl
ly
y w
wh
ha
at
t h
ha
ap
pp
pe
en
ne
ed
d
d
du
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
cr
ri
is
si
is
s o
of
f 2
20
00
07
7-
-2
20
00
08
8 i
in
n t
th
he
e U
US
S a
an
nd
d a
af
ft
te
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e r
re
es
st
t o
of
f t
th
he
e
w
wo
or
rl
ld
d.
. B
Bu
ut
t i
if
f y
yo
ou
u a
ar
re
e a
an
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
to
or
r y
yo
ou
u d
do
on
n’
’t
t c
ca
ar
re
e a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t y
yo
ou
ur
r b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r’
’s
s p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l
p
pr
ro
of
fi
it
t,
, y
yo
ou
u o
on
nl
ly
y c
ca
ar
re
e a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e l
le
ev
ve
el
l o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ri
is
sk
k t
th
ha
at
t h
he
e t
te
en
nd
ds
s t
to
o a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
ts
s.
. R
Ri
is
sk
k
a
af
ff
fe
ec
ct
ts
s d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
tl
ly
y t
th
he
e s
sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
in
ng
g f
fu
un
nd
ds
s.
. F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s m
ma
ai
in
nt
ta
ai
in
ni
in
ng
g
t
th
he
ei
ir
r c
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
e r
ri
is
sk
k l
lo
ow
w a
an
nd
d e
en
ns
su
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f t
th
he
ei
ir
r c
cl
li
ie
en
nt
t f
fu
un
nd
ds
s a
ar
re
e r
ra
at
te
ed
d
f
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y.
. T
Th
he
e v
ve
er
rs
si
io
on
n v
v.
.4
4.
.0
0 a
al
lo
on
ng
g w
wi
it
th
h r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n,
, h
he
ea
ad
dq
qu
ua
ar
rt
te
er
rs
s b
ba
as
se
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
y
ye
ea
ar
rs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t c
co
on
ns
si
is
st
t n
ne
ew
w p
pa
ar
ra
am
me
et
te
er
rs
s s
su
uc
ch
h i
is
s t
th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f
S
Se
eg
gr
re
eg
ga
at
te
ed
d /
/ C
Cl
li
ie
en
nt
t B
Ba
an
nk
k A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s.
.
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e:
: S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s A
An
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s
1
1.
. S
SA
AF
FE
ET
TY
Y O
OF
F F
FU
UN
ND
DS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
1
1.
.1
1 R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
to
or
ry
y B
Bo
od
di
ie
es
s
F
FS
SC
C (
(B
BV
VI
I)
) =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| C
CY
YS
SE
EC
C =
=
3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| F
FF
FM
MS
S =
= 3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| R
RA
AF
FM
MM
M =
=
3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| C
CB
BI
I =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| A
AS
SI
IC
C =
=
4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| F
FS
SC
C (
(N
NZ
Z)
) =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| F
FS
SA
A
(
(U
UK
K)
) =
= 6
6.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| B
BA
AF
FI
IN
N =
= 6
6.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
N
NF
FA
A =
= 6
6.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| C
CF
FT
TC
C =
= 6
6.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
F
FI
IN
NM
MA
A =
= 8
8.
.0
0%
% |
| a
an
nd
d M
Mi
iF
FI
ID
D =
=
+
+4
4.
.0
0%
%
1
12
2.
.0
0%
%
1
1.
.2
2 H
He
ea
ad
dq
qu
ua
ar
rt
te
er
rs
s B
Ba
as
se
e
G
Ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l O
Of
ff
fs
sh
ho
or
re
e =
= 0
0%
%,
, C
Cy
yp
pr
ru
us
s,
,
I
Is
sr
ra
ae
el
l,
, L
La
at
tv
vi
ia
a =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
%,
, I
Ir
re
el
la
an
nd
d,
,
S
Sp
pa
ai
in
n,
, I
It
ta
al
ly
y,
, B
Be
el
lg
gi
iu
um
m =
= 3
3%
%,
,
C
Ca
an
na
ad
da
a,
, A
Au
us
st
tr
ra
al
li
ia
a,
, N
Ne
ew
w Z
Ze
ee
el
la
an
nd
d =
=
4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, U
US
SA
A,
, U
UK
K,
, G
Ge
er
rm
ma
an
ny
y,
,
S
Sc
ca
an
nd
di
in
na
av
vi
ia
an
n C
Co
ou
un
nt
ti
ie
es
s,
, F
Fr
ra
an
nc
ce
e,
,
S
Sw
wi
it
tz
ze
er
rl
la
an
nd
d =
= 5
5.
.0
0%
%
5
5.
.0
0%
%
1
1.
.3
3 F
Fo
ou
un
nd
da
at
ti
io
on
n (
(Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t)
)
0
0-
-1
1 Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s =
= 0
0 %
%,
, 2
2-
-5
5 Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0
%
%,
, 5
5-
-1
10
0 Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s =
= 4
4.
.0
0 %
%,
, 1
10
0+
+ Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s
=
= 5
5.
.0
0 %
%
5
5.
.0
0%
%
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 7
1
1.
. S
SA
AF
FE
ET
TY
Y O
OF
F F
FU
UN
ND
DS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
1
1.
.4
4 S
Se
eg
gr
re
eg
ga
at
te
ed
d /
/ B
Ba
an
nk
k A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s Y
Ye
es
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
%,
, N
No
o =
= 0
0.
.0
0 %
% 2
2.
.0
0%
%
1
1.
.5
5 W
We
eb
b R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s (
(U
Us
se
ed
d f
fo
or
r d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
ti
ia
at
ti
in
ng
g r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s)
)
F
Fo
or
re
ex
xP
Pe
ea
ac
ce
eA
Ar
rm
my
y R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
%,
, |
|
E
Ea
ar
rn
nF
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
%
2
2.
.0
0%
%
T
TO
OT
TA
AL
L=
= 2
26
6.
.0
0%
%
1
1.
.6
6 A
AD
DJ
JU
US
ST
TM
ME
EN
NT
TS
S
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-1
1 b
by
y k
ke
ee
ep
pi
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e O
Ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g a
at
t m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m 2
26
6
%
%
1
1.
.6
6.
.1
1 S
Si
iz
ze
e F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r
M
Mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n 1
1 M
Mi
il
ll
li
io
on
n A
Ac
ct
ti
iv
ve
e T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s
=
= +
+1
1.
.0
0 %
%,
, N
No
o =
= o
o%
%
+
+1
1.
.0
0%
%
F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-1
1 E
EX
XP
PL
LA
AN
NA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N:
:
1
1.
.1
1 R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n,
, (
(1
12
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
H
Hi
ig
gh
h r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y a
a t
tr
ru
us
st
ty
y a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ty
y c
ca
an
n r
re
ed
du
uc
ce
e t
th
he
e r
ri
is
sk
k o
of
f y
yo
ou
ur
r b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
ra
ag
ge
e
p
pa
ar
rt
tn
ne
er
r t
to
o m
mi
is
sb
be
eh
ha
av
ve
e.
. F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e i
in
n d
de
ev
ve
el
lo
op
pi
in
ng
g c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t
s
su
up
pe
er
rv
vi
is
so
or
rs
s c
co
on
nt
tr
ro
ol
l F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
ra
ag
ge
e C
Co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s a
an
nd
d i
im
mp
po
os
se
e t
th
he
em
m w
wi
it
th
h h
hi
ig
gh
h
p
pe
en
na
al
lt
ti
ie
es
s i
if
f t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e p
pr
ro
ov
ve
en
n t
to
o o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e i
in
n a
a r
ri
is
sk
ky
y o
or
r u
un
nf
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
le
e w
wa
ay
y.
.
R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n b
by
y a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ti
ie
es
s i
in
n o
of
ff
fs
sh
ho
or
re
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s o
on
n t
th
he
e o
ot
th
he
er
r h
ha
an
nd
d c
ca
an
n n
no
ot
t b
be
e
f
fu
ul
ll
ly
y t
tr
ru
us
st
te
ed
d.
. R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t i
is
ss
su
ue
e f
fo
or
r a
al
ll
l t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g s
st
ty
yl
le
es
s a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s
h
ho
ow
w i
it
t i
is
s t
tr
re
ea
at
te
ed
d b
by
y t
th
he
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a (
(1
12
2%
%)
).
.
1
1.
.2
2 H
He
ea
ad
dq
qu
ua
ar
rt
te
er
rs
s B
Ba
as
se
e,
, (
(5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ry
y w
wh
he
er
re
e a
a b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
ra
ag
ge
e c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y i
is
s b
ba
as
se
ed
d d
de
et
te
er
rm
mi
in
ne
es
s i
in
n a
a h
hi
ig
gh
h
e
ex
xt
te
en
nd
d t
th
he
e r
re
el
li
ia
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f i
it
ts
s b
ba
al
la
an
nc
ce
e s
sh
he
ee
et
t.
. F
Fe
ee
es
s a
an
nd
d p
pe
en
na
al
lt
ti
ie
es
s i
im
mp
po
os
se
ed
d b
by
y
s
su
up
pe
er
rv
vi
is
si
in
ng
g a
au
ut
th
ho
or
ri
it
ti
ie
es
s p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e a
a s
st
tr
ro
on
ng
g i
in
nc
ce
en
nt
ti
iv
ve
e f
fo
or
r F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s t
to
o o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
e
l
le
eg
gi
it
ti
im
ma
at
te
el
ly
y w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t r
ri
is
sk
ki
in
ng
g t
th
he
ei
ir
r c
cl
li
ie
en
nt
t f
fu
un
nd
ds
s.
. I
In
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
n,
, w
wh
he
en
n w
we
e r
ra
at
te
e
c
co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s a
as
s a
a h
he
ea
ad
dq
qu
ua
ar
rt
te
er
rs
s b
ba
as
se
e w
we
e t
ta
ak
ke
e i
in
nt
to
o c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
at
ti
io
on
n a
al
ls
so
o t
th
he
ei
ir
r o
ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l
m
ma
ac
cr
ro
oe
ec
co
on
no
om
mi
ic
c p
pr
ro
of
fi
il
le
e.
.
1
1.
.3
3 Y
Ye
ea
ar
rs
s i
in
n t
th
he
e M
Ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t,
, (
(5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e l
lo
on
ng
g e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a F
Fo
or
re
ex
x c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y i
in
n t
th
he
e m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t m
me
ea
an
ns
s t
th
ha
at
t t
th
hi
is
s
c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y o
op
pe
er
ra
at
te
es
s u
un
nd
de
er
r a
a s
su
uc
cc
ce
es
ss
sf
fu
ul
l b
bu
us
si
in
ne
es
ss
s m
mo
od
de
el
l a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s p
pr
ro
ov
ve
en
n
c
ca
ap
pa
ab
bl
le
e o
of
f m
ma
an
na
ag
gi
in
ng
g e
en
nt
te
er
rp
pr
ri
is
si
in
ng
g r
ri
is
sk
k o
ov
ve
er
r t
ti
im
me
e.
. T
Ti
im
me
e i
is
s i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t a
as
s
c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ns
s t
th
he
e f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l i
in
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 8
1
1.
.4
4 S
Se
eg
gr
re
eg
ga
at
te
ed
d B
Ba
an
nk
k A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s k
ke
ee
ep
pi
in
ng
g c
cl
li
ie
en
nt
t f
fu
un
nd
ds
s i
in
n s
se
eg
gr
re
eg
ga
at
te
ed
d b
ba
an
nk
k a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s a
ar
re
e w
we
el
lc
co
om
me
ed
d a
an
nd
d
a
ar
re
e r
ra
at
te
ed
d f
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y b
by
y t
th
he
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a.
. T
Tr
ra
an
ns
sp
pa
ar
re
en
nc
cy
y i
is
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t i
is
ss
su
ue
e
w
wh
he
en
n m
ma
an
ny
y t
tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s t
ta
ak
ke
e p
pl
la
ac
ce
e.
.
1
1.
.5
5 W
We
eb
b R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
hi
is
s r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g p
pa
ar
ra
am
me
et
te
er
r i
is
s u
us
se
ed
d i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
ti
ia
at
te
e t
th
he
e o
ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s.
. T
Tw
wo
o
p
po
op
pu
ul
la
ar
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e u
us
se
ed
d:
: F
Fo
or
re
ex
xP
Pe
ea
ac
ce
eA
Ar
rm
my
y r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
an
nd
d E
Ea
ar
rn
nF
Fo
or
re
ex
x r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s.
.
T
Th
he
es
se
e k
ki
in
nd
ds
s o
of
f r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y u
us
se
er
rs
s.
. S
So
om
me
et
ti
im
me
es
s u
us
se
er
r-
-r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e f
fa
ak
ke
e
a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s w
wh
hy
y t
th
hi
is
s p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
cu
ul
la
ar
r f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f j
ju
us
st
t 2
2%
% a
an
nd
d n
no
ot
t
m
mo
or
re
e.
.
T
Ti
ip
p:
: “
“D
Di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nt
ti
ia
at
ti
io
on
n i
is
s P
Po
ow
we
er
r w
wh
he
en
n y
yo
ou
ur
r I
In
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y i
is
s t
th
he
e F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
ls
s”
”
1
1.
.6
6 +
+A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s a
ar
re
e m
ma
ad
de
e i
in
n t
th
he
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
ta
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
al
ll
l t
th
he
e 4
4 f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
rs
s i
in
nc
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
ed
d i
in
n
t
th
he
e n
ne
ew
w R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v.
.4
4.
.0
0.
. N
No
ot
te
e t
th
ha
at
t e
ev
ve
en
n a
an
nd
d a
af
ft
te
er
r t
th
he
e a
ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
m
ma
ad
de
e,
, t
th
he
e F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-1
1 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g r
re
em
ma
ai
in
ns
s a
at
t a
a m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f 2
26
6%
%.
.
1
1.
.6
6.
.1
1 C
Co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y S
Si
iz
ze
e,
, (
(+
+1
1%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
I
In
n t
th
he
e c
co
om
mp
pu
ut
ta
at
ti
io
on
n o
of
f t
th
he
e F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-1
1,
, t
th
he
e a
ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t m
ma
ad
de
e c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ns
s t
th
he
e s
si
iz
ze
e o
of
f
t
th
he
e b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r.
. L
La
ar
rg
ge
e b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s t
te
en
nd
d t
to
o f
fa
al
ll
l h
ha
ar
rd
de
er
r t
th
ha
an
n o
ot
th
he
er
rs
s,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
hu
us
s t
th
ho
os
se
e
b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s w
wi
it
th
h a
a c
cl
li
ie
en
nt
t b
ba
as
se
e l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r t
th
ha
an
n 1
1 m
mi
il
ll
li
io
on
n a
ac
ct
ti
iv
ve
e t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s,
, a
ar
re
e r
ra
at
te
ed
d
f
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y.
.
N
No
ot
te
e:
: I
In
n f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e v
ve
er
rs
si
io
on
ns
s i
it
t i
is
s p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bl
le
e t
th
ha
at
t d
di
ir
re
ec
ct
t d
da
at
ta
a f
fr
ro
om
m t
th
he
e b
ba
al
la
an
nc
ce
e s
sh
he
ee
et
t
o
of
f F
Fo
or
re
ex
x b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
e e
ex
xt
tr
ra
ac
ct
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d r
ra
at
te
ed
d.
. A
An
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t m
me
ea
an
ns
s i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n
s
su
uc
ch
h i
is
s t
th
he
e a
an
nn
nu
ua
al
l p
pr
ro
of
fi
it
ta
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y a
an
nd
d /
/ o
or
r t
th
he
e e
ex
xp
po
os
su
ur
re
e i
in
n c
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
e d
de
eb
bt
t a
as
s a
a
p
pr
ro
op
po
or
rt
ti
io
on
n o
of
f a
an
nn
nu
ua
al
l r
re
ev
ve
en
nu
ue
es
s.
. F
Fo
or
r n
no
ow
w,
, w
we
e p
pr
re
ef
fe
er
r t
to
o r
ra
at
te
e o
on
nl
ly
y a
as
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s o
of
f
F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y t
th
ha
at
t o
of
ff
fe
er
r u
us
s t
th
he
e c
ch
ha
an
nc
ce
e t
to
o c
co
ol
ll
le
ec
ct
t a
al
ll
l t
th
he
e n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y d
da
at
ta
a r
re
el
li
ia
ab
bl
ly
y.
.
R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-1
1-
- E
EX
XA
AM
MP
PL
LE
ES
S
i
i)
) A
A F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r b
ba
as
se
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e U
UK
K t
th
ha
at
t w
wa
as
s f
fo
ou
un
nd
de
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e y
ye
ea
ar
r 2
20
00
00
0 a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t
i
is
s r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
te
ed
d b
by
y F
FS
SA
A a
an
nd
d B
Ba
aF
FI
IN
N,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 2
22
2.
.0
0%
%.
. N
No
ow
w,
, i
if
f t
th
hi
is
s b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r o
of
ff
fe
er
rs
s
s
se
eg
gr
re
eg
ga
at
te
ed
d b
ba
an
nk
k a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s a
an
nd
d r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s w
we
eb
b r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s o
of
f 1
1%
%,
, g
ge
et
ts
s a
an
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l
3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d T
To
ot
ta
al
l o
of
f 2
25
5.
.0
0%
%%
%.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 9
i
ii
i)
) A
A F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r b
ba
as
se
ed
d i
in
n B
Br
ri
it
ti
is
sh
h V
Vi
ir
rg
gi
in
ni
ia
a I
Is
sl
la
an
nd
ds
s t
th
ha
at
t w
wa
as
s f
fo
ou
un
nd
d i
in
n 2
20
01
10
0 a
an
nd
d
t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t i
is
s r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
te
ed
d b
by
y F
FS
SC
C (
(B
BV
VI
I)
) r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 6
6.
.0
0%
%.
. N
No
ow
w,
, i
if
f t
th
hi
is
s b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r d
do
oe
es
sn
n’
’t
t
o
of
ff
fe
er
r s
se
eg
gr
re
eg
ga
at
te
ed
d b
ba
an
nk
k a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s a
an
nd
d r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s w
we
eb
b r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s o
of
f 1
1%
%,
, i
it
t g
ge
et
ts
s a
a
G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d T
To
ot
ta
al
l o
of
f 7
7.
.0
0%
%.
.
T
Th
he
e d
di
if
ff
fe
er
re
en
nc
ce
e b
be
et
tw
we
ee
en
n t
th
he
es
se
e t
tw
wo
o b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
ra
ag
ge
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s i
is
s h
hu
ug
ge
e (
(1
18
8.
.0
0%
%)
),
, a
as
s
h
hu
ug
ge
e i
is
s t
th
he
e r
ri
is
sk
k t
th
ha
at
t y
yo
ou
u w
wi
il
ll
l a
ac
cc
ce
ep
pt
t i
if
f y
yo
ou
u c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
e b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r (
(i
ii
i)
).
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 10
(
(4
4)
) T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
os
st
t &
& S
Si
im
mi
il
la
ar
r,
, (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
28
8%
%)
)
C
Co
os
st
t o
of
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g r
re
ed
du
uc
ce
es
s t
th
he
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e f
fu
un
nd
ds
s a
an
nd
d s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d a
as
s a
a t
to
op
p
p
pr
ri
io
or
ri
it
ty
y i
is
ss
su
ue
e w
wh
he
en
n t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e.
. T
Th
he
e C
Co
os
st
t o
of
f T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r i
in
n R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 i
is
s w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
te
ed
d 2
28
8.
.0
0%
%.
. H
He
er
re
e i
is
s t
th
he
e t
ta
ab
bl
le
e w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s o
of
f
F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-2
2.
.
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e:
: F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r A
An
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s
2
2.
. T
TR
RA
AD
DI
IN
NG
G C
CO
OS
ST
T &
& S
SI
IM
MI
IL
LA
AR
R W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
2
2.
.1
1 T
Ty
yp
pi
ic
ca
al
l /
/ M
Mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n
E
EU
UR
RU
US
SD
D
E
EU
UR
R/
/U
US
SD
D S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d (
(S
Sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
<
< 0
0.
.3
3 p
pi
ip
p =
= 8
8.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 0
0.
.4
4 p
pi
ip
p =
= 7
7.
.5
5%
%,
, |
|
<
< 0
0.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 7
7.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 0
0.
.6
6 p
pi
ip
p =
= 6
6.
.5
5%
% |
|
<
< 0
0.
.7
7 p
pi
ip
p =
= 6
6.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 0
0.
.8
8 p
pi
ip
p =
= 5
5.
.5
5%
%,
, |
|
<
< 1
1.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p =
= 5
5.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 1
1.
.2
25
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 4
4.
.5
5,
, |
|
<
< 1
1.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 1
1.
.7
75
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.5
5%
%,
,
|
| >
> 2
2.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 2
2.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
%,
,
|
| <
< 3
3.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%,
,
F
Fi
il
lt
te
er
r:
: I
If
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d i
is
s m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n 5
5
p
pi
ip
ps
s t
th
he
en
n 2
2.
.1
1 &
& 2
2.
.4
4 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d t
to
o
z
ze
er
ro
o {
{0
0}
} v
va
al
lu
ue
e
8
8.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.2
2 T
Ty
yp
pi
ic
ca
al
l /
/ M
Mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n
G
GB
BP
PU
US
SD
D
G
GB
BP
P/
/U
US
SD
D S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d (
(S
Sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
<
< 1
1.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p =
= 5
5.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
<1
1.
.2
25
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
<
< 1
1.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 1
1.
.7
75
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.5
5%
%,
,
|
| <
< 2
2 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 2
2.
.2
25
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 1
1.
.5
5%
%,
, |
|
<
< 2
2.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%
5
5.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.3
3 T
Ty
yp
pi
ic
ca
al
l /
/ M
Mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n
U
US
SD
DJ
JP
PY
Y
U
US
SD
D/
/J
JP
PY
Y S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d (
(S
Sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
<
< 1
1.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
<1
1.
.2
25
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.5
5%
%,
, |
|
<
< 1
1.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
<1
1.
.7
75
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.5
5%
%,
, |
|
<
< 2
2 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| <
< 2
2.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.4
4 T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s C
Ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d
C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s (
(S
Sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
)
N
No
o C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s =
= 7
7%
% |
| C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s <
<
$
$5
5 /
/ l
lo
ot
t =
= 3
3%
% |
| C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s <
< $
$8
8 /
/ l
lo
ot
t =
=
1
1%
% |
| H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s =
= 0
0%
%
F
Fi
il
lt
te
er
r:
: H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s t
th
ha
an
n $
$2
20
0 /
/ l
lo
ot
t
w
wi
il
ll
l f
fo
or
rc
ce
e 2
2.
.1
1,
, 2
2.
.2
2,
, 2
2.
.3
3 &
& 2
2.
.4
4 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s t
to
o
z
ze
er
ro
o (
(0
0)
) v
va
al
lu
ue
e
7
7.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.5
5 D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t /
/ W
Wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s
N
No
o =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
%,
, |
| Y
Ye
es
s =
= 0
0 %
%,
, |
| 1
1-
-F
Fr
re
ee
e /
/
M
Mo
on
nt
th
h =
= 0
0.
.5
5 %
%
2
2.
.0
0%
%
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 11
2
2.
. T
TR
RA
AD
DI
IN
NG
G C
CO
OS
ST
T &
& S
SI
IM
MI
IL
LA
AR
R W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
2
2.
.6
6 M
Ma
ai
in
nt
te
en
na
an
nc
ce
e /
/ I
In
na
ac
ct
ti
iv
ve
e A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t
F
Fe
ee
es
s
N
No
o =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
%,
, |
| Y
Ye
es
s =
= 0
0 %
% 2
2.
.0
0%
%
T
TO
OT
TA
AL
L=
= 2
28
8.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.7
7 A
AD
DJ
JU
US
ST
TM
ME
EN
NT
TS
S
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-2
2 b
by
y k
ke
ee
ep
pi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e
O
Ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g a
at
t m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m 2
28
8.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.7
7.
.1
1 E
Ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n
E
EC
CN
N =
= +
+2
2.
.0
0 %
% /
/ S
ST
TP
P =
= +
+1
1.
.5
5 %
% |
| M
Ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t
M
Ma
ak
ke
er
rs
s =
= +
+0
0.
.0
0%
%
+
+2
2.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.7
7.
.2
2 S
SW
WA
AP
P C
Ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
es
s F
Fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e V
Ve
er
rs
si
io
on
ns
s +
+
F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-2
2 E
EX
XP
PL
LA
AN
NA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N:
:
2
2.
.1
1 –
– 2
2.
.2
2 -
- 2
2.
.3
3 T
Ty
yp
pi
ic
ca
al
l /
/ M
Mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n E
EU
UR
R/
/U
US
SD
D,
,
G
GP
PB
B/
/U
US
SD
D a
an
nd
d U
US
SD
D/
/J
JP
PY
Y (
(1
17
7%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
os
st
t i
is
s v
ve
er
ry
y c
cr
ru
uc
ci
ia
al
l f
fo
or
r e
ev
ve
er
ry
y t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g s
st
ty
yl
le
e.
. F
Fo
or
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
si
iz
ze
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d,
, t
th
he
e m
mo
os
st
t p
po
op
pu
ul
la
ar
r F
Fo
or
re
ex
x c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
ci
ie
es
s a
ar
re
e u
us
se
ed
d:
: E
EU
UR
R/
/U
US
SD
D,
, G
GP
PB
B/
/U
US
SD
D a
an
nd
d
U
US
SD
D/
/J
JP
PY
Y.
. T
Th
he
es
se
e 3
3 p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s e
en
nj
jo
oy
y t
th
he
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
es
st
t l
li
iq
qu
ui
id
di
it
ty
y i
in
n t
th
he
e m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t a
an
nd
d o
of
ff
fe
er
r b
by
y
f
fa
ar
r t
th
he
e b
be
es
st
t t
te
er
rm
ms
s o
of
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g.
. I
If
f a
a b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r i
is
s e
ex
xp
pe
en
ns
si
iv
ve
e o
on
n t
th
ho
os
se
e 3
3 p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s h
he
e w
wi
il
ll
l
b
be
e p
pr
ro
ob
ba
ab
bl
ly
y e
ex
xp
pe
en
ns
si
iv
ve
e i
in
n h
hi
is
s w
wh
ho
ol
le
e a
as
ss
se
et
t i
in
nd
de
ex
x.
. T
To
o m
ma
ak
ke
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s m
mo
or
re
e r
re
el
li
ia
ab
bl
le
e
a
an
nd
d m
mo
or
re
e c
co
om
mp
pa
ar
ra
ab
bl
le
e w
we
e p
pr
re
ef
fe
er
r t
to
o u
us
se
e a
as
s i
in
np
pu
ut
ts
s F
Fi
ix
xe
ed
d S
Sp
pr
re
ea
ad
ds
s w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t
C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s (
(w
wh
he
en
n a
an
nd
d i
if
f t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e b
by
y F
Fo
or
re
ex
x b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s)
).
.
F
Fi
il
lt
te
er
r:
: A
A f
fi
il
lt
te
er
r w
wa
as
s a
ad
dd
de
ed
d o
on
n 2
2.
.1
1
I
If
f t
th
he
e t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d e
ex
xc
ce
ee
ed
ds
s 5
5.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
ps
s t
th
he
en
n a
au
ut
to
om
ma
at
ti
ic
ca
al
ll
ly
y t
th
he
e 2
2.
.2
2 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g h
ha
as
s
a
al
ls
so
o a
a z
ze
er
ro
o (
(0
0)
) v
va
al
lu
ue
e.
. T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s h
ha
ap
pp
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e a
a v
ve
er
ry
y h
hi
ig
gh
h s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d e
el
li
im
mi
in
na
at
te
es
s
t
th
he
e a
ad
dv
va
an
nt
ta
ag
ge
e o
of
f n
no
ot
t c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s.
.
2
2.
.4
4 C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s C
Ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d,
, (
(7
7%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
S
So
om
me
e B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
e t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s,
, s
so
om
me
e d
do
on
n’
’t
t.
. B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s t
th
ha
at
t a
ar
re
e
c
ch
ha
ar
rg
gi
in
ng
g l
lo
ow
w c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s a
ar
re
e r
ra
at
te
ed
d b
be
en
ne
ef
fi
ic
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y.
. I
In
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
n,
, w
wh
he
en
n m
me
ea
as
su
ur
ri
in
ng
g
c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d w
we
e c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
e t
th
he
e e
ex
xa
ac
ct
t s
sa
am
me
e a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t t
ty
yp
pe
e a
as
s w
wh
he
en
n
m
me
ea
as
su
ur
ri
in
ng
g t
th
he
e s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d i
in
n 2
2.
.1
1,
, 2
2.
.2
2 a
an
nd
d 2
2.
.3
3 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s.
.
F
Fi
il
lt
te
er
r:
: A
A f
fi
il
lt
te
er
r w
wa
as
s a
ad
dd
de
ed
d o
on
n 2
2.
.4
4
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 12
I
If
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
on
n 2
2.
.4
4 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g a
ar
re
e v
ve
er
ry
y h
hi
ig
gh
h {
{m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n $
$2
20
0/
/l
lo
ot
t t
tr
ra
ad
de
ed
d}
}
t
th
he
en
n t
th
he
e 2
2.
.1
1,
, 2
2.
.2
2 a
an
nd
d 2
2.
.3
3 r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s a
ar
re
e f
fo
or
rc
ce
ed
d t
to
o z
ze
er
ro
o (
(0
0)
) v
va
al
lu
ue
es
s.
. T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s
h
ha
ap
pp
pe
en
ni
in
ng
g b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e v
ve
er
ry
y h
hi
ig
gh
h c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s a
ar
re
e e
el
li
im
mi
in
na
at
ti
in
ng
g t
th
he
e a
ad
dv
va
an
nt
ta
ag
ge
e o
of
f
l
lo
ow
w o
or
r e
ev
ve
en
n z
ze
er
ro
o s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
ds
s t
th
ha
at
t a
a F
Fo
or
re
ex
x b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r m
ma
ay
y o
of
ff
fe
er
r.
.
2
2.
.5
5 D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t /
/ W
Wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l F
Fe
ee
es
s a
an
nd
d C
Co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-
R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
W
Wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l a
an
nd
d D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s a
ar
re
e r
re
ed
du
uc
ci
in
ng
g t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g f
fu
un
nd
ds
s a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s
w
wh
hy
y t
th
he
ey
y a
ar
re
e c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d a
as
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t i
is
ss
su
ue
e.
. W
We
e d
do
on
n’
’t
t l
li
ik
ke
e d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t /
/
w
wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s s
so
o w
we
e r
ra
at
te
e t
th
he
em
m u
un
nf
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y.
.
2
2.
.6
6 M
Ma
ai
in
nt
te
en
na
an
nc
ce
e /
/ I
In
na
ac
ct
ti
iv
ve
e A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t F
Fe
ee
es
s,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
S
So
om
me
e b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s a
ar
re
e c
ch
ha
ar
rg
gi
in
ng
g f
fe
ee
es
s f
fo
or
r m
ma
ai
in
nt
te
en
na
an
nc
ce
e a
an
nd
d c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s f
fo
or
r i
in
na
ac
ct
ti
iv
ve
e
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s.
. T
Th
hi
is
s m
me
ea
an
ns
s e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a c
co
os
st
t f
fo
or
r t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s.
.
2
2.
.7
7 +
+A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s
2
2.
.7
7.
.1
1 E
Ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n,
, (
(+
+2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
T
Th
he
e t
ty
yp
pe
e o
of
f e
ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n i
is
s v
ve
er
ry
y c
cr
ru
uc
ci
ia
al
l a
as
s i
it
t a
af
ff
fe
ec
ct
ts
s s
sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e s
si
iz
ze
e o
of
f t
th
he
e
s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d.
. E
EC
CN
N b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s a
ar
re
e u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y o
of
ff
fe
er
r t
th
he
e b
be
es
st
t t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g t
te
er
rm
ms
s b
bu
ut
t S
ST
TP
P b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s
a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t b
ba
ad
d a
al
ls
so
o.
.
2
2.
.7
7.
.2
2 S
SW
WA
AP
P V
Va
al
lu
ue
es
s
T
Th
he
e l
le
ev
ve
el
l o
of
f S
SW
WA
AP
P c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
ed
d b
by
y a
a b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r a
af
ff
fe
ec
ct
ts
s m
ma
ai
in
nl
ly
y S
SW
WI
IN
NG
G a
an
nd
d P
Po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n
T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s.
. T
Th
hi
is
s f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r i
is
s d
di
if
ff
fi
ic
cu
ul
lt
t t
to
o b
be
e m
me
ea
as
su
ur
re
ed
d a
an
nd
d i
it
t w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
e u
us
se
ed
d o
on
nl
ly
y i
in
n
f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e v
ve
er
rs
si
io
on
ns
s o
of
f t
th
he
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g f
fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a.
.
R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-2
2-
- E
EX
XA
AM
MP
PL
LE
ES
S
i
i)
) A
An
n E
EC
CN
N F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r w
wh
ho
o p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s 2
2 p
pi
ip
ps
s s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n E
EU
UR
R/
/U
US
SD
D,
, 3
3 p
pi
ip
ps
s
s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n G
GB
BP
P/
/U
US
SD
D a
an
nd
d 3
3 p
pi
ip
ps
s s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n U
US
SD
D/
/J
JP
PY
Y b
by
y n
no
ot
t c
ch
ha
ar
rg
gi
in
ng
g
c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s o
or
r a
an
ny
y k
ki
in
nd
d o
of
f f
fe
ee
es
s r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 1
16
6.
.0
0%
% r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g.
.
i
ii
i)
) A
A M
Ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t M
Ma
ak
ke
er
r F
Fo
or
re
ex
x C
Co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s 2
2 p
pi
ip
ps
s s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n E
EU
UR
R/
/U
US
SD
D,
,
3
3 p
pi
ip
ps
s s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n G
GB
BP
P/
/U
US
SD
D a
an
nd
d 3
3 p
pi
ip
ps
s s
sp
pr
re
ea
ad
d o
on
n U
US
SD
D/
/J
JP
PY
Y b
by
y c
ch
ha
ar
rg
gi
in
ng
g h
hi
ig
gh
h
t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s p
pl
lu
us
s r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 3
3.
.0
0%
%.
. I
If
f t
th
hi
is
s b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s c
ch
ha
ar
rg
ge
es
s w
wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l
f
fe
ee
es
s b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t m
ma
ai
in
nt
te
en
na
an
nc
ce
e c
co
om
mm
mi
is
ss
si
io
on
ns
s,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a 2
2.
.0
0%
% r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g.
. G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d
T
To
ot
ta
al
l =
= 5
5%
%.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 13
(
(5
5)
) T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t 2
26
6%
%)
)
T
Th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f s
su
uf
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g o
op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s i
is
s a
al
ls
so
o a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t i
is
ss
su
ue
e f
fo
or
r
e
ev
ve
er
ry
yo
on
ne
e w
wh
ho
o i
is
s t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e.
. M
Mo
or
re
e T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s m
me
ea
an
ns
s m
mo
or
re
e
o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s,
, a
an
nd
d o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s w
wh
he
en
n i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ti
in
ng
g o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e r
re
ea
al
ll
ly
y m
ma
at
tt
te
er
r.
.
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e:
: T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s
3
3.
. T
TR
RA
AD
DI
IN
NG
G O
OP
PT
TI
IO
ON
NS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
3
3.
.1
1 A
Av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f F
Fo
or
re
ex
x A
As
ss
se
et
ts
s
4
45
5+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 8
8.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
4
40
0+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 7
7.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
3
35
5+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 6
6.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
3
30
0+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 5
5.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
2
25
5+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
2
20
0+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 3
3.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
1
15
5+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
1
10
0+
+ C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
L
Le
es
ss
s t
th
ha
an
n 1
10
0 p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s =
= 0
0%
%
8
8.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.2
2 C
CF
FD
D T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g /
/ S
Sp
po
ot
t M
Me
et
ta
al
ls
s
C
CF
FD
D T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
% |
| O
On
nl
ly
y
S
Sp
po
ot
t =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
% |
| N
No
ot
th
hi
in
ng
g =
= 0
0%
%
2
2.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.3
3 D
De
em
mo
o /
/ P
Pr
ra
ac
ct
ti
ic
ce
e A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t Y
Ye
es
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
%,
, N
No
o =
= 0
0.
.0
0 %
% 2
2.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.4
4 L
Le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e
L
Le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e R
Ra
at
te
e (
(H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r o
or
r
E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
>
>1
10
00
0:
:1
1 =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
%,
, |
| >
> 7
75
5:
:1
1
=
=1
1.
.5
5%
%,
, >
>5
50
0:
:1
1 =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%
2
2.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.5
5 B
Bo
on
nu
us
s /
/ R
Re
eb
ba
at
te
e
■
■ B
Bo
on
nu
us
s (
(H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
>
>5
50
0%
% =
= 6
6%
%,
, |
| >
>4
40
0%
% =
= 5
5%
%,
, |
|
>
>3
30
0%
% =
= 4
4%
%,
, |
| >
>2
20
0%
% =
= 3
3%
%,
, |
|
>
>1
15
5%
% =
= 2
2%
%,
, |
| >
>1
10
0%
% =
= 1
1%
%
■
■ R
Re
eb
ba
at
te
e (
(H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
>
>3
30
0%
% =
= 6
6%
%,
, |
| >
>2
25
5%
% =
= 5
5%
%,
, |
|
>
>2
20
0%
% =
= 4
4%
%,
, |
| >
>1
15
5%
% =
= 3
3%
%,
, |
|
>
>1
10
0%
% =
= 2
2%
%,
, |
| >
>5
5%
% =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%
6
6.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.6
6 M
Mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t
(
(S
Sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
M
Mi
in
n D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t <
< $
$5
50
00
0 =
= +
+1
1%
%,
, |
|
M
Mi
in
n D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t <
< $
$1
1,
,0
00
00
0 =
= +
+0
0.
.5
5%
%
1
1.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.7
7 D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t M
Me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s
F
Fo
or
r e
ea
ac
ch
h d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t m
me
et
th
ho
od
d
a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e =
= 0
0,
,5
5%
%,
, m
ma
ax
x =
= 5
5
m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s
2
2.
.5
5%
%
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 14
3
3.
. T
TR
RA
AD
DI
IN
NG
G O
OP
PT
TI
IO
ON
NS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
3
3.
.8
8 W
Wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l M
Me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s
F
Fo
or
r e
ea
ac
ch
h w
wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l m
me
et
th
ho
od
d
a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e =
= 0
0,
,5
5%
%,
, m
ma
ax
x =
= 5
5
m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s
2
2.
.5
5%
%
T
TO
OT
TA
AL
L=
= 2
26
6.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.9
9 A
AD
DJ
JU
US
ST
TM
ME
EN
NT
TS
S
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
ti
in
ng
g F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-3
3 b
by
y k
ke
ee
ep
pi
in
ng
g
t
th
he
e O
Ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g 2
26
6.
.0
0 %
%
3
3.
.9
9.
.1
1 M
Mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n 1
10
00
0 C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s Y
Ye
es
s =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
% /
/ N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
% +
+1
1.
.0
0%
%
3
3.
.9
9.
.2
2 I
In
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t o
on
n D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
te
ed
d F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s Y
Ye
es
s =
= 0
0.
.5
50
0 %
%,
, N
No
o =
= 0
0.
.0
0 %
% +
+0
0.
.5
50
0%
%
3
3.
.9
9.
.3
3 T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
om
mp
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ns
s /
/
C
Ch
ha
am
mp
pi
io
on
ns
sh
hi
ip
ps
s
Y
Ye
es
s =
= 0
0.
.2
25
5 %
% /
/ N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
% +
+0
0.
.2
25
5%
%
F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-3
3 E
EX
XP
PL
LA
AN
NA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N:
:
3
3.
.1
1 A
Av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y P
Pa
ai
ir
rs
s,
, (
(8
8%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r t
th
he
e n
nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e,
, t
th
he
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r t
th
he
e p
po
ot
te
en
nt
ti
ia
al
l f
fo
or
r
t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s t
to
o e
ex
xp
pl
lo
oi
it
t t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g o
op
pp
po
or
rt
tu
un
ni
it
ti
ie
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
e F
Fo
or
re
ex
x M
Ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t.
. T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s v
va
al
li
id
d f
fo
or
r a
al
ll
l
t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g s
st
ty
yl
le
es
s.
.
3
3.
.2
2 C
CF
FD
D a
an
nd
d S
Sp
po
ot
t M
Me
et
ta
al
ls
s T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e,
, t
th
he
e w
wi
id
de
er
r t
th
he
e v
va
ar
ri
ie
et
ty
y o
of
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g a
as
ss
se
et
ts
s a
an
nd
d t
to
oo
ol
ls
s (
(C
CF
FD
D t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g
e
et
tc
c)
) i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
es
s a
a F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ny
y t
th
ha
at
t t
tr
ri
ie
es
s t
to
od
da
ay
y t
to
o e
ex
xp
pa
an
nd
d i
it
ts
s s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s
a
an
nd
d a
ad
da
ap
pt
t o
on
n m
mo
or
re
e c
cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s.
.
3
3.
.3
3 D
De
em
mo
o /
/ P
Pr
ra
ac
ct
ti
ic
ce
e A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f D
De
em
mo
o A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s h
he
el
lp
ps
s t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e t
th
he
e r
ri
ig
gh
ht
t c
ch
ho
oi
ic
ce
es
s
w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t l
lo
oo
os
si
in
ng
g p
pr
re
ec
ci
io
ou
us
s t
ti
im
me
e.
. E
Ev
ve
er
ry
y F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r t
th
ha
at
t r
re
es
sp
pe
ec
ct
ts
s h
hi
im
ms
se
el
lf
f m
mu
us
st
t
o
of
ff
fe
er
r a
a d
de
em
mo
o a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t.
.
3
3.
.4
4 L
Le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e m
ma
ag
gn
ni
it
tu
ud
de
e o
of
f t
th
he
e c
ca
ap
pi
it
ta
al
l l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e a
ad
dd
ds
s e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a c
ca
ap
pa
ab
bi
il
li
it
ti
ie
es
s t
to
o F
Fo
or
re
ex
x t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s
a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s w
wh
hy
y i
it
t i
is
s c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
re
ed
d a
as
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t p
pa
ar
ra
am
me
et
te
er
r o
of
f q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y F
Fo
or
re
ex
x
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 15
b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
ra
ag
ge
e.
. O
Of
f c
co
ou
ur
rs
se
e h
hi
ig
gh
h l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e m
me
ea
an
ns
s h
hi
ig
gh
h r
ri
is
sk
k t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s w
wh
hy
y w
we
e r
ra
at
te
e
m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s o
of
ff
fe
er
ri
in
ng
g l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e o
of
f 1
10
00
0:
:1
1.
. H
Hi
ig
gh
he
er
r l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e t
th
ha
an
n t
th
ha
at
t,
,
s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d b
be
e b
be
et
tt
te
er
r a
av
vo
oi
id
de
ed
d.
.
3
3.
.5
5 B
Bo
on
nu
us
s /
/ R
Re
eb
ba
at
te
e,
, (
(6
6%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e h
hi
ig
gh
he
er
r t
th
he
e b
bo
on
nu
us
s o
or
r r
re
eb
ba
at
te
e o
of
ff
fe
er
re
ed
d,
, t
th
he
e l
la
ar
rg
ge
er
r t
th
he
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e f
fu
un
nd
ds
s.
. W
We
e
r
ra
at
te
e t
th
he
em
m t
th
he
e s
sa
am
me
e b
bu
ut
t r
re
eb
ba
at
te
es
s i
is
s t
th
he
e c
ch
ho
oi
ic
ce
e o
of
f p
pr
ro
o F
Fo
or
re
ex
x t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s.
.
3
3.
.6
6 M
Mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t,
, (
(1
1%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e s
sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r t
th
he
e m
mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t t
th
he
e e
ea
as
si
ie
er
r a
a t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
r c
ca
an
n ‘
‘t
te
es
st
t’
’ a
a F
Fo
or
re
ex
x b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r
o
on
n r
re
ea
al
l c
co
on
nd
di
it
ti
io
on
ns
s.
.
3
3.
.7
7 N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t M
Me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s,
, (
(2
2.
.5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e w
wi
id
de
er
r t
th
he
e v
va
ar
ri
ie
et
ty
y o
of
f D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
t M
Me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s t
th
he
e m
mo
or
re
e s
su
ui
it
ta
ab
bl
le
e a
a b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r b
be
ec
co
om
me
es
s
t
to
o h
hi
is
s c
cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r n
ne
ee
ed
ds
s.
. T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s w
wh
ho
o a
ar
re
e a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o f
fu
un
nd
d t
th
he
ei
ir
r a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s w
wi
it
th
h t
th
he
ei
ir
r
c
cu
us
st
to
om
m m
me
et
th
ho
od
d s
sa
av
ve
e p
pr
re
ec
ci
io
ou
us
s t
ti
im
me
e.
.
3
3.
.8
8 N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f W
Wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l M
Me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s,
, (
(2
2.
.5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
V
Va
ar
ri
ie
et
ty
y o
of
f w
wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wi
in
ng
g m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s i
is
s o
of
f e
eq
qu
ua
al
l i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nc
ce
e.
.
3
3.
.9
9 +
+A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s
3
3.
.9
9.
.1
1 M
Mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n 1
10
00
0 C
Cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s (
(+
+1
1%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s w
wh
ho
o a
ar
re
e a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o o
of
ff
fe
er
r s
su
uc
ch
h a
an
n e
ex
xt
te
en
ns
si
iv
ve
e c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
cy
y i
in
nd
de
ex
x a
ar
re
e r
ra
at
te
ed
d
f
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y,
, b
bu
ut
t i
in
n r
re
ea
al
li
it
ty
y o
on
nl
ly
y a
a f
fe
ew
w b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s a
ar
re
e a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o o
of
ff
fe
er
r m
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
an
n 1
10
00
0
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s.
.
3
3.
.9
9.
.2
2 I
In
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t o
on
n D
De
ep
po
os
si
it
te
ed
d F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s,
, (
(+
+0
0.
.5
50
0%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
T
Th
hi
is
s i
is
s a
a v
ve
er
ry
y i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
ti
in
ng
g a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t o
op
pt
ti
io
on
n t
th
ha
at
t u
un
nf
fo
or
rt
tu
un
na
at
te
el
ly
y i
is
s o
of
ff
fe
er
re
ed
d b
by
y o
on
nl
ly
y
a
a f
fe
ew
w F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 16
3
3.
.9
9.
.3
3 E
Ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
om
mp
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
ns
s /
/ C
Ch
ha
am
mp
pi
io
on
ns
sh
hi
ip
ps
s,
, (
(+
+0
0.
.2
25
5%
%)
)
-
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
A
A t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g c
co
om
mp
pe
et
ti
it
ti
io
on
n (
(R
Re
ea
al
l /
/ D
De
em
mo
o)
) c
ca
an
n p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
e e
ea
as
sy
y m
mo
on
ne
ey
y f
fo
or
r t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s,
, b
bu
ut
t
o
on
nl
ly
y a
a f
fe
ew
w t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s a
ac
ct
tu
ua
al
ll
ly
y p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
te
e s
so
o t
th
he
e r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r
r
re
em
ma
ai
in
ns
s v
ve
er
ry
y l
lo
ow
w (
(+
+0
0.
.2
25
5%
%)
)
R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-3
3-
- E
EX
XA
AM
MP
PL
LE
ES
S
i
i)
) A
A F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g 5
50
0 F
Fo
or
re
ex
x p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s,
, p
pl
lu
us
s C
CF
FD
D t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d a
a d
de
em
mo
o
a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 1
12
2%
%.
. N
No
ow
w,
, i
if
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e a
at
t 5
50
0:
:1
1 a
an
nd
d a
a
d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t b
bo
on
nu
us
s o
of
f 3
30
0%
% r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a 5
5%
%.
. I
If
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s 4
4 d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t
a
an
nd
d 4
4 w
wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s a
an
nd
d m
mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t o
of
f $
$1
1,
,5
50
00
0,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n
a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l 4
4%
%.
. A
An
nd
d a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s m
ma
ad
de
e,
, i
if
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r o
of
ff
fe
er
rs
s a
a
t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g c
ch
ha
am
mp
pi
io
on
ns
sh
hi
ip
p b
bu
ut
t n
no
o i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t a
at
t f
fu
un
nd
ds
s,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l 0
0.
.2
25
5%
%
r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g.
. G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d T
To
ot
ta
al
l r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
f 2
21
1.
.2
25
5%
%.
.
i
ii
i)
) A
A F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g 1
12
2 F
Fo
or
re
ex
x p
pa
ai
ir
rs
s,
, w
wi
it
th
ho
ou
ut
t C
CF
FD
D t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g b
bu
ut
t w
wi
it
th
h a
a
d
de
em
mo
o a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
t,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 3
3%
%.
. I
If
f i
it
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
e a
at
t 1
10
00
0:
:1
1 a
an
nd
d a
a d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t
b
bo
on
nu
us
s o
of
f 4
40
0%
% r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 7
7%
%.
. I
If
f 2
2 d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t a
an
nd
d 2
2 w
wi
it
th
hd
dr
ra
aw
wa
al
l m
me
et
th
ho
od
ds
s a
ar
re
e
a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e m
mi
in
ni
im
mu
um
m d
de
ep
po
os
si
it
t i
is
s $
$1
10
00
0,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
na
al
l 3
3%
%.
. A
An
nd
d
a
ac
cc
co
or
rd
di
in
ng
g t
to
o t
th
he
e a
ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s m
ma
ad
de
e,
, i
if
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r o
of
ff
fe
er
rs
s n
no
o c
co
on
nt
te
es
st
ts
s a
an
nd
d n
no
o
i
in
nt
te
er
re
es
st
t o
on
n f
fu
un
nd
ds
s,
, r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s n
no
o e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g.
. G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d T
To
ot
ta
al
l r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g o
of
f 1
13
3.
.0
00
0%
%.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 17
(
(6
6)
) T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y &
& I
In
nn
no
ov
va
at
ti
io
on
n,
, (
(W
We
ei
ig
gh
ht
t
2
20
0%
%)
)
T
Th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l e
ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g e
en
nv
vi
ir
ro
on
nm
me
en
nt
t i
is
s c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
nl
ly
y a
a
c
cr
ru
uc
ci
ia
al
l i
is
ss
su
ue
e w
wh
he
en
n t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
re
ex
x o
on
nl
li
in
ne
e.
. E
Ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nt
t t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y m
ma
ak
ke
es
s t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g
m
mo
or
re
e e
en
nj
jo
oy
ya
ab
bl
le
e a
an
nd
d m
mo
or
re
e p
pr
ro
of
fi
it
ta
ab
bl
le
e,
, e
es
sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
ll
ly
y a
as
s c
co
on
nc
ce
er
rn
ns
s i
in
nt
tr
ra
ad
da
ay
y t
tr
ra
ad
de
es
s.
.
F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e,
, a
a b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r t
th
ha
at
t i
in
nv
ve
es
st
ts
s t
to
od
da
ay
y t
to
o m
ma
ak
ke
e h
hi
is
s s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s m
mo
or
re
e
t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l a
ad
dv
va
an
nc
ce
ed
d m
me
ea
an
ns
s a
a b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r w
wi
it
th
h a
a l
lo
on
ng
g-
-t
te
er
rm
m p
pe
er
rs
sp
pe
ec
ct
ti
iv
ve
e a
an
nd
d a
a
c
cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r-
-o
or
ri
ie
en
nt
te
ed
d b
bu
us
si
in
ne
es
ss
s p
ph
hi
il
lo
os
so
op
ph
hy
y.
.
T
Ta
ab
bl
le
e:
: T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l E
Ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nc
cy
y &
& I
In
nn
no
ov
va
at
ti
io
on
n
4
4.
. T
TE
EC
CH
HN
NO
OL
LO
OG
GY
Y W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
4
4.
.1
1 N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f A
Av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e P
Pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s
E
Ea
ac
ch
h S
Su
up
pp
po
or
rt
te
ed
d P
Pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
m =
=
1
1.
.0
0%
%,
, m
ma
ax
x =
= 5
5 p
pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s
5
5.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.2
2 S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e o
on
n E
Ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n (
(S
Sm
ma
al
ll
le
er
r
o
or
r E
Eq
qu
ua
al
l)
):
:
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 0
0.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 4
4.
.0
0%
% |
|
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 0
0.
.7
75
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.5
5%
% |
|
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 1
1 p
pi
ip
p =
= 3
3.
.0
0%
% |
|
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 1
1.
.2
25
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.5
5%
% |
|
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 1
1.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 2
2.
.0
0%
% |
|
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 1
1.
.7
75
5 p
pi
ip
p =
= 1
1.
.5
5%
% |
|
S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e <
< 2
2.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.3
3 A
Au
ut
to
om
ma
at
te
ed
d T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g (
(E
Ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t
A
Ad
dv
vi
is
so
or
rs
s)
)
Y
Ye
es
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
% /
/ N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
% 2
2.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.4
4 M
MT
T4
4 /
/ M
MT
T5
5 A
Av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y Y
Ye
es
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
% /
/ N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
% 2
2.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.5
5 M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g
E
Ea
ac
ch
h S
Su
up
pp
po
or
rt
te
ed
d D
De
ev
vi
ic
ce
e =
= 0
0.
.5
50
0
%
% (
(i
iP
Ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, i
iP
Pa
ad
d,
, A
An
nd
dr
ro
oi
id
d,
,
W
Wi
in
nd
do
ow
ws
s M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e,
, B
Bl
la
ac
ck
kb
be
er
rr
ry
y)
),
,
m
ma
ax
x =
= 4
4 d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
es
s
*
* S
Sp
pe
ec
ci
ia
al
l H
HT
TM
ML
L5
5 A
Ap
pp
ps
s t
th
ha
at
t a
ar
re
e
c
co
ov
ve
er
ri
in
ng
g a
al
ll
l d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
es
s =
= 2
2.
.0
0 %
%
2
2.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.6
6 S
Sc
ca
al
lp
pi
in
ng
g /
/ H
He
ed
dg
gi
in
ng
g
Y
Ye
es
s b
bo
ot
th
h =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
% |
| Y
Ye
es
s o
on
nl
ly
y
H
He
ed
dg
gi
in
ng
g o
or
r S
Sc
ca
al
lp
pi
in
ng
g =
= 0
0.
.5
5%
% |
|
N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
%
1
1.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.7
7 C
Cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r S
Se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e
2
24
4/
/7
7 =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
%,
, |
| 2
24
4/
/6
6 =
= 0
0.
.5
5 %
%,
,
|
| 2
24
4/
/5
5 =
= 0
0 %
%,
, |
| e
em
ma
ai
il
l =
= 1
1.
.0
0%
%,
, |
|
4
4.
.0
0%
%
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 18
4
4.
. T
TE
EC
CH
HN
NO
OL
LO
OG
GY
Y W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HI
IN
NG
G A
AN
NA
AL
LY
YS
SI
IS
S W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
P
Ph
ho
on
ne
e =
= 1
1.
.0
0 %
%.
. |
| L
Li
iv
ve
e C
Ch
ha
at
t =
=
1
1.
.0
0 %
%,
, |
| S
Sk
ky
yp
pe
e =
= 0
0.
.5
5 %
%,
, |
| C
Ca
al
ll
l-
-
B
Ba
ac
ck
k =
= 0
0.
.5
5 %
%
T
TO
OT
TA
AL
L=
= 2
20
0.
.0
0%
%
4
4.
.8
8 A
AD
DJ
JU
US
ST
TM
ME
EN
NT
TS
S
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t o
of
f F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-4
4 b
by
y
k
ke
ee
ep
pi
in
ng
g t
th
he
e O
Ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g a
at
t
m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m 2
20
0.
.0
0 %
%
4
4.
.8
8.
.1
1 P
PA
AM
MM
M M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s
P
PA
AM
MM
M =
= 0
0.
.5
5 %
% /
/ S
Si
im
mp
pl
le
e
M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d =
= 0
0.
.2
25
5%
%,
, N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
%
+
+0
0.
.5
5%
%
4
4.
.8
8.
.2
2 A
AP
PI
I T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g Y
Ye
es
s =
= 0
0.
.5
5 %
% /
/ N
No
o =
= 0
0 %
% +
+0
0.
.5
5%
%
F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-4
4 E
EX
XP
PL
LA
AN
NA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N:
:
4
4.
.1
1 N
Nu
um
mb
be
er
r o
of
f A
Av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bl
le
e P
Pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s,
, (
(5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
A
A w
wi
id
de
e v
va
ar
ri
ie
et
ty
y o
of
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g p
pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s w
wi
it
th
h m
mo
or
re
e o
op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s.
.
4
4.
.2
2 S
Sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e,
, (
(4
4%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
E
Ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n d
de
el
la
ay
ys
s a
an
nd
d r
re
e-
-q
qu
uo
ot
te
es
s a
ar
re
e c
ce
er
rt
ta
ai
in
nl
ly
y s
so
om
me
e o
of
f t
th
he
e w
wo
or
rs
st
t e
en
ne
em
mi
ie
es
s o
of
f
S
Sh
ho
or
rt
t-
-T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s.
. F
Fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e,
, P
Po
os
si
it
ti
io
on
n a
an
nd
d S
Sw
wi
in
ng
g T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s c
ca
an
n a
al
ls
so
o b
be
e h
ha
ar
rm
me
ed
d
b
by
y e
ex
xe
ec
cu
ut
ti
io
on
n d
de
el
la
ay
ys
s.
. S
So
om
me
eo
on
ne
e w
wh
ho
o t
tr
ra
ad
de
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
e l
lo
on
ng
g-
-r
ru
un
n h
ha
as
s t
to
o e
en
nt
te
er
r i
in
n t
th
he
e
s
sh
ho
or
rt
t-
-r
ru
un
n.
. T
Th
he
e t
ti
im
mi
in
ng
g o
of
f t
th
ha
at
t e
en
nt
tr
ra
an
nc
ce
e u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y o
oc
cc
cu
ur
rs
s a
af
ft
te
er
r s
so
om
me
e i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t
n
ne
ew
ws
s h
ha
av
ve
e ‘
‘t
tr
ri
ig
gg
ge
er
re
ed
d’
’ a
a t
tr
ra
ad
de
e.
. E
Ex
xa
ac
ct
tl
ly
y a
at
t t
th
ha
at
t t
ti
im
me
e,
, h
hi
ig
gh
h s
sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e a
an
nd
d d
de
el
la
ay
ys
s
c
ca
an
n l
le
ea
ad
d s
sw
wi
in
ng
g-
-t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s t
to
o p
pa
ay
y v
ve
er
ry
y h
hi
ig
gh
h e
en
nt
tr
ra
an
nc
ce
e p
pr
re
em
mi
iu
um
ms
s.
.
4
4.
.3
3 A
Au
ut
to
om
ma
at
te
ed
d T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g (
(E
Ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t A
Ad
dv
vi
is
so
or
rs
s)
),
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g
M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e a
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y t
to
o r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
e s
si
ig
gn
na
al
ls
s f
fr
ro
om
m E
Ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t A
Ad
dv
vi
is
so
or
rs
s (
(i
i.
.e
e.
. Z
Zu
ul
lu
u T
Tr
ra
ad
de
e a
an
nd
d
T
Tr
ra
ad
de
en
nc
cy
y'
's
s M
Mi
ir
rr
ro
or
r T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
r)
) i
is
s a
an
n i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g f
fe
ea
at
tu
ur
re
e.
.
4
4.
.4
4 M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g,
, (
(2
2%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
M
Mo
ob
bi
il
le
e t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g i
is
s n
no
ot
t j
ju
us
st
t a
a t
tr
re
en
nd
d,
, i
it
t i
is
s t
th
he
e f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e o
of
f t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 19
4
4.
.5
5 M
MT
T4
4 /
/ M
MT
T5
5 A
Av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y,
, (
(1
1%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
M
Me
et
ta
aT
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
r p
pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
m i
is
s a
a c
cl
le
ea
ar
r s
st
ta
an
nd
da
ar
rd
d i
in
n t
th
he
e F
Fo
or
re
ex
x i
in
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y.
.
4
4.
.6
6 S
Sc
ca
al
lp
pi
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d H
He
ed
dg
gi
in
ng
g,
, (
(1
1%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: S
Se
el
le
ec
ct
ti
io
on
n
T
Th
he
e a
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y t
to
o s
sc
ca
al
lp
p F
Fo
or
re
ex
x c
cu
ur
rr
re
en
nc
ci
ie
es
s i
is
s a
an
n i
is
ss
su
ue
e i
im
mp
po
or
rt
ta
an
nt
t f
fo
or
r o
on
nl
ly
y a
a f
fe
ew
w
t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
ha
at
t i
is
s w
wh
hy
y t
th
he
e t
to
ot
ta
al
l w
we
ei
ig
gh
ht
t o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s s
su
ub
b-
-f
fa
ac
ct
to
or
r i
is
s j
ju
us
st
t 1
1%
%.
.
4
4.
.7
7 C
Cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r S
Se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e,
, (
(4
4%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ac
cc
cu
um
mu
ul
la
at
ti
io
on
n
O
On
nl
li
in
ne
e s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s r
re
eq
qu
ui
ir
re
e t
th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e o
of
f a
a h
hi
ig
gh
h-
-q
qu
ua
al
li
it
ty
y c
cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e.
. W
We
e
r
ra
at
te
e 2
24
4/
/6
6 a
an
nd
d 2
24
4/
/7
7 c
cu
us
st
to
om
me
er
r s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
e,
, a
an
nd
d a
ad
dd
d r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
g p
po
oi
in
nt
ts
s t
to
o t
th
he
e e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e
o
of
f e
em
ma
ai
il
l,
, P
Ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, C
Ca
al
ll
l-
-B
Ba
ac
ck
k,
, S
Sk
ky
yp
pe
e a
an
nd
d L
Li
iv
ve
e C
Ch
ha
at
t.
.
4
4.
.8
8 +
+A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s
4
4.
.8
8.
.1
1 P
PA
AM
MM
M /
/ M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s,
, (
(0
0.
.5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
:
A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d a
ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s h
ha
av
ve
e b
be
ec
co
om
me
e v
ve
er
ry
y p
po
op
pu
ul
la
ar
r n
no
ow
wa
ad
da
ay
ys
s s
so
o w
we
e r
ra
at
te
e t
th
he
ei
ir
r
e
ex
xi
is
st
te
en
nc
ce
e f
fa
av
vo
or
ra
ab
bl
ly
y.
. W
We
e r
ra
at
te
e P
PA
AM
MM
M w
wi
it
th
h m
ma
ax
xi
im
mu
um
m +
+0
0.
.5
5%
% a
an
nd
d s
si
im
mp
pl
le
e
M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s w
wi
it
th
h +
+0
0.
.2
25
5%
%.
.
4
4.
.8
8.
.2
2 A
AP
PI
I T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g,
, (
(0
0.
.5
5%
%)
) -
-R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g M
Me
et
th
ho
od
d:
: A
Ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
t
T
Th
he
e a
av
va
ai
il
la
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y o
of
f A
AP
PI
I t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
te
es
s f
fu
ur
rt
th
he
er
rm
mo
or
re
e t
th
ha
at
t a
a F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r f
fo
oc
cu
us
s
o
on
n s
st
ta
at
te
e-
-o
of
f-
-t
th
he
e-
-a
ar
rt
t t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g t
te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gy
y.
.
R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
R-
-4
4-
- E
EX
XA
AM
MP
PL
LE
ES
S
i
i)
) A
A F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g 5
5 t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g p
pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g M
MT
T4
4,
, w
wi
it
th
h s
sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e
1
1.
.5
5 p
pi
ip
p,
, f
fu
ul
ll
l m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d b
by
y e
en
na
ab
bl
li
in
ng
g a
au
ut
to
om
ma
at
te
ed
d t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d s
sc
ca
al
lp
pi
in
ng
g /
/
h
he
ed
dg
gi
in
ng
g r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 1
14
4.
.0
0%
%.
. I
In
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
n i
if
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r o
of
ff
fe
er
rs
s p
ph
ho
on
ne
e,
, e
em
ma
ai
il
l,
, 2
24
4/
/6
6
a
an
nd
d l
li
iv
ve
e c
ch
ha
at
t r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a 3
3.
.5
5%
%.
. F
Fi
in
na
al
ll
ly
y i
if
f i
it
t p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s P
PA
AM
MM
M A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s b
bu
ut
t
n
no
o A
AP
PI
I t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s +
+1
1%
%.
. G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d T
To
ot
ta
al
l R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g i
is
s 1
18
8.
.5
5%
%.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 20
i
ii
i)
) A
A F
Fo
or
re
ex
x B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
di
in
ng
g 2
2 t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g p
pl
la
at
tf
fo
or
rm
ms
s,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g M
MT
T4
4,
, w
wi
it
th
h s
sl
li
ip
pp
pa
ag
ge
e
2
2.
.0
0 p
pi
ip
p,
, s
su
up
pp
po
or
rt
ti
in
ng
g 2
2 m
mo
ob
bi
il
le
e d
de
ev
vi
ic
ce
es
s a
an
nd
d b
by
y r
re
ej
je
ec
ct
ti
in
ng
g a
au
ut
to
om
ma
at
te
ed
d t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g,
,
s
sc
ca
al
lp
pi
in
ng
g a
an
nd
d h
he
ed
dg
gi
in
ng
g r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s 6
6.
.0
0%
%.
. I
In
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
n i
if
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r o
of
ff
fe
er
rs
s e
em
ma
ai
il
l,
,
2
24
4/
/5
5,
, p
ph
ho
on
ne
e a
an
nd
d l
li
iv
ve
e c
ch
ha
at
t i
it
t r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a 3
3.
.0
0%
%.
. I
If
f t
th
ha
at
t b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
r p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
es
s
s
si
im
mp
pl
le
e M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
ed
d A
Ac
cc
co
ou
un
nt
ts
s b
bu
ut
t n
no
ot
t A
AP
PI
I t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g r
re
ec
ce
ei
iv
ve
es
s a
an
n e
ex
xt
tr
ra
a +
+1
1%
%,
, f
fr
ro
om
m
a
ad
dj
ju
us
st
tm
me
en
nt
ts
s m
ma
ad
de
e.
. G
Gr
ra
an
nd
d T
To
ot
ta
al
l R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g i
is
s 1
10
0.
.0
0%
%.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 21
I
If
f w
we
e s
su
um
m t
th
he
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
rs
s 1
1,
, 2
2,
, 3
3,
, a
an
nd
d 4
4 w
we
e a
ar
re
e a
ab
bl
le
e t
to
o c
ca
al
lc
cu
ul
la
at
te
e
t
th
he
e O
Ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
r'
's
s R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g.
.
4
4-
-F
FA
AC
CT
TO
OR
RS
S R
RA
AT
TI
IN
NG
G W
WE
EI
IG
GH
HT
T
F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-1
1:
: S
Sa
af
fe
et
ty
y o
of
f T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g F
Fu
un
nd
ds
s 2
26
6.
.0
00
0%
%
F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-2
2:
: O
Ov
ve
er
ra
al
ll
l T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g C
Co
os
st
t 2
28
8.
.0
00
0%
%
F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-3
3:
: T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s 2
26
6.
.0
00
0%
%
F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
r-
-4
4:
: T
Te
ec
ch
hn
no
ol
lo
og
gi
ic
ca
al
l E
Ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nc
cy
y 2
20
0.
.0
00
0%
%
=
= 1
10
00
0.
.0
00
0%
%
F
Fi
in
na
al
l W
Wo
or
rd
ds
s -
-T
To
ow
wa
ar
rd
ds
s t
th
he
e F
Fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e
T
Th
he
e i
id
de
ea
a,
, a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e i
im
mp
pl
le
em
me
en
nt
ta
at
ti
io
on
n,
, o
of
f t
th
he
e s
se
er
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s i
is
s u
un
ni
iq
qu
ue
e,
,
b
bu
ut
t i
it
t h
ha
as
s s
st
ti
il
ll
l a
a l
lo
on
ng
g w
wa
ay
y t
to
o g
go
o b
be
ef
fo
or
re
e i
it
t b
be
ec
co
om
me
es
s c
co
om
mp
pl
le
et
te
el
ly
y o
op
pt
ti
im
mi
iz
ze
ed
d.
.
T
Th
hi
in
nk
ki
in
ng
g a
at
t t
th
he
e f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e a
an
nd
d g
gi
iv
ve
en
n t
th
he
e u
up
pc
co
om
mi
in
ng
g p
pr
ro
ob
bl
le
em
m o
of
f t
th
he
e w
we
eb
b r
ro
ob
bo
ot
ts
s,
,
t
th
hi
is
s w
wa
ay
y o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
ls
s w
wi
il
ll
l b
be
ec
co
om
me
e a
an
n i
in
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y s
st
ta
an
nd
da
ar
rd
d,
, s
so
oo
on
ne
er
r o
or
r
l
la
at
te
er
r.
. T
Th
he
e r
re
ea
as
so
on
n i
is
s t
th
ha
at
t i
it
t c
ca
an
n h
he
el
lp
p t
tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s t
to
o c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
e b
be
et
tt
te
er
r b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e
i
in
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y t
to
o b
be
ec
co
om
me
e a
a ‘
‘S
SA
AF
FE
ER
R’
’ p
pl
la
ac
ce
e f
fo
or
r e
ev
ve
er
ry
yo
on
ne
e,
, i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g t
th
he
e d
de
es
sc
ce
en
nt
t
B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
ra
ag
ge
e C
Co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h d
di
is
sl
li
ik
ke
e t
th
hi
is
s d
di
ir
rt
ty
y ‘
‘g
ga
am
me
e’
’ o
of
f u
us
se
er
r r
ra
at
ti
in
ng
gs
s.
.
S
Sc
ca
am
m B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s a
ar
re
e n
no
ot
t j
ju
ut
t h
ha
ar
rm
mi
in
ng
g T
Tr
ra
ad
de
er
rs
s b
bu
ut
t t
th
he
ey
y a
al
ls
so
o a
ad
dd
d a
an
n e
ex
xt
tr
re
em
me
e l
le
ev
ve
el
l
o
of
f S
Sy
ys
st
te
em
mi
ic
c R
Ri
is
sk
k i
in
n t
th
he
e w
wh
ho
ol
le
e F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l I
In
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y.
. E
Ev
ve
er
ry
y p
pr
ro
of
fe
es
ss
si
io
on
na
al
l
p
pa
ar
rt
ti
ic
ci
ip
pa
at
ti
in
ng
g i
in
n t
th
he
e F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l I
In
nd
du
us
st
tr
ry
y t
to
od
da
ay
y i
is
s o
ob
bl
li
ig
ga
at
te
ed
d t
to
o p
pa
ay
y a
a ‘
‘P
Pr
re
em
mi
iu
um
m’
’
b
be
ec
ca
au
us
se
e o
of
f s
so
om
me
e u
un
ne
et
th
hi
ic
ca
al
l c
co
om
mp
pa
an
ni
ie
es
s w
wh
hi
ic
ch
h a
ar
re
e u
us
su
ua
al
ll
ly
y n
no
ot
t r
re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
te
ed
d a
an
nd
d
o
of
ft
te
en
n c
ch
ho
oo
os
se
e O
Of
ff
fs
sh
ho
or
re
e C
Co
ou
un
nt
tr
ri
ie
es
s a
as
s t
th
he
ei
ir
r H
He
ea
ad
dq
qu
ua
ar
rt
te
er
rs
s B
Ba
as
se
e i
in
n o
or
rd
de
er
r t
to
o
e
ex
xp
pl
lo
oi
it
t i
in
ne
ef
ff
fi
ic
ci
ie
en
nc
ci
ie
es
s i
in
n t
th
he
e l
lo
oc
ca
al
l l
le
eg
gi
is
sl
la
at
ti
iv
ve
e f
fr
ra
am
me
ew
wo
or
rk
k r
re
eg
ga
ar
rd
di
in
ng
g c
co
or
rp
po
or
ra
at
te
e
s
su
up
pe
er
rv
vi
is
si
io
on
n.
.
■
■ G
Gi
io
or
rg
go
os
s P
Pr
ro
ot
to
on
no
ot
ta
ar
ri
io
os
s
F
Fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l A
An
na
al
ly
ys
st
t –
–W
We
eb
b P
Pr
ro
oj
je
ec
ct
ts
s
L
L C
CO
OM
MP
PA
AR
RI
IS
SO
ON
NS
S a
at
t T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
gC
Ce
en
nt
te
er
r.
.o
or
rg
g
C
CO
OM
MP
PA
AR
RE
E:
:
►
► F
Fo
or
re
ex
x
B
Br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s
►
► C
CF
FD
D
B
Br
ro
ok
ke
xp
pe
er
rt
t
A
Ad
dv
vi
is
so
or
rs
► E
er
Ex
rs
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 –
– Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m 24
S
Se
er
ri
ie
es
s o
of
f R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
as
s ©
© G
Ge
eo
or
rg
ge
e P
Pr
ro
ot
to
on
no
ot
ta
ar
ri
io
os
s 2
20
01
14
4
C
CO
OP
PY
YR
RI
IG
GH
HT
T I
IN
NF
FO
OR
RM
MA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N
A
AL
LL
L R
RI
IG
GH
HT
TS
S R
RE
ES
SE
ER
RV
VE
ED
D.
. N
No
o p
pa
ar
rt
t o
of
f t
th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k (
(i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
di
in
ng
g t
te
ex
xt
t,
, i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n,
,
t
ta
ab
bl
le
es
s,
, a
an
na
al
ly
ys
si
is
s,
, r
re
es
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
es
s a
an
nd
d i
im
ma
ag
ge
es
s)
) m
ma
ay
y b
be
e c
co
op
pi
ie
ed
d,
, r
re
ep
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ce
ed
d,
, m
mi
ir
rr
ro
or
re
ed
d
o
or
r s
so
ol
ld
d.
.
D
DI
IS
SC
CL
LA
AI
IM
ME
ER
R A
AN
ND
D L
LE
EG
GA
AL
L N
NO
OT
TI
IC
CE
E
T
Th
he
e i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k r
re
ep
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
ts
s t
th
he
e v
vi
ie
ew
w o
of
f t
th
he
e a
au
ut
th
ho
or
r.
.
E
Ev
ve
er
ry
y a
at
tt
te
em
mp
pt
t h
ha
as
s b
be
ee
en
n m
ma
ad
de
e b
by
y t
th
he
e a
au
ut
th
ho
or
r t
to
o v
ve
er
ri
if
fy
y a
al
ll
l i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
ed
d
i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k,
, b
bu
ut
t t
th
he
er
re
e i
is
s n
no
o g
gu
ua
ar
ra
an
nt
te
ee
e a
ab
bo
ou
ut
t t
th
he
e a
ac
cc
cu
ur
ra
ac
cy
y a
an
nd
d t
th
he
e r
re
el
li
ia
ab
bi
il
li
it
ty
y
o
of
f a
an
ny
y i
in
nf
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
n p
pr
re
es
se
en
nt
te
ed
d i
in
n t
th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k.
. I
In
n a
ad
dd
di
it
ti
io
on
n,
, t
th
he
e R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a
v
v4
4.
.0
0 e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k m
ma
ay
y i
in
nc
cl
lu
ud
de
e a
af
ff
fi
il
li
ia
at
te
e l
li
in
nk
ks
s.
. T
Th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k i
is
s n
no
ot
t i
in
nt
te
en
nd
de
ed
d f
fo
or
r u
us
se
e a
as
s a
a
s
so
ou
ur
rc
ce
e o
of
f f
fi
in
na
an
nc
ci
ia
al
l o
or
r i
in
nv
ve
es
st
tm
me
en
nt
t a
ad
dv
vi
ic
ce
e.
.
R
RI
IS
SK
K W
WA
AR
RN
NI
IN
NG
G
T
Th
he
er
re
e i
is
s c
co
on
ns
si
id
de
er
ra
ab
bl
le
e e
ex
xp
po
os
su
ur
re
e t
to
o r
ri
is
sk
k w
wh
he
en
n t
tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
re
ex
x,
, F
Fu
ut
tu
ur
re
es
s a
an
nd
d B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
y
O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s.
. T
Tr
ra
ad
di
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
re
ex
x,
, B
Bi
in
na
ar
ry
y O
Op
pt
ti
io
on
ns
s a
an
nd
d o
ot
th
he
er
r l
le
ev
ve
er
ra
ag
ge
ed
d p
pr
ro
od
du
uc
ct
ts
s i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
es
s
a
a s
si
ig
gn
ni
if
fi
ic
ca
an
nt
t l
le
ev
ve
el
l o
of
f r
ri
is
sk
k a
an
nd
d i
is
s n
no
ot
t s
su
ui
it
ta
ab
bl
le
e f
fo
or
r a
al
ll
l i
in
nv
ve
es
st
to
or
rs
s.
. B
Be
ef
fo
or
re
e
u
un
nd
de
er
rt
ta
ak
ki
in
ng
g a
an
ny
y s
su
uc
ch
h t
tr
ra
an
ns
sa
ac
ct
ti
io
on
ns
s y
yo
ou
u s
sh
ho
ou
ul
ld
d e
en
ns
su
ur
re
e t
th
ha
at
t y
yo
ou
u f
fu
ul
ll
ly
y
u
un
nd
de
er
rs
st
ta
an
nd
d t
th
he
e r
ri
is
sk
ks
s i
in
nv
vo
ol
lv
ve
ed
d a
an
nd
d s
se
ee
ek
k i
in
nd
de
ep
pe
en
nd
de
en
nt
t a
ad
dv
vi
ic
ce
e i
if
f n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ry
y.
. T
Th
he
e
p
po
os
ss
si
ib
bi
il
li
it
ty
y a
al
lw
wa
ay
ys
s e
ex
xi
is
st
ts
s t
th
ha
at
t y
yo
ou
u c
co
ou
ul
ld
d s
su
us
st
ta
ai
in
n a
a s
su
ub
bs
st
ta
an
nt
ti
ia
al
l l
lo
os
ss
s.
. N
Ne
ev
ve
er
r t
tr
ra
ad
de
e
w
wi
it
th
h f
fu
un
nd
ds
s t
th
ha
at
t y
yo
ou
u m
ma
ay
y n
ne
ee
ed
d i
in
n t
th
he
e f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e.
. P
Pa
as
st
t p
pe
er
rf
fo
or
rm
ma
an
nc
ce
e i
is
s n
no
ot
t
n
ne
ec
ce
es
ss
sa
ar
ri
il
ly
y i
in
nd
di
ic
ca
at
ti
iv
ve
e o
of
f f
fu
ut
tu
ur
re
e r
re
es
su
ul
lt
ts
s.
. A
An
ny
y o
op
pi
in
ni
io
on
ns
s,
, s
su
ug
gg
ge
es
st
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, b
br
ro
ok
ke
er
rs
s,
,
s
sy
ys
st
te
em
ms
s,
, s
se
er
rv
vi
ic
ce
es
s,
, s
so
of
ft
tw
wa
ar
re
e,
, r
re
ev
vi
ie
ew
ws
s,
, p
pr
ro
om
mo
ot
ti
io
on
ns
s,
, b
bo
on
nu
us
s,
, r
re
eb
ba
at
te
es
s,
, l
li
in
nk
ks
s a
an
nd
d
w
we
eb
b-
-s
si
it
te
es
s m
me
en
nt
ti
io
on
ne
ed
d o
on
n t
th
hi
is
s e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k a
ar
re
e p
pr
ro
ov
vi
id
de
ed
d a
as
s g
ge
en
ne
er
ra
al
l m
ma
ar
rk
ke
et
t
c
co
om
mm
me
en
nt
ta
ar
ry
y,
, a
an
nd
d d
do
o n
no
ot
t c
co
on
ns
st
ti
it
tu
ut
te
e i
in
nv
ve
es
st
tm
me
en
nt
t a
ad
dv
vi
ic
ce
e i
in
n a
an
ny
y w
wa
ay
y.
.
F
Fo
or
re
ex
x R
Ra
at
ti
in
ng
g F
Fo
or
rm
mu
ul
la
a v
v4
4.
.0
0 e
eB
Bo
oo
ok
k -
- C
Co
op
py
yr
ri
ig
gh
ht
t ©
© M
Ma
ar
rc
ch
h 2
20
01
14
4
G
Ge
eo
or
rg
ge
e P
Pr
ro
ot
to
on
no
ot
ta
ar
ri
io
os
s -
-A
Al
ll
l r
ri
ig
gh
ht
ts
s r
re
es
se
er
rv
ve
ed
d w
wo
or
rl
ld
dw
wi
id
de
e
D
Di
is
st
tr
ri
ib
bu
ut
ti
io
on
n b
by
y Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m
w
ww
ww
w.
.Q
Qe
ex
xp
pe
er
rt
t.
.c
co
om
m

More Related Content

What's hot

Mercado laboral españa vs francia - presentacion
Mercado laboral   españa vs francia - presentacionMercado laboral   españa vs francia - presentacion
Mercado laboral españa vs francia - presentacionDavid Lopez Alamar
 
PAROS proxy tool
PAROS proxy toolPAROS proxy tool
PAROS proxy toolJoseph ...
 
Trabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básico
Trabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básicoTrabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básico
Trabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básicoJeannette Gonzalez
 
Tiendas virtuales comercio electronico
Tiendas virtuales comercio electronicoTiendas virtuales comercio electronico
Tiendas virtuales comercio electronicokaren2113
 
Industrial Design Portfolio
Industrial Design Portfolio Industrial Design Portfolio
Industrial Design Portfolio Charles Doiron
 
A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)
A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)
A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)Economics_Study
 
Revised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore University
Revised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore UniversityRevised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore University
Revised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore UniversityLinh Nguyen Van
 
Trabajo ley bode
Trabajo ley bode Trabajo ley bode
Trabajo ley bode Edgar C
 
Trading system for iphone
Trading system for iphoneTrading system for iphone
Trading system for iphoneRitesh Saxena
 

What's hot (19)

Mercado laboral españa vs francia - presentacion
Mercado laboral   españa vs francia - presentacionMercado laboral   españa vs francia - presentacion
Mercado laboral españa vs francia - presentacion
 
Muller sen máis
Muller sen máisMuller sen máis
Muller sen máis
 
CAJERO VENDEDOR DE COFFE MUSIC 90´ T.T
CAJERO VENDEDOR DE COFFE MUSIC 90´ T.TCAJERO VENDEDOR DE COFFE MUSIC 90´ T.T
CAJERO VENDEDOR DE COFFE MUSIC 90´ T.T
 
PAROS proxy tool
PAROS proxy toolPAROS proxy tool
PAROS proxy tool
 
Fix engine
Fix engineFix engine
Fix engine
 
Trabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básico
Trabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básicoTrabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básico
Trabajo e.t.s 7° a 8°básico
 
Id packet
Id packetId packet
Id packet
 
Tiendas virtuales comercio electronico
Tiendas virtuales comercio electronicoTiendas virtuales comercio electronico
Tiendas virtuales comercio electronico
 
Industrial Design Portfolio
Industrial Design Portfolio Industrial Design Portfolio
Industrial Design Portfolio
 
A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)
A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)
A two step approach to quantitative content analysis (part 2)
 
2002. use of the sos chromotest spot assay as a screening system for detectin...
2002. use of the sos chromotest spot assay as a screening system for detectin...2002. use of the sos chromotest spot assay as a screening system for detectin...
2002. use of the sos chromotest spot assay as a screening system for detectin...
 
Revised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore University
Revised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore UniversityRevised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore University
Revised mba-syllabus-2011 for Mysore University
 
Trabajo ley bode
Trabajo ley bode Trabajo ley bode
Trabajo ley bode
 
PROTECCIONES DE SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA
PROTECCIONES DE SISTEMAS DE POTENCIAPROTECCIONES DE SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA
PROTECCIONES DE SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA
 
2005. oxidation of o isopropylphenol with lead tetraacetate
2005. oxidation of o isopropylphenol with lead tetraacetate2005. oxidation of o isopropylphenol with lead tetraacetate
2005. oxidation of o isopropylphenol with lead tetraacetate
 
Doc.98
Doc.98Doc.98
Doc.98
 
B2 unit 4
B2 unit 4B2 unit 4
B2 unit 4
 
Trading system for iphone
Trading system for iphoneTrading system for iphone
Trading system for iphone
 
SGT ROCK
SGT ROCKSGT ROCK
SGT ROCK
 

More from Qexpert.com Financial

Forex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange Traders
Forex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange TradersForex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange Traders
Forex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange TradersQexpert.com Financial
 
Forex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading Data
Forex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading DataForex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading Data
Forex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading DataQexpert.com Financial
 
MetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) Tutorial
MetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) TutorialMetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) Tutorial
MetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) TutorialQexpert.com Financial
 
BUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIES
BUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIESBUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIES
BUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIESQexpert.com Financial
 
12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)
12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)
12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)Qexpert.com Financial
 

More from Qexpert.com Financial (6)

Forex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange Traders
Forex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange TradersForex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange Traders
Forex Trading Guide v2.0 -Online Foreign Exchange Traders
 
Forex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading Data
Forex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading DataForex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading Data
Forex Trading Statistics v1.0 -15 Forex Currencies and 15 years of Trading Data
 
MetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) Tutorial
MetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) TutorialMetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) Tutorial
MetaTrader-4 Platform (MT4) Tutorial
 
BUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIES
BUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIESBUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIES
BUILDING AUTOMATED TRADING STRATEGIES
 
12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)
12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)
12 Essential Forex Trading Secrets (Foreign Exchange Tutorial)
 
Nea oikonomia 2012 2016
Nea oikonomia 2012 2016Nea oikonomia 2012 2016
Nea oikonomia 2012 2016
 

Forex Rating Formula v4.0

  • 1. . .Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m F FO OR RE EX X R RA AT TI IN NG G F FO OR RM MU UL LA A R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er rs s F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a “ “I In nt tr ro od du uc ci in ng g a a R Ra at ti in ng g R Re ev vo ol lu ut ti io on n i in n t th he e F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l I In nd du us st tr ry y” ” F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 - -C Co op py yr ri ig gh ht t © © M Ma ar rc ch h 2 20 01 14 4 G Ge eo or rg ge e P Pr ro ot to on no ot ta ar ri io os s © ©- -A Al ll l r ri ig gh ht ts s r re es se er rv ve ed d w wo or rl ld dw wi id de e D Di is st tr ri ib bu ut ti io on n b by y Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m w ww ww w. .Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m
  • 2. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 2 F FO OR RE EX X R RA AT TI IN NG G F FO OR RM MU UL LA A v v4 4. .0 0 “ “A A R Re ev vo ol lu ut ti io on na ar ry y W Wa ay y o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l S Se er rv vi ic ce es s” ” - -T TA AB BL LE E O OF F C CO ON NT TE EN NT TS S- - ( (1 1) ) I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n t to o t th he e S Se er ri ie es s o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s - - T Th he e N Ne ee ed d f fo or r a an n O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fr ra am me ew wo or rk k - - T Th he e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s H Hi is st to or ry y ( (2 2) ) D De es si ig gn ni in ng g t th he e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 - - T Th he e C Co or re e R Ra at ti in ng g M Me ec ch ha an ni is sm m o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 ( (3 3) ) F Fa ac ct to or r- -1 1 S Sa af fe et ty y o of f F Fu un nd ds s ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 26 6% %) ) ( (4 4) ) F Fa ac ct to or r- -2 2 T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co os st t ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 28 8% %) ) ( (5 5) ) F Fa ac ct to or r- -3 3 T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 26 6% %) ) ( (6 6) ) F Fa ac ct to or r- -1 1 T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gy y ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 20 0% %) )
  • 3. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 3 ( (1 1) ) I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n t to o t th he e S Se er ri ie es s o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s b by y T Tr ra ad di in ng gC Ce en nt te er r. .o or rg g M Mi is ss si io on n: : “ “S Se ee ek ki in ng g f fo or r a an n O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e F Fr ra am me ew wo or rk k t to o R Ra at te e t th he e W Wo or rl ld d' 's s F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l S Se er rv vi ic ce es s” ” T Th he e C Cu ur rr re en nt t P Pr ro ob bl le em m w wi it th h O On nl li in ne e R Ra at ti in ng gs s U Un nt ti il l t to od da ay y, , a al ll l f fi in na an nc ci ia al l r ra at ti in ng gs s w we er re e m ma ad de e b by y u us se er rs s ( (u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s) ). . U Un nf fo or rt tu un na at te el ly y, , a an nd d a ac cc co or rd di in ng g t to o r re es se ea ar rc ch h, , m mo or re e t th ha an n h ha al lf f ( (5 50 0% %) ) o of f t th he es se e u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s p pr ro ov ve ed d f fa ak ke e. . A An nd d t th ha at t i is s b be ec ca au us se e t th he er re e i is s a a h hu ug ge e c co om mm me er rc ci ia al l i in nc ce en nt ti iv ve e f fo or r a an ny y f fi in na an nc ci ia al l c co om mp pa an ny y t to o h hi ir re e o ou ut ts si id de er rs s i in n o or rd de er r t to o r ra at te e t th he em m f fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y a an nd d / / o or r r ra at te e o ot th he er r c co om mp pe et ti it to or rs s u un nf fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y. . E Ev vi id de en nc ce e c co om me es s f fr ro om m t th he e f fa ac ct t t th ha at t m mo os st t o of f t th he es se e u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e g gi iv ve en n e ex xc ce es ss si iv ve e v va al lu ue es s ( (i i. .e e. . 5 5/ /5 5 o or r 0 0/ /5 5) ). . O Of f c co ou ur rs se e, , i if f y yo ou u a ar re e v ve er ry y e ex xp pe er ri ie en nc ce ed d w wi it th h F Fo or re ex x r re ev vi ie ew ws s, , y yo ou u m ma ay y u un nd de er rs st ta an nd d w wh hi ic ch h o of f t th he es se e u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e r re ea al l a an nd d w wh hi ic ch h n no ot t. . T Th he e p pr ro ob bl le em m i is s t th ha at t t th he e T To ot ta al l U Us se er r R Ra at ti in ng g f fo ou un nd d i in n t th he e i in nt te er rn ne et t t to od da ay y i is s t th he e A Av ve er ra ag ge e R Ra at ti in ng g V Va al lu ue e o of f u us su ua al ll ly y m ma an ny y t th ho ou us sa an nd ds s o of f i in nd di iv vi id du ua al l r ra at ti in ng gs s, , a an nd d e ev va al lu ua at te e t th he em m o on ne e b by y o on ne e i is s n ne ea ar rl ly y i im mp po os ss si ib bl le e a an nd d n no ot t a ac cc cu ur ra at te e. . A Ad dd di it ti io on na al ll ly y, , t th he e n ne ew w e er ra a o of f W We eb b R Ro ob bo ot ts s w wi il ll l m ma ak ke e r re ea al l u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s / / r re ev vi ie ew ws s e ev ve en n m mo or re e r ra ar re e a an nd d d di if ff fi ic cu ul lt t t to o f fi in nd d. . T Th he e M Mo ot ti iv ve e o of f F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l C Co om mp pa an ni ie es s f fo or r M Ma an ni ip pu ul la at ti in ng g t th he ei ir r R Ra at ti in ng gs s F Fa av vo or ra ab bl le e r ra at ti in ng gs s a at tt tr ra ac ct t m mo or re e a ac cc co ou un nt ts s o on n b be eh ha al lf f o of f a a f fi in na an nc ci ia al l c co om mp pa an ny y s so o t th he er re e i is s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t m mo ot ti iv ve e f fo or r t th he em m t to o h hi ir re e s so om me eb bo od dy y t to o d do o t th ha at t j jo ob b. . O Of f c co ou ur rs se e m ma an ny y c co om mp pa an ni ie es s w wo ou ul ld dn n’ ’t t g ge et t i in nv vo ol lv ve ed d w wi it th h f fa ak ke e r ra at ti in ng gs s, , b bu ut t t th he e p pr ro ob bl le em m i is s t th ha at t w we e d do on n’ ’t t k kn no ow w t th he es se e ‘ ‘g go oo od d’ ’ c co om mp pa an ni ie es s. . E Ev ve en n i if f w we e k kn ne ew w t th he es se e ‘ ‘g go oo od d’ ’ c co om mp pa an ni ie es s - -t th he ei ir r c co om mp pe et ti it to or rs s c co ou ul ld d s st ti il ll l m ma an ni ip pu ul la at te e t th he ei ir r o ov ve er ra al ll l r ra at ti in ng gs s. . I If f w we e t ta ak ke e i in nt to o a ac cc co ou un nt t a al ll l t th he es se e f fa ac ct to or rs s w we e m ma ay y c co on nc cl lu ud de e t th ha at t t th he e c cu ur rr re en nt t s st ta at tu us s o of f t th he e u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s i in n t th he e F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l I In nd du us st tr ry y i is s n no ot t a ac cc ce ep pt ta ab bl le e a at t a al ll l, , a an nd d s sh ho ow ws s t th he e p po ot te en nt ti ia al l t to o b be ec co om me e e ev ve en n w wo or rs se e i in n t th he e f fu ut tu ur re e. . T Th he e N Ne ee ed d f fo or r a an n O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fr ra am me ew wo or rk k T Th he e s se er ri ie es s o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s i in nt tr ro od du uc ce ed d b by y T Tr ra ad di in ng gC Ce en nt te er r. .o or rg g a ai im ms s t to o s so ol lv ve e t th ha at t p pr ro ob bl le em m o on nc ce e a an nd d f fo or r a al ll l b by y p pr ro ov vi id di in ng g a an n o ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e f fr ra am me ew wo or rk k o of f r ra at ti in ng g f fi in na an nc ci ia al l s se er rv vi ic ce es s. . T Th hi is s b br ra an nd d n ne ew w w wa ay y o of f r ra at ti in ng g a al ll lo ow ws s a ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s i in n o or rd de er r t to o a ad da ap pt t t th he e s sp pe ec ci ia al l n ne ee ed ds s o of f e ea ac ch h t tr ra ad de er r, , w wh hi il le e i it t i is s f fo oc cu us si in ng g o on n a al ll l b be eg gi in nn ne er rs s, , a ad dv va an nc ce ed d a an nd d p pr ro of fe es ss si io on na al l t tr ra ad de er rs s. . T Th he e i id de ea a b be eh hi in nd d t th he e r ra at ti in ng g f fo or rm mu ul la a i is s s si im mp pl le e w wh hi il le e i it ts s i im mp pl le em me en nt ta at ti io on n i is s b ba as se ed d o on n a a 4 4- -f fa ac ct to or r m ma at th he em ma at ti ic ca al l m mo od de el l. . E Ea ac ch h f fa ac ct to or r r re ep pr re es se en nt ts s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t n ne ee ed d f fo or r a al lm mo os st t a al ll l t tr ra ad de er rs s: :
  • 4. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 4 - -1 1- - S Sa af fe et ty y o of f F Fu un nd ds s - -2 2- - L Lo ow w C Co os st t o of f T Tr ra an ns sa ac ct ti io on ns s - -3 3- - W Wi id de e V Va ar ri ie et ty y o of f T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s - -4 4- - T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gi ic ca al l E Ef ff fi ic ci ie en nc cy y O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : “ “B Be e S Sa af fe e, , P Pa ay y L Lo ow w T Tr ra an ns sa ac ct ti io on n C Co os st t a an nd d u us se e S St ta at te e- -o of f- - t th he e- -A Ar rt t- -T Tr ra ad di in ng g T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gy y” ” T Th he e R Ra at ti in ng g B Br ro ok ke er rs s F Fo or rm mu ul la as s H Hi is st to or ry y T Th he e f fi ir rs st t, , t th he e s se ec co on nd d a an nd d t th he e f fo ou ur rt th h v ve er rs si io on n o of f t th he e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a a ar re e a ap pp pl li ie ed d o on n F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er rs s. . T Th he e v ve er rs si io on ns s 3 3. .0 0 a an nd d 3 3. .5 5 a ar re e a ap pp pl li ie ed d o on n B Bi in na ar ry y O Op pt ti io on n B Br ro ok ke er rs s. . T Th hi is s i is s t th he e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s h hi is st to or ry y a an nd d l li in nk ks s w wi it th h d de et ta ai il le ed d a an na al ly ys si is s: : ► ► F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er rs s R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a – –V V. .4 4. .0 0 a at t T Tr ra ad di in ng gC Ce en nt te er r. .o or rg g ( (i in n t th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k t to oo o) ) ► ► B Bi in na ar ry y O Op pt ti io on n B Br ro ok ke er rs s F Fo or rm mu ul la a - -V V. .3 3. .5 5, , a at t B Bi in na ar ry yV Va al lu ue e. .c co om m ► ► B Bi in na ar ry y O Op pt ti io on n B Br ro ok ke er rs s F Fo or rm mu ul la a - -V V. .3 3. .0 0, , a at t B Bi in na ar ry yV Va al lu ue e. .c co om m ► ► F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a – –V V. .2 2. .0 0, , a at t T Tr ra ad di in ng gC Ce en nt te er r. .o or rg g ► ► F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a – –V V. .1 1. .0 0, , a at t O On nl li in ne eF Fo or re ex x. .B Bi iz z
  • 5. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 5 ( (2 2) ) D De es si ig gn ni in ng g t th he e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 “ “S Se ee ek ki in ng g f fo or r t th he e P Pe er rf fe ec ct t F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r” ” T Th he e C Co or re e R Ra at ti in ng g M Me ec ch ha an ni is sm m o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 T Th he e T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Ce en nt te er r’ ’s s R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a i is s b ba as se ed d o on n w wh ha at t m ma ak ke es s a a B Br ro ok ke er r t th he e b be es st t c ch ho oi ic ce e f fo or r t th he e a av ve er ra ag ge e t tr ra ad de er r. . A A c ce er rt ta ai in n w we ei ig gh ht t i is s g gi iv ve en n i in n e ea ac ch h f fa ac ct to or r w wh hi il le e t th he e s su um m i is s k ke ep pt t a at t 1 10 00 0% % ( (m ma ax xi im mu um m r ra at ti in ng g) ): : ( (1 1) ) S Sa af fe et ty y o of f F Fu un nd ds s ( (2 26 6% %) ) ( (L Le ev ve el l o of f R Re eg gu ul la at ti io on n, , Y Ye ea ar rs s i in n t th he e M Ma ar rk ke et t, , H He ea ad dq qu ua ar rt te er rs s B Ba as se e e et tc c) ) ( (2 2) ) T Tr ra an ns sa ac ct ti io on n C Co os st t ( (2 28 8% %) ) ( (T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s, , S Sp pr re ea ad ds s o on n M Ma aj jo or rs s, , M Ma ai in nt te en na an nc ce e F Fe ee es s e et tc c) ) ( (3 3) ) V Va ar ri ie et ty y o of f T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s ( (2 26 6% %) ) ( (F Fo or re ex x A As ss se et t I In nd de ex x, , F Fu un nd d M Me et th ho od ds s, , R Re eb ba at te e, , L Le ev ve er ra ag ge e e et tc c) ) ( (4 4) ) T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gi ic ca al l E Ef ff fi ic ci ie en nc cy y ( (2 20 0% %) ) ( (P Pl la at tf fo or rm ms s, , M Mo ob bi il le e T Tr ra ad di in ng g, , M MT T4 4, , A Au ut to om ma at te ed d T Tr ra ad di in ng g, , S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e e et tc c) ) H He er re e i is s t th he e C Co om mp pl le et te e A An na al ly ys si is s o of f a al ll l t th he e 4 4 f fa ac ct to or rs s - -f fo or rm mi in ng g a al lt to og ge et th he er r a a R Ra at ti in ng g o of f 1 10 00 0% %. . T Tr ra ad di in ng g S Si it te es s b by y Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m: : ► ► F Fo or re ex x- -R Re eb ba at te es s. .c co om m | | ► ►W Wh ha at t- -i is s- -F Fo or re ex x. .c co om m | | ► ► F Fo or re ex xA Au ut to om ma at ti ic c. .c co om m
  • 6. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 6 ( (3 3) ) S Sa af fe et ty y o of f F Fu un nd ds s, , ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 26 6% %) ) T Th he e I Im mp po or rt ta an nc ce e o of f R Re eg gu ul la at te ed d C Co om mp pa an ni ie es s A Al ll l F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l c co om mp pa an ni ie es s ( (i in nv ve es st tm me en nt t f fi ir rm ms s, , v ve en nt tu ur re e c ca ap pi it ta al ls s, , b br ro ok ke er rs s, , d de ea al le er rs s) ) t te en nd d t to o a ac cc ce ep pt t m mo or re e r ri is sk k t th ha an n t th he ey y c ca an n r re ea al ll ly y a af ff fo or rd d. . T Th hi is s i is s h ha ap pp pe en ni in ng g w wh he en n t th he e P Po ot te en nt ti ia al l P Pr ro of fi it t o of f a a c co or rp po or ra at te e d de ec ci is si io on n i is s l la ar rg ge er r t th ha an n t th he e i in nc co or rp po or ra at te ed d r ri is sk k. . S So o h hi is st to or ri ic ca al ll ly y, , f fi in na an nc ci ia al l c co om mp pa an ni ie es s t te en nd d t to o a ac cc ce ep pt t h hi ig gh h l le ev ve el ls s o of f r ri is sk k a an nd d t th ha at t e ex xp po os se es s t th he em m t to o a a h hi ig gh h p po os ss si ib bi il li it ty y o of f c co ol ll la ap ps se e. . T Th hi is s i is s e ex xa ac ct tl ly y w wh ha at t h ha ap pp pe en ne ed d d du ur ri in ng g t th he e f fi in na an nc ci ia al l c cr ri is si is s o of f 2 20 00 07 7- -2 20 00 08 8 i in n t th he e U US S a an nd d a af ft te er r i in n t th he e r re es st t o of f t th he e w wo or rl ld d. . B Bu ut t i if f y yo ou u a ar re e a an n i in nv ve es st to or r y yo ou u d do on n’ ’t t c ca ar re e a ab bo ou ut t y yo ou ur r b br ro ok ke er r’ ’s s p po ot te en nt ti ia al l p pr ro of fi it t, , y yo ou u o on nl ly y c ca ar re e a ab bo ou ut t t th he e l le ev ve el l o of f t th he e r ri is sk k t th ha at t h he e t te en nd ds s t to o a ac cc ce ep pt ts s. . R Ri is sk k a af ff fe ec ct ts s d di ir re ec ct tl ly y t th he e s sa af fe et ty y o of f i in nv ve es st ti in ng g f fu un nd ds s. . F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l c co om mp pa an ni ie es s m ma ai in nt ta ai in ni in ng g t th he ei ir r c co or rp po or ra at te e r ri is sk k l lo ow w a an nd d e en ns su ur ri in ng g t th he e s sa af fe et ty y o of f t th he ei ir r c cl li ie en nt t f fu un nd ds s a ar re e r ra at te ed d f fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y. . T Th he e v ve er rs si io on n v v. .4 4. .0 0 a al lo on ng g w wi it th h r re eg gu ul la at ti io on n, , h he ea ad dq qu ua ar rt te er rs s b ba as se e a an nd d t th he e y ye ea ar rs s i in n t th he e m ma ar rk ke et t c co on ns si is st t n ne ew w p pa ar ra am me et te er rs s s su uc ch h i is s t th he e e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f S Se eg gr re eg ga at te ed d / / C Cl li ie en nt t B Ba an nk k A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s. . T Ta ab bl le e: : S Sa af fe et ty y o of f F Fu un nd ds s A An na al ly ys si is s 1 1. . S SA AF FE ET TY Y O OF F F FU UN ND DS S W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 1 1. .1 1 R Re eg gu ul la at to or ry y B Bo od di ie es s F FS SC C ( (B BV VI I) ) = = 1 1. .0 0% %, , | | C CY YS SE EC C = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | F FF FM MS S = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | R RA AF FM MM M = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | C CB BI I = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | A AS SI IC C = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | F FS SC C ( (N NZ Z) ) = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | F FS SA A ( (U UK K) ) = = 6 6. .0 0% %, , | | B BA AF FI IN N = = 6 6. .0 0% %, , | | N NF FA A = = 6 6. .0 0% %, , | | C CF FT TC C = = 6 6. .0 0% %, , | | F FI IN NM MA A = = 8 8. .0 0% % | | a an nd d M Mi iF FI ID D = = + +4 4. .0 0% % 1 12 2. .0 0% % 1 1. .2 2 H He ea ad dq qu ua ar rt te er rs s B Ba as se e G Ge en ne er ra al l O Of ff fs sh ho or re e = = 0 0% %, , C Cy yp pr ru us s, , I Is sr ra ae el l, , L La at tv vi ia a = = 2 2. .0 0% %, , I Ir re el la an nd d, , S Sp pa ai in n, , I It ta al ly y, , B Be el lg gi iu um m = = 3 3% %, , C Ca an na ad da a, , A Au us st tr ra al li ia a, , N Ne ew w Z Ze ee el la an nd d = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , U US SA A, , U UK K, , G Ge er rm ma an ny y, , S Sc ca an nd di in na av vi ia an n C Co ou un nt ti ie es s, , F Fr ra an nc ce e, , S Sw wi it tz ze er rl la an nd d = = 5 5. .0 0% % 5 5. .0 0% % 1 1. .3 3 F Fo ou un nd da at ti io on n ( (Y Ye ea ar rs s i in n t th he e m ma ar rk ke et t) ) 0 0- -1 1 Y Ye ea ar rs s = = 0 0 % %, , 2 2- -5 5 Y Ye ea ar rs s = = 2 2. .0 0 % %, , 5 5- -1 10 0 Y Ye ea ar rs s = = 4 4. .0 0 % %, , 1 10 0+ + Y Ye ea ar rs s = = 5 5. .0 0 % % 5 5. .0 0% %
  • 7. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 7 1 1. . S SA AF FE ET TY Y O OF F F FU UN ND DS S W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 1 1. .4 4 S Se eg gr re eg ga at te ed d / / B Ba an nk k A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s Y Ye es s = = 2 2. .0 0 % %, , N No o = = 0 0. .0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % 1 1. .5 5 W We eb b R Ra at ti in ng gs s ( (U Us se ed d f fo or r d di if ff fe er re en nt ti ia at ti in ng g r re es su ul lt ts s) ) F Fo or re ex xP Pe ea ac ce eA Ar rm my y R Ra at ti in ng g = = 1 1. .0 0 % %, , | | E Ea ar rn nF Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g = = 1 1. .0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % T TO OT TA AL L= = 2 26 6. .0 0% % 1 1. .6 6 A AD DJ JU US ST TM ME EN NT TS S A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t o of f F Fa ac ct to or r- -1 1 b by y k ke ee ep pi in ng g t th he e O Ov ve er ra al ll l R Ra at ti in ng g a at t m ma ax xi im mu um m 2 26 6 % % 1 1. .6 6. .1 1 S Si iz ze e F Fa ac ct to or r M Mo or re e t th ha an n 1 1 M Mi il ll li io on n A Ac ct ti iv ve e T Tr ra ad de er rs s = = + +1 1. .0 0 % %, , N No o = = o o% % + +1 1. .0 0% % F FA AC CT TO OR R- -1 1 E EX XP PL LA AN NA AT TI IO ON N: : 1 1. .1 1 R Re eg gu ul la at ti io on n, , ( (1 12 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n H Hi ig gh h r re eg gu ul la at ti io on n b by y a a t tr ru us st ty y a au ut th ho or ri it ty y c ca an n r re ed du uc ce e t th he e r ri is sk k o of f y yo ou ur r b br ro ok ke er ra ag ge e p pa ar rt tn ne er r t to o m mi is sb be eh ha av ve e. . F Fu ur rt th he er rm mo or re e i in n d de ev ve el lo op pi in ng g c co ou un nt tr ri ie es s m ma ar rk ke et t s su up pe er rv vi is so or rs s c co on nt tr ro ol l F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er ra ag ge e C Co om mp pa an ni ie es s a an nd d i im mp po os se e t th he em m w wi it th h h hi ig gh h p pe en na al lt ti ie es s i if f t th he ey y a ar re e p pr ro ov ve en n t to o o op pe er ra at te e i in n a a r ri is sk ky y o or r u un nf fa av vo or ra ab bl le e w wa ay y. . R Re eg gu ul la at ti io on n b by y a au ut th ho or ri it ti ie es s i in n o of ff fs sh ho or re e c co ou un nt tr ri ie es s o on n t th he e o ot th he er r h ha an nd d c ca an n n no ot t b be e f fu ul ll ly y t tr ru us st te ed d. . R Re eg gu ul la at ti io on n i is s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t i is ss su ue e f fo or r a al ll l t tr ra ad di in ng g s st ty yl le es s a an nd d t th ha at t i is s h ho ow w i it t i is s t tr re ea at te ed d b by y t th he e r ra at ti in ng g f fo or rm mu ul la a ( (1 12 2% %) ). . 1 1. .2 2 H He ea ad dq qu ua ar rt te er rs s B Ba as se e, , ( (5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e c co ou un nt tr ry y w wh he er re e a a b br ro ok ke er ra ag ge e c co om mp pa an ny y i is s b ba as se ed d d de et te er rm mi in ne es s i in n a a h hi ig gh h e ex xt te en nd d t th he e r re el li ia ab bi il li it ty y o of f i it ts s b ba al la an nc ce e s sh he ee et t. . F Fe ee es s a an nd d p pe en na al lt ti ie es s i im mp po os se ed d b by y s su up pe er rv vi is si in ng g a au ut th ho or ri it ti ie es s p pr ro ov vi id de e a a s st tr ro on ng g i in nc ce en nt ti iv ve e f fo or r F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er rs s t to o o op pe er ra at te e l le eg gi it ti im ma at te el ly y w wi it th ho ou ut t r ri is sk ki in ng g t th he ei ir r c cl li ie en nt t f fu un nd ds s. . I In n a ad dd di it ti io on n, , w wh he en n w we e r ra at te e c co ou un nt tr ri ie es s a as s a a h he ea ad dq qu ua ar rt te er rs s b ba as se e w we e t ta ak ke e i in nt to o c co on ns si id de er ra at ti io on n a al ls so o t th he ei ir r o ov ve er ra al ll l m ma ac cr ro oe ec co on no om mi ic c p pr ro of fi il le e. . 1 1. .3 3 Y Ye ea ar rs s i in n t th he e M Ma ar rk ke et t, , ( (5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e l lo on ng g e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f a a F Fo or re ex x c co om mp pa an ny y i in n t th he e m ma ar rk ke et t m me ea an ns s t th ha at t t th hi is s c co om mp pa an ny y o op pe er ra at te es s u un nd de er r a a s su uc cc ce es ss sf fu ul l b bu us si in ne es ss s m mo od de el l a an nd d t th ha at t i it t i is s p pr ro ov ve en n c ca ap pa ab bl le e o of f m ma an na ag gi in ng g e en nt te er rp pr ri is si in ng g r ri is sk k o ov ve er r t ti im me e. . T Ti im me e i is s i im mp po or rt ta an nt t a as s c co on nc ce er rn ns s t th he e f fi in na an nc ci ia al l i in nd du us st tr ry y. .
  • 8. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 8 1 1. .4 4 S Se eg gr re eg ga at te ed d B Ba an nk k A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n B Br ro ok ke er rs s k ke ee ep pi in ng g c cl li ie en nt t f fu un nd ds s i in n s se eg gr re eg ga at te ed d b ba an nk k a ac cc co ou un nt ts s a ar re e w we el lc co om me ed d a an nd d a ar re e r ra at te ed d f fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y b by y t th he e r ra at ti in ng g f fo or rm mu ul la a. . T Tr ra an ns sp pa ar re en nc cy y i is s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t i is ss su ue e w wh he en n m ma an ny y t tr ra an ns sa ac ct ti io on ns s t ta ak ke e p pl la ac ce e. . 1 1. .5 5 W We eb b R Ra at ti in ng gs s, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n T Th hi is s r ra at ti in ng g p pa ar ra am me et te er r i is s u us se ed d i in n o or rd de er r t to o d di if ff fe er re en nt ti ia at te e t th he e o ov ve er ra al ll l r re es su ul lt ts s. . T Tw wo o p po op pu ul la ar r r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e u us se ed d: : F Fo or re ex xP Pe ea ac ce eA Ar rm my y r ra at ti in ng gs s a an nd d E Ea ar rn nF Fo or re ex x r ra at ti in ng gs s. . T Th he es se e k ki in nd ds s o of f r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e m ma ad de e b by y u us se er rs s. . S So om me et ti im me es s u us se er r- -r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e f fa ak ke e a an nd d t th ha at t i is s w wh hy y t th hi is s p pa ar rt ti ic cu ul la ar r f fa ac ct to or r r re ec ce ei iv ve es s w we ei ig gh ht t o of f j ju us st t 2 2% % a an nd d n no ot t m mo or re e. . T Ti ip p: : “ “D Di if ff fe er re en nt ti ia at ti io on n i is s P Po ow we er r w wh he en n y yo ou ur r I In nd du us st tr ry y i is s t th he e F Fi in na an nc ci ia al ls s” ” 1 1. .6 6 + +A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s a ar re e m ma ad de e i in n t th he e c co om mp pu ut ta at ti io on n o of f a al ll l t th he e 4 4 f fa ac ct to or rs s i in nc co or rp po or ra at te ed d i in n t th he e n ne ew w R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v. .4 4. .0 0. . N No ot te e t th ha at t e ev ve en n a an nd d a af ft te er r t th he e a ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t m ma ad de e, , t th he e F Fa ac ct to or r- -1 1 r ra at ti in ng g r re em ma ai in ns s a at t a a m ma ax xi im mu um m w we ei ig gh ht t o of f 2 26 6% %. . 1 1. .6 6. .1 1 C Co om mp pa an ny y S Si iz ze e, , ( (+ +1 1% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t I In n t th he e c co om mp pu ut ta at ti io on n o of f t th he e F Fa ac ct to or r- -1 1, , t th he e a ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t m ma ad de e c co on nc ce er rn ns s t th he e s si iz ze e o of f t th he e b br ro ok ke er r. . L La ar rg ge e b br ro ok ke er rs s t te en nd d t to o f fa al ll l h ha ar rd de er r t th ha an n o ot th he er rs s, , a an nd d t th hu us s t th ho os se e b br ro ok ke er rs s w wi it th h a a c cl li ie en nt t b ba as se e l la ar rg ge er r t th ha an n 1 1 m mi il ll li io on n a ac ct ti iv ve e t tr ra ad de er rs s, , a ar re e r ra at te ed d f fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y. . N No ot te e: : I In n f fu ut tu ur re e v ve er rs si io on ns s i it t i is s p po os ss si ib bl le e t th ha at t d di ir re ec ct t d da at ta a f fr ro om m t th he e b ba al la an nc ce e s sh he ee et t o of f F Fo or re ex x b br ro ok ke er rs s w wi il ll l b be e e ex xt tr ra ac ct te ed d a an nd d r ra at te ed d. . A An nd d t th ha at t m me ea an ns s i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n s su uc ch h i is s t th he e a an nn nu ua al l p pr ro of fi it ta ab bi il li it ty y a an nd d / / o or r t th he e e ex xp po os su ur re e i in n c co or rp po or ra at te e d de eb bt t a as s a a p pr ro op po or rt ti io on n o of f a an nn nu ua al l r re ev ve en nu ue es s. . F Fo or r n no ow w, , w we e p pr re ef fe er r t to o r ra at te e o on nl ly y a as sp pe ec ct ts s o of f F Fu un nd ds s S Sa af fe et ty y t th ha at t o of ff fe er r u us s t th he e c ch ha an nc ce e t to o c co ol ll le ec ct t a al ll l t th he e n ne ec ce es ss sa ar ry y d da at ta a r re el li ia ab bl ly y. . R RA AT TI IN NG G F FA AC CT TO OR R- -1 1- - E EX XA AM MP PL LE ES S i i) ) A A F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r b ba as se ed d i in n t th he e U UK K t th ha at t w wa as s f fo ou un nd de ed d i in n t th he e y ye ea ar r 2 20 00 00 0 a an nd d t th ha at t i is s r re eg gu ul la at te ed d b by y F FS SA A a an nd d B Ba aF FI IN N, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 2 22 2. .0 0% %. . N No ow w, , i if f t th hi is s b br ro ok ke er r o of ff fe er rs s s se eg gr re eg ga at te ed d b ba an nk k a ac cc co ou un nt ts s a an nd d r re ec ce ei iv ve es s w we eb b r ra at ti in ng gs s o of f 1 1% %, , g ge et ts s a an n a ad dd di it ti io on na al l 3 3. .0 0% %, , G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l o of f 2 25 5. .0 0% %% %. .
  • 9. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 9 i ii i) ) A A F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r b ba as se ed d i in n B Br ri it ti is sh h V Vi ir rg gi in ni ia a I Is sl la an nd ds s t th ha at t w wa as s f fo ou un nd d i in n 2 20 01 10 0 a an nd d t th ha at t i it t i is s r re eg gu ul la at te ed d b by y F FS SC C ( (B BV VI I) ) r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 6 6. .0 0% %. . N No ow w, , i if f t th hi is s b br ro ok ke er r d do oe es sn n’ ’t t o of ff fe er r s se eg gr re eg ga at te ed d b ba an nk k a ac cc co ou un nt ts s a an nd d r re ec ce ei iv ve es s w we eb b r ra at ti in ng gs s o of f 1 1% %, , i it t g ge et ts s a a G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l o of f 7 7. .0 0% %. . T Th he e d di if ff fe er re en nc ce e b be et tw we ee en n t th he es se e t tw wo o b br ro ok ke er ra ag ge e r ra at ti in ng gs s i is s h hu ug ge e ( (1 18 8. .0 0% %) ), , a as s h hu ug ge e i is s t th he e r ri is sk k t th ha at t y yo ou u w wi il ll l a ac cc ce ep pt t i if f y yo ou u c ch ho oo os se e b br ro ok ke er r ( (i ii i) ). .
  • 10. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 10 ( (4 4) ) T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co os st t & & S Si im mi il la ar r, , ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 28 8% %) ) C Co os st t o of f t tr ra ad di in ng g r re ed du uc ce es s t th he e a av va ai il la ab bl le e f fu un nd ds s a an nd d s sh ho ou ul ld d b be e c co on ns si id de er re ed d a as s a a t to op p p pr ri io or ri it ty y i is ss su ue e w wh he en n t tr ra ad di in ng g o on nl li in ne e. . T Th he e C Co os st t o of f T Tr ra ad di in ng g F Fa ac ct to or r i in n R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 i is s w we ei ig gh ht te ed d 2 28 8. .0 0% %. . H He er re e i is s t th he e t ta ab bl le e w wi it th h t th he e r ra at ti in ng g a an na al ly ys si is s o of f F Fa ac ct to or r- -2 2. . T Ta ab bl le e: : F Fa ac ct to or r A An na al ly ys si is s 2 2. . T TR RA AD DI IN NG G C CO OS ST T & & S SI IM MI IL LA AR R W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 2 2. .1 1 T Ty yp pi ic ca al l / / M Mi in ni im mu um m S Sp pr re ea ad d o on n E EU UR RU US SD D E EU UR R/ /U US SD D S Sp pr re ea ad d ( (S Sm ma al ll le er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : < < 0 0. .3 3 p pi ip p = = 8 8. .0 0% %, , | | < < 0 0. .4 4 p pi ip p = = 7 7. .5 5% %, , | | < < 0 0. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 7 7. .0 0% %, , | | < < 0 0. .6 6 p pi ip p = = 6 6. .5 5% % | | < < 0 0. .7 7 p pi ip p = = 6 6. .0 0% %, , | | < < 0 0. .8 8 p pi ip p = = 5 5. .5 5% %, , | | < < 1 1. .0 0 p pi ip p = = 5 5. .0 0% %, , | | < < 1 1. .2 25 5 p pi ip p = = 4 4. .5 5, , | | < < 1 1. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | < < 1 1. .7 75 5 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .5 5% %, , | | > > 2 2. .0 0 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | < < 2 2. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .0 0% %, , | | < < 3 3. .0 0 p pi ip p = = 1 1. .0 0% %, , F Fi il lt te er r: : I If f t tr ra ad di in ng g s sp pr re ea ad d i is s m mo or re e t th ha an n 5 5 p pi ip ps s t th he en n 2 2. .1 1 & & 2 2. .4 4 r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e f fo or rc ce ed d t to o z ze er ro o { {0 0} } v va al lu ue e 8 8. .0 0% % 2 2. .2 2 T Ty yp pi ic ca al l / / M Mi in ni im mu um m S Sp pr re ea ad d o on n G GB BP PU US SD D G GB BP P/ /U US SD D S Sp pr re ea ad d ( (S Sm ma al ll le er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : < < 1 1. .0 0 p pi ip p = = 5 5. .0 0% %, , | | < <1 1. .2 25 5 p pi ip p = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | < < 1 1. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | < < 1 1. .7 75 5 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .5 5% %, , | | < < 2 2 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .0 0% %, , | | < < 2 2. .2 25 5 p pi ip p = = 1 1. .5 5% %, , | | < < 2 2. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 1 1. .0 0% % 5 5. .0 0% % 2 2. .3 3 T Ty yp pi ic ca al l / / M Mi in ni im mu um m S Sp pr re ea ad d o on n U US SD DJ JP PY Y U US SD D/ /J JP PY Y S Sp pr re ea ad d ( (S Sm ma al ll le er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : < < 1 1. .0 0 p pi ip p = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | < <1 1. .2 25 5 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .5 5% %, , | | < < 1 1. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | < <1 1. .7 75 5 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .5 5% %, , | | < < 2 2 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .0 0% %, , | | < < 2 2. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 1 1. .0 0% % 4 4. .0 0% % 2 2. .4 4 T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s C Ch ha ar rg ge ed d C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s ( (S Sm ma al ll le er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ) N No o C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s = = 7 7% % | | C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s < < $ $5 5 / / l lo ot t = = 3 3% % | | C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s < < $ $8 8 / / l lo ot t = = 1 1% % | | H Hi ig gh he er r C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s = = 0 0% % F Fi il lt te er r: : H Hi ig gh he er r c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s t th ha an n $ $2 20 0 / / l lo ot t w wi il ll l f fo or rc ce e 2 2. .1 1, , 2 2. .2 2, , 2 2. .3 3 & & 2 2. .4 4 r ra at ti in ng gs s t to o z ze er ro o ( (0 0) ) v va al lu ue e 7 7. .0 0% % 2 2. .5 5 D De ep po os si it t / / W Wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s N No o = = 2 2. .0 0 % %, , | | Y Ye es s = = 0 0 % %, , | | 1 1- -F Fr re ee e / / M Mo on nt th h = = 0 0. .5 5 % % 2 2. .0 0% %
  • 11. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 11 2 2. . T TR RA AD DI IN NG G C CO OS ST T & & S SI IM MI IL LA AR R W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 2 2. .6 6 M Ma ai in nt te en na an nc ce e / / I In na ac ct ti iv ve e A Ac cc co ou un nt t F Fe ee es s N No o = = 2 2. .0 0 % %, , | | Y Ye es s = = 0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % T TO OT TA AL L= = 2 28 8. .0 0% % 2 2. .7 7 A AD DJ JU US ST TM ME EN NT TS S A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t o of f F Fa ac ct to or r- -2 2 b by y k ke ee ep pi in ng g t th he e O Ov ve er ra al ll l R Ra at ti in ng g a at t m ma ax xi im mu um m 2 28 8. .0 0% % 2 2. .7 7. .1 1 E Ex xe ec cu ut ti io on n E EC CN N = = + +2 2. .0 0 % % / / S ST TP P = = + +1 1. .5 5 % % | | M Ma ar rk ke et t M Ma ak ke er rs s = = + +0 0. .0 0% % + +2 2. .0 0% % 2 2. .7 7. .2 2 S SW WA AP P C Ch ha ar rg ge es s F Fu ut tu ur re e V Ve er rs si io on ns s + + F FA AC CT TO OR R- -2 2 E EX XP PL LA AN NA AT TI IO ON N: : 2 2. .1 1 – – 2 2. .2 2 - - 2 2. .3 3 T Ty yp pi ic ca al l / / M Mi in ni im mu um m S Sp pr re ea ad d o on n E EU UR R/ /U US SD D, , G GP PB B/ /U US SD D a an nd d U US SD D/ /J JP PY Y ( (1 17 7% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co os st t i is s v ve er ry y c cr ru uc ci ia al l f fo or r e ev ve er ry y t tr ra ad di in ng g s st ty yl le e. . F Fo or r r ra at ti in ng g t th he e s si iz ze e o of f t th he e s sp pr re ea ad d, , t th he e m mo os st t p po op pu ul la ar r F Fo or re ex x c cu ur rr re en nc ci ie es s a ar re e u us se ed d: : E EU UR R/ /U US SD D, , G GP PB B/ /U US SD D a an nd d U US SD D/ /J JP PY Y. . T Th he es se e 3 3 p pa ai ir rs s e en nj jo oy y t th he e h hi ig gh he es st t l li iq qu ui id di it ty y i in n t th he e m ma ar rk ke et t a an nd d o of ff fe er r b by y f fa ar r t th he e b be es st t t te er rm ms s o of f t tr ra ad di in ng g. . I If f a a b br ro ok ke er r i is s e ex xp pe en ns si iv ve e o on n t th ho os se e 3 3 p pa ai ir rs s h he e w wi il ll l b be e p pr ro ob ba ab bl ly y e ex xp pe en ns si iv ve e i in n h hi is s w wh ho ol le e a as ss se et t i in nd de ex x. . T To o m ma ak ke e r ra at ti in ng gs s m mo or re e r re el li ia ab bl le e a an nd d m mo or re e c co om mp pa ar ra ab bl le e w we e p pr re ef fe er r t to o u us se e a as s i in np pu ut ts s F Fi ix xe ed d S Sp pr re ea ad ds s w wi it th ho ou ut t C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s ( (w wh he en n a an nd d i if f t th he ey y a ar re e a av va ai il la ab bl le e b by y F Fo or re ex x b br ro ok ke er rs s) ). . F Fi il lt te er r: : A A f fi il lt te er r w wa as s a ad dd de ed d o on n 2 2. .1 1 I If f t th he e t tr ra ad di in ng g s sp pr re ea ad d e ex xc ce ee ed ds s 5 5. .0 0 p pi ip ps s t th he en n a au ut to om ma at ti ic ca al ll ly y t th he e 2 2. .2 2 r ra at ti in ng g h ha as s a al ls so o a a z ze er ro o ( (0 0) ) v va al lu ue e. . T Th hi is s i is s h ha ap pp pe en ni in ng g b be ec ca au us se e a a v ve er ry y h hi ig gh h s sp pr re ea ad d e el li im mi in na at te es s t th he e a ad dv va an nt ta ag ge e o of f n no ot t c ch ha ar rg ge ed d t tr ra ad di in ng g c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s. . 2 2. .4 4 C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s C Ch ha ar rg ge ed d, , ( (7 7% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n S So om me e B Br ro ok ke er rs s c ch ha ar rg ge e t tr ra ad di in ng g c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s, , s so om me e d do on n’ ’t t. . B Br ro ok ke er rs s t th ha at t a ar re e c ch ha ar rg gi in ng g l lo ow w c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s a ar re e r ra at te ed d b be en ne ef fi ic ci ia al ll ly y. . I In n a ad dd di it ti io on n, , w wh he en n m me ea as su ur ri in ng g c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s c ch ha ar rg ge ed d w we e c ch ho oo os se e t th he e e ex xa ac ct t s sa am me e a ac cc co ou un nt t t ty yp pe e a as s w wh he en n m me ea as su ur ri in ng g t th he e s sp pr re ea ad d c ch ha ar rg ge ed d i in n 2 2. .1 1, , 2 2. .2 2 a an nd d 2 2. .3 3 r ra at ti in ng gs s. . F Fi il lt te er r: : A A f fi il lt te er r w wa as s a ad dd de ed d o on n 2 2. .4 4
  • 12. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 12 I If f t tr ra ad di in ng g c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s o on n 2 2. .4 4 r ra at ti in ng g a ar re e v ve er ry y h hi ig gh h { {m mo or re e t th ha an n $ $2 20 0/ /l lo ot t t tr ra ad de ed d} } t th he en n t th he e 2 2. .1 1, , 2 2. .2 2 a an nd d 2 2. .3 3 r ra at ti in ng gs s a ar re e f fo or rc ce ed d t to o z ze er ro o ( (0 0) ) v va al lu ue es s. . T Th hi is s i is s h ha ap pp pe en ni in ng g b be ec ca au us se e v ve er ry y h hi ig gh h c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s a ar re e e el li im mi in na at ti in ng g t th he e a ad dv va an nt ta ag ge e o of f l lo ow w o or r e ev ve en n z ze er ro o s sp pr re ea ad ds s t th ha at t a a F Fo or re ex x b br ro ok ke er r m ma ay y o of ff fe er r. . 2 2. .5 5 D De ep po os si it t / / W Wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l F Fe ee es s a an nd d C Co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s, , ( (2 2% %) ) - - R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n W Wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l a an nd d D De ep po os si it t c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s a ar re e r re ed du uc ci in ng g t tr ra ad di in ng g f fu un nd ds s a an nd d t th ha at t i is s w wh hy y t th he ey y a ar re e c co on ns si id de er re ed d a as s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t i is ss su ue e. . W We e d do on n’ ’t t l li ik ke e d de ep po os si it t / / w wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s s so o w we e r ra at te e t th he em m u un nf fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y. . 2 2. .6 6 M Ma ai in nt te en na an nc ce e / / I In na ac ct ti iv ve e A Ac cc co ou un nt t F Fe ee es s, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n S So om me e b br ro ok ke er rs s a ar re e c ch ha ar rg gi in ng g f fe ee es s f fo or r m ma ai in nt te en na an nc ce e a an nd d c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s f fo or r i in na ac ct ti iv ve e a ac cc co ou un nt ts s. . T Th hi is s m me ea an ns s e ex xt tr ra a c co os st t f fo or r t tr ra ad de er rs s. . 2 2. .7 7 + +A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s 2 2. .7 7. .1 1 E Ex xe ec cu ut ti io on n, , ( (+ +2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t T Th he e t ty yp pe e o of f e ex xe ec cu ut ti io on n i is s v ve er ry y c cr ru uc ci ia al l a as s i it t a af ff fe ec ct ts s s sl li ip pp pa ag ge e a an nd d t th he e s si iz ze e o of f t th he e s sp pr re ea ad d. . E EC CN N b br ro ok ke er rs s a ar re e u us su ua al ll ly y o of ff fe er r t th he e b be es st t t tr ra ad di in ng g t te er rm ms s b bu ut t S ST TP P b br ro ok ke er rs s a ar re e n no ot t b ba ad d a al ls so o. . 2 2. .7 7. .2 2 S SW WA AP P V Va al lu ue es s T Th he e l le ev ve el l o of f S SW WA AP P c ch ha ar rg ge ed d b by y a a b br ro ok ke er r a af ff fe ec ct ts s m ma ai in nl ly y S SW WI IN NG G a an nd d P Po os si it ti io on n T Tr ra ad de er rs s. . T Th hi is s f fa ac ct to or r i is s d di if ff fi ic cu ul lt t t to o b be e m me ea as su ur re ed d a an nd d i it t w wi il ll l b be e u us se ed d o on nl ly y i in n f fu ut tu ur re e v ve er rs si io on ns s o of f t th he e r ra at ti in ng g f fo or rm mu ul la a. . R RA AT TI IN NG G F FA AC CT TO OR R- -2 2- - E EX XA AM MP PL LE ES S i i) ) A An n E EC CN N F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r w wh ho o p pr ro ov vi id de es s 2 2 p pi ip ps s s sp pr re ea ad d o on n E EU UR R/ /U US SD D, , 3 3 p pi ip ps s s sp pr re ea ad d o on n G GB BP P/ /U US SD D a an nd d 3 3 p pi ip ps s s sp pr re ea ad d o on n U US SD D/ /J JP PY Y b by y n no ot t c ch ha ar rg gi in ng g c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s o or r a an ny y k ki in nd d o of f f fe ee es s r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 1 16 6. .0 0% % r ra at ti in ng g. . i ii i) ) A A M Ma ar rk ke et t M Ma ak ke er r F Fo or re ex x C Co om mp pa an ny y w wh hi ic ch h p pr ro ov vi id de es s 2 2 p pi ip ps s s sp pr re ea ad d o on n E EU UR R/ /U US SD D, , 3 3 p pi ip ps s s sp pr re ea ad d o on n G GB BP P/ /U US SD D a an nd d 3 3 p pi ip ps s s sp pr re ea ad d o on n U US SD D/ /J JP PY Y b by y c ch ha ar rg gi in ng g h hi ig gh h t tr ra ad di in ng g c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s p pl lu us s r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 3 3. .0 0% %. . I If f t th hi is s b br ro ok ke er rs s c ch ha ar rg ge es s w wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l f fe ee es s b bu ut t n no ot t m ma ai in nt te en na an nc ce e c co om mm mi is ss si io on ns s, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n e ex xt tr ra a 2 2. .0 0% % r ra at ti in ng g. . G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l = = 5 5% %. .
  • 13. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 13 ( (5 5) ) T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s, , ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 26 6% %) ) T Th he e e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f s su uf ff fi ic ci ie en nt t t tr ra ad di in ng g o op pt ti io on ns s i is s a al ls so o a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t i is ss su ue e f fo or r e ev ve er ry yo on ne e w wh ho o i is s t tr ra ad di in ng g o on nl li in ne e. . M Mo or re e T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s m me ea an ns s m mo or re e o op pp po or rt tu un ni it ti ie es s, , a an nd d o op pp po or rt tu un ni it ti ie es s w wh he en n i in nv ve es st ti in ng g o on nl li in ne e r re ea al ll ly y m ma at tt te er r. . T Ta ab bl le e: : T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s 3 3. . T TR RA AD DI IN NG G O OP PT TI IO ON NS S W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 3 3. .1 1 A Av va ai il la ab bl le e N Nu um mb be er r o of f F Fo or re ex x A As ss se et ts s 4 45 5+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 8 8. .0 0% %, , | | 4 40 0+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 7 7. .0 0% %, , | | 3 35 5+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 6 6. .0 0% %, , | | 3 30 0+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 5 5. .0 0% %, , | | 2 25 5+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 4 4. .0 0% %, , | | 2 20 0+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 3 3. .0 0% %, , | | 1 15 5+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 2 2. .0 0% %, , | | 1 10 0+ + C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s = = 1 1. .0 0% %, , | | L Le es ss s t th ha an n 1 10 0 p pa ai ir rs s = = 0 0% % 8 8. .0 0% % 3 3. .2 2 C CF FD D T Tr ra ad di in ng g / / S Sp po ot t M Me et ta al ls s C CF FD D T Tr ra ad di in ng g = = 2 2. .0 0 % % | | O On nl ly y S Sp po ot t = = 1 1. .0 0 % % | | N No ot th hi in ng g = = 0 0% % 2 2. .0 0% % 3 3. .3 3 D De em mo o / / P Pr ra ac ct ti ic ce e A Ac cc co ou un nt t Y Ye es s = = 2 2. .0 0 % %, , N No o = = 0 0. .0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % 3 3. .4 4 L Le ev ve er ra ag ge e L Le ev ve er ra ag ge e R Ra at te e ( (H Hi ig gh he er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : > >1 10 00 0: :1 1 = = 2 2. .0 0% %, , | | > > 7 75 5: :1 1 = =1 1. .5 5% %, , > >5 50 0: :1 1 = = 1 1. .0 0% % 2 2. .0 0% % 3 3. .5 5 B Bo on nu us s / / R Re eb ba at te e ■ ■ B Bo on nu us s ( (H Hi ig gh he er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : > >5 50 0% % = = 6 6% %, , | | > >4 40 0% % = = 5 5% %, , | | > >3 30 0% % = = 4 4% %, , | | > >2 20 0% % = = 3 3% %, , | | > >1 15 5% % = = 2 2% %, , | | > >1 10 0% % = = 1 1% % ■ ■ R Re eb ba at te e ( (H Hi ig gh he er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : > >3 30 0% % = = 6 6% %, , | | > >2 25 5% % = = 5 5% %, , | | > >2 20 0% % = = 4 4% %, , | | > >1 15 5% % = = 3 3% %, , | | > >1 10 0% % = = 2 2% %, , | | > >5 5% % = = 1 1. .0 0% % 6 6. .0 0% % 3 3. .6 6 M Mi in ni im mu um m D De ep po os si it t ( (S Sm ma al ll le er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : M Mi in n D De ep po os si it t < < $ $5 50 00 0 = = + +1 1% %, , | | M Mi in n D De ep po os si it t < < $ $1 1, ,0 00 00 0 = = + +0 0. .5 5% % 1 1. .0 0% % 3 3. .7 7 D De ep po os si it t M Me et th ho od ds s F Fo or r e ea ac ch h d de ep po os si it t m me et th ho od d a av va ai il la ab bl le e = = 0 0, ,5 5% %, , m ma ax x = = 5 5 m me et th ho od ds s 2 2. .5 5% %
  • 14. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 14 3 3. . T TR RA AD DI IN NG G O OP PT TI IO ON NS S W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 3 3. .8 8 W Wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l M Me et th ho od ds s F Fo or r e ea ac ch h w wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l m me et th ho od d a av va ai il la ab bl le e = = 0 0, ,5 5% %, , m ma ax x = = 5 5 m me et th ho od ds s 2 2. .5 5% % T TO OT TA AL L= = 2 26 6. .0 0% % 3 3. .9 9 A AD DJ JU US ST TM ME EN NT TS S A Ad dj ju us st ti in ng g F Fa ac ct to or r- -3 3 b by y k ke ee ep pi in ng g t th he e O Ov ve er ra al ll l R Ra at ti in ng g 2 26 6. .0 0 % % 3 3. .9 9. .1 1 M Mo or re e t th ha an n 1 10 00 0 C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y p pa ai ir rs s Y Ye es s = = 1 1. .0 0 % % / / N No o = = 0 0 % % + +1 1. .0 0% % 3 3. .9 9. .2 2 I In nt te er re es st t o on n D De ep po os si it te ed d F Fu un nd ds s Y Ye es s = = 0 0. .5 50 0 % %, , N No o = = 0 0. .0 0 % % + +0 0. .5 50 0% % 3 3. .9 9. .3 3 T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co om mp pe et ti it ti io on ns s / / C Ch ha am mp pi io on ns sh hi ip ps s Y Ye es s = = 0 0. .2 25 5 % % / / N No o = = 0 0 % % + +0 0. .2 25 5% % F FA AC CT TO OR R- -3 3 E EX XP PL LA AN NA AT TI IO ON N: : 3 3. .1 1 A Av va ai il la ab bl le e N Nu um mb be er r o of f C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y P Pa ai ir rs s, , ( (8 8% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e h hi ig gh he er r t th he e n nu um mb be er r o of f c cu ur rr re en nc cy y p pa ai ir rs s a av va ai il la ab bl le e, , t th he e h hi ig gh he er r t th he e p po ot te en nt ti ia al l f fo or r t tr ra ad de er rs s t to o e ex xp pl lo oi it t t tr ra ad di in ng g o op pp po or rt tu un ni it ti ie es s i in n t th he e F Fo or re ex x M Ma ar rk ke et t. . T Th hi is s i is s v va al li id d f fo or r a al ll l t tr ra ad di in ng g s st ty yl le es s. . 3 3. .2 2 C CF FD D a an nd d S Sp po ot t M Me et ta al ls s T Tr ra ad di in ng g, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n F Fu ur rt th he er rm mo or re e, , t th he e w wi id de er r t th he e v va ar ri ie et ty y o of f t tr ra ad di in ng g a as ss se et ts s a an nd d t to oo ol ls s ( (C CF FD D t tr ra ad di in ng g e et tc c) ) i in nd di ic ca at te es s a a F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r c co om mp pa an ny y t th ha at t t tr ri ie es s t to od da ay y t to o e ex xp pa an nd d i it ts s s se er rv vi ic ce es s a an nd d a ad da ap pt t o on n m mo or re e c cu us st to om me er r n ne ee ed ds s. . 3 3. .3 3 D De em mo o / / P Pr ra ac ct ti ic ce e A Ac cc co ou un nt t, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f D De em mo o A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s h he el lp ps s t tr ra ad de er rs s t to o m ma ak ke e t th he e r ri ig gh ht t c ch ho oi ic ce es s w wi it th ho ou ut t l lo oo os si in ng g p pr re ec ci io ou us s t ti im me e. . E Ev ve er ry y F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r t th ha at t r re es sp pe ec ct ts s h hi im ms se el lf f m mu us st t o of ff fe er r a a d de em mo o a ac cc co ou un nt t. . 3 3. .4 4 L Le ev ve er ra ag ge e, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e m ma ag gn ni it tu ud de e o of f t th he e c ca ap pi it ta al l l le ev ve er ra ag ge e a ad dd ds s e ex xt tr ra a c ca ap pa ab bi il li it ti ie es s t to o F Fo or re ex x t tr ra ad de er rs s a an nd d t th ha at t i is s w wh hy y i it t i is s c co on ns si id de er re ed d a as s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t p pa ar ra am me et te er r o of f q qu ua al li it ty y F Fo or re ex x
  • 15. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 15 b br ro ok ke er ra ag ge e. . O Of f c co ou ur rs se e h hi ig gh h l le ev ve er ra ag ge e m me ea an ns s h hi ig gh h r ri is sk k t th ha at t i is s w wh hy y w we e r ra at te e m ma ax xi im mu um m b br ro ok ke er rs s o of ff fe er ri in ng g l le ev ve er ra ag ge e o of f 1 10 00 0: :1 1. . H Hi ig gh he er r l le ev ve er ra ag ge e t th ha an n t th ha at t, , s sh ho ou ul ld d b be e b be et tt te er r a av vo oi id de ed d. . 3 3. .5 5 B Bo on nu us s / / R Re eb ba at te e, , ( (6 6% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e h hi ig gh he er r t th he e b bo on nu us s o or r r re eb ba at te e o of ff fe er re ed d, , t th he e l la ar rg ge er r t th he e a av va ai il la ab bl le e f fu un nd ds s. . W We e r ra at te e t th he em m t th he e s sa am me e b bu ut t r re eb ba at te es s i is s t th he e c ch ho oi ic ce e o of f p pr ro o F Fo or re ex x t tr ra ad de er rs s. . 3 3. .6 6 M Mi in ni im mu um m D De ep po os si it t, , ( (1 1% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e s sm ma al ll le er r t th he e m mi in ni im mu um m d de ep po os si it t t th he e e ea as si ie er r a a t tr ra ad de er r c ca an n ‘ ‘t te es st t’ ’ a a F Fo or re ex x b br ro ok ke er r o on n r re ea al l c co on nd di it ti io on ns s. . 3 3. .7 7 N Nu um mb be er r o of f D De ep po os si it t M Me et th ho od ds s, , ( (2 2. .5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n T Th he e w wi id de er r t th he e v va ar ri ie et ty y o of f D De ep po os si it t M Me et th ho od ds s t th he e m mo or re e s su ui it ta ab bl le e a a b br ro ok ke er r b be ec co om me es s t to o h hi is s c cu us st to om me er r n ne ee ed ds s. . T Tr ra ad de er rs s w wh ho o a ar re e a ab bl le e t to o f fu un nd d t th he ei ir r a ac cc co ou un nt ts s w wi it th h t th he ei ir r c cu us st to om m m me et th ho od d s sa av ve e p pr re ec ci io ou us s t ti im me e. . 3 3. .8 8 N Nu um mb be er r o of f W Wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l M Me et th ho od ds s, , ( (2 2. .5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n V Va ar ri ie et ty y o of f w wi it th hd dr ra aw wi in ng g m me et th ho od ds s i is s o of f e eq qu ua al l i im mp po or rt ta an nc ce e. . 3 3. .9 9 + +A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s 3 3. .9 9. .1 1 M Mo or re e t th ha an n 1 10 00 0 C Cu ur rr re en nc cy y p pa ai ir rs s ( (+ +1 1% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t B Br ro ok ke er rs s w wh ho o a ar re e a ab bl le e t to o o of ff fe er r s su uc ch h a an n e ex xt te en ns si iv ve e c cu ur rr re en nc cy y i in nd de ex x a ar re e r ra at te ed d f fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y, , b bu ut t i in n r re ea al li it ty y o on nl ly y a a f fe ew w b br ro ok ke er rs s a ar re e a ab bl le e t to o o of ff fe er r m mo or re e t th ha an n 1 10 00 0 F Fo or re ex x p pa ai ir rs s. . 3 3. .9 9. .2 2 I In nt te er re es st t o on n D De ep po os si it te ed d F Fu un nd ds s, , ( (+ +0 0. .5 50 0% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t T Th hi is s i is s a a v ve er ry y i in nt te er re es st ti in ng g a ac cc co ou un nt t o op pt ti io on n t th ha at t u un nf fo or rt tu un na at te el ly y i is s o of ff fe er re ed d b by y o on nl ly y a a f fe ew w F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er rs s. .
  • 16. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 16 3 3. .9 9. .3 3 E Ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co om mp pe et ti it ti io on ns s / / C Ch ha am mp pi io on ns sh hi ip ps s, , ( (+ +0 0. .2 25 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t A A t tr ra ad di in ng g c co om mp pe et ti it ti io on n ( (R Re ea al l / / D De em mo o) ) c ca an n p pr ro ov vi id de e e ea as sy y m mo on ne ey y f fo or r t tr ra ad de er rs s, , b bu ut t o on nl ly y a a f fe ew w t tr ra ad de er rs s a ac ct tu ua al ll ly y p pa ar rt ti ic ci ip pa at te e s so o t th he e r ra at ti in ng g w we ei ig gh ht t o of f t th hi is s f fa ac ct to or r r re em ma ai in ns s v ve er ry y l lo ow w ( (+ +0 0. .2 25 5% %) ) R RA AT TI IN NG G F FA AC CT TO OR R- -3 3- - E EX XA AM MP PL LE ES S i i) ) A A F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id di in ng g 5 50 0 F Fo or re ex x p pa ai ir rs s, , p pl lu us s C CF FD D t tr ra ad di in ng g a an nd d a a d de em mo o a ac cc co ou un nt t, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 1 12 2% %. . N No ow w, , i if f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id de es s l le ev ve er ra ag ge e a at t 5 50 0: :1 1 a an nd d a a d de ep po os si it t b bo on nu us s o of f 3 30 0% % r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n e ex xt tr ra a 5 5% %. . I If f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id de es s 4 4 d de ep po os si it t a an nd d 4 4 w wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l m me et th ho od ds s a an nd d m mi in ni im mu um m d de ep po os si it t o of f $ $1 1, ,5 50 00 0, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n a ad dd di it ti io on na al l 4 4% %. . A An nd d a ac cc co or rd di in ng g t to o t th he e a ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s m ma ad de e, , i if f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r o of ff fe er rs s a a t tr ra ad di in ng g c ch ha am mp pi io on ns sh hi ip p b bu ut t n no o i in nt te er re es st t a at t f fu un nd ds s, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n a ad dd di it ti io on na al l 0 0. .2 25 5% % r ra at ti in ng g. . G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l r ra at ti in ng g o of f 2 21 1. .2 25 5% %. . i ii i) ) A A F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id di in ng g 1 12 2 F Fo or re ex x p pa ai ir rs s, , w wi it th ho ou ut t C CF FD D t tr ra ad di in ng g b bu ut t w wi it th h a a d de em mo o a ac cc co ou un nt t, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 3 3% %. . I If f i it t p pr ro ov vi id de es s l le ev ve er ra ag ge e a at t 1 10 00 0: :1 1 a an nd d a a d de ep po os si it t b bo on nu us s o of f 4 40 0% % r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 7 7% %. . I If f 2 2 d de ep po os si it t a an nd d 2 2 w wi it th hd dr ra aw wa al l m me et th ho od ds s a ar re e a av va ai il la ab bl le e a an nd d t th he e m mi in ni im mu um m d de ep po os si it t i is s $ $1 10 00 0, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n a ad dd di it ti io on na al l 3 3% %. . A An nd d a ac cc co or rd di in ng g t to o t th he e a ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s m ma ad de e, , i if f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r o of ff fe er rs s n no o c co on nt te es st ts s a an nd d n no o i in nt te er re es st t o on n f fu un nd ds s, , r re ec ce ei iv ve es s n no o e ex xt tr ra a r ra at ti in ng g. . G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l r ra at ti in ng g o of f 1 13 3. .0 00 0% %. .
  • 17. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 17 ( (6 6) ) T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gy y & & I In nn no ov va at ti io on n, , ( (W We ei ig gh ht t 2 20 0% %) ) T Th he e e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f a a t te ec ch hn no ol lo og gi ic ca al l e ef ff fi ic ci ie en nt t t tr ra ad di in ng g e en nv vi ir ro on nm me en nt t i is s c ce er rt ta ai in nl ly y a a c cr ru uc ci ia al l i is ss su ue e w wh he en n t tr ra ad di in ng g F Fo or re ex x o on nl li in ne e. . E Ef ff fi ic ci ie en nt t t te ec ch hn no ol lo og gy y m ma ak ke es s t tr ra ad di in ng g m mo or re e e en nj jo oy ya ab bl le e a an nd d m mo or re e p pr ro of fi it ta ab bl le e, , e es sp pe ec ci ia al ll ly y a as s c co on nc ce er rn ns s i in nt tr ra ad da ay y t tr ra ad de es s. . F Fu ur rt th he er rm mo or re e, , a a b br ro ok ke er r t th ha at t i in nv ve es st ts s t to od da ay y t to o m ma ak ke e h hi is s s se er rv vi ic ce es s m mo or re e t te ec ch hn no ol lo og gi ic ca al l a ad dv va an nc ce ed d m me ea an ns s a a b br ro ok ke er r w wi it th h a a l lo on ng g- -t te er rm m p pe er rs sp pe ec ct ti iv ve e a an nd d a a c cu us st to om me er r- -o or ri ie en nt te ed d b bu us si in ne es ss s p ph hi il lo os so op ph hy y. . T Ta ab bl le e: : T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gi ic ca al l E Ef ff fi ic ci ie en nc cy y & & I In nn no ov va at ti io on n 4 4. . T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T 4 4. .1 1 N Nu um mb be er r o of f A Av va ai il la ab bl le e P Pl la at tf fo or rm ms s E Ea ac ch h S Su up pp po or rt te ed d P Pl la at tf fo or rm m = = 1 1. .0 0% %, , m ma ax x = = 5 5 p pl la at tf fo or rm ms s 5 5. .0 0% % 4 4. .2 2 S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e o on n E Ex xe ec cu ut ti io on n ( (S Sm ma al ll le er r o or r E Eq qu ua al l) ): : S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 0 0. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 4 4. .0 0% % | | S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 0 0. .7 75 5 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .5 5% % | | S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 1 1 p pi ip p = = 3 3. .0 0% % | | S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 1 1. .2 25 5 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .5 5% % | | S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 1 1. .5 5 p pi ip p = = 2 2. .0 0% % | | S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 1 1. .7 75 5 p pi ip p = = 1 1. .5 5% % | | S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e < < 2 2. .0 0 p pi ip p = = 1 1. .0 0% % 4 4. .0 0% % 4 4. .3 3 A Au ut to om ma at te ed d T Tr ra ad di in ng g ( (E Ex xp pe er rt t A Ad dv vi is so or rs s) ) Y Ye es s = = 2 2. .0 0 % % / / N No o = = 0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % 4 4. .4 4 M MT T4 4 / / M MT T5 5 A Av va ai il la ab bi il li it ty y Y Ye es s = = 2 2. .0 0 % % / / N No o = = 0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % 4 4. .5 5 M Mo ob bi il le e T Tr ra ad di in ng g E Ea ac ch h S Su up pp po or rt te ed d D De ev vi ic ce e = = 0 0. .5 50 0 % % ( (i iP Ph ho on ne e, , i iP Pa ad d, , A An nd dr ro oi id d, , W Wi in nd do ow ws s M Mo ob bi il le e, , B Bl la ac ck kb be er rr ry y) ), , m ma ax x = = 4 4 d de ev vi ic ce es s * * S Sp pe ec ci ia al l H HT TM ML L5 5 A Ap pp ps s t th ha at t a ar re e c co ov ve er ri in ng g a al ll l d de ev vi ic ce es s = = 2 2. .0 0 % % 2 2. .0 0% % 4 4. .6 6 S Sc ca al lp pi in ng g / / H He ed dg gi in ng g Y Ye es s b bo ot th h = = 1 1. .0 0 % % | | Y Ye es s o on nl ly y H He ed dg gi in ng g o or r S Sc ca al lp pi in ng g = = 0 0. .5 5% % | | N No o = = 0 0 % % 1 1. .0 0% % 4 4. .7 7 C Cu us st to om me er r S Se er rv vi ic ce e 2 24 4/ /7 7 = = 1 1. .0 0 % %, , | | 2 24 4/ /6 6 = = 0 0. .5 5 % %, , | | 2 24 4/ /5 5 = = 0 0 % %, , | | e em ma ai il l = = 1 1. .0 0% %, , | | 4 4. .0 0% %
  • 18. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 18 4 4. . T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y W WE EI IG GH HI IN NG G A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S W WE EI IG GH HT T P Ph ho on ne e = = 1 1. .0 0 % %. . | | L Li iv ve e C Ch ha at t = = 1 1. .0 0 % %, , | | S Sk ky yp pe e = = 0 0. .5 5 % %, , | | C Ca al ll l- - B Ba ac ck k = = 0 0. .5 5 % % T TO OT TA AL L= = 2 20 0. .0 0% % 4 4. .8 8 A AD DJ JU US ST TM ME EN NT TS S A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t o of f F Fa ac ct to or r- -4 4 b by y k ke ee ep pi in ng g t th he e O Ov ve er ra al ll l R Ra at ti in ng g a at t m ma ax xi im mu um m 2 20 0. .0 0 % % 4 4. .8 8. .1 1 P PA AM MM M M Ma an na ag ge ed d A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s P PA AM MM M = = 0 0. .5 5 % % / / S Si im mp pl le e M Ma an na ag ge ed d = = 0 0. .2 25 5% %, , N No o = = 0 0 % % + +0 0. .5 5% % 4 4. .8 8. .2 2 A AP PI I T Tr ra ad di in ng g Y Ye es s = = 0 0. .5 5 % % / / N No o = = 0 0 % % + +0 0. .5 5% % F FA AC CT TO OR R- -4 4 E EX XP PL LA AN NA AT TI IO ON N: : 4 4. .1 1 N Nu um mb be er r o of f A Av va ai il la ab bl le e P Pl la at tf fo or rm ms s, , ( (5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n A A w wi id de e v va ar ri ie et ty y o of f t tr ra ad di in ng g p pl la at tf fo or rm ms s p pr ro ov vi id de es s t tr ra ad de er rs s w wi it th h m mo or re e o op pt ti io on ns s. . 4 4. .2 2 S Sl li ip pp pa ag ge e, , ( (4 4% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n E Ex xe ec cu ut ti io on n d de el la ay ys s a an nd d r re e- -q qu uo ot te es s a ar re e c ce er rt ta ai in nl ly y s so om me e o of f t th he e w wo or rs st t e en ne em mi ie es s o of f S Sh ho or rt t- -T Tr ra ad de er rs s. . F Fu ur rt th he er rm mo or re e, , P Po os si it ti io on n a an nd d S Sw wi in ng g T Tr ra ad de er rs s c ca an n a al ls so o b be e h ha ar rm me ed d b by y e ex xe ec cu ut ti io on n d de el la ay ys s. . S So om me eo on ne e w wh ho o t tr ra ad de es s i in n t th he e l lo on ng g- -r ru un n h ha as s t to o e en nt te er r i in n t th he e s sh ho or rt t- -r ru un n. . T Th he e t ti im mi in ng g o of f t th ha at t e en nt tr ra an nc ce e u us su ua al ll ly y o oc cc cu ur rs s a af ft te er r s so om me e i im mp po or rt ta an nt t n ne ew ws s h ha av ve e ‘ ‘t tr ri ig gg ge er re ed d’ ’ a a t tr ra ad de e. . E Ex xa ac ct tl ly y a at t t th ha at t t ti im me e, , h hi ig gh h s sl li ip pp pa ag ge e a an nd d d de el la ay ys s c ca an n l le ea ad d s sw wi in ng g- -t tr ra ad de er rs s t to o p pa ay y v ve er ry y h hi ig gh h e en nt tr ra an nc ce e p pr re em mi iu um ms s. . 4 4. .3 3 A Au ut to om ma at te ed d T Tr ra ad di in ng g ( (E Ex xp pe er rt t A Ad dv vi is so or rs s) ), , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e a ab bi il li it ty y t to o r re ec ce ei iv ve e s si ig gn na al ls s f fr ro om m E Ex xp pe er rt t A Ad dv vi is so or rs s ( (i i. .e e. . Z Zu ul lu u T Tr ra ad de e a an nd d T Tr ra ad de en nc cy y' 's s M Mi ir rr ro or r T Tr ra ad de er r) ) i is s a an n i im mp po or rt ta an nt t t tr ra ad di in ng g f fe ea at tu ur re e. . 4 4. .4 4 M Mo ob bi il le e T Tr ra ad di in ng g, , ( (2 2% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n M Mo ob bi il le e t tr ra ad di in ng g i is s n no ot t j ju us st t a a t tr re en nd d, , i it t i is s t th he e f fu ut tu ur re e o of f t tr ra ad di in ng g. .
  • 19. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 19 4 4. .5 5 M MT T4 4 / / M MT T5 5 A Av va ai il la ab bi il li it ty y, , ( (1 1% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n M Me et ta aT Tr ra ad de er r p pl la at tf fo or rm m i is s a a c cl le ea ar r s st ta an nd da ar rd d i in n t th he e F Fo or re ex x i in nd du us st tr ry y. . 4 4. .6 6 S Sc ca al lp pi in ng g a an nd d H He ed dg gi in ng g, , ( (1 1% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : S Se el le ec ct ti io on n T Th he e a ab bi il li it ty y t to o s sc ca al lp p F Fo or re ex x c cu ur rr re en nc ci ie es s i is s a an n i is ss su ue e i im mp po or rt ta an nt t f fo or r o on nl ly y a a f fe ew w t tr ra ad de er rs s, , a an nd d t th ha at t i is s w wh hy y t th he e t to ot ta al l w we ei ig gh ht t o of f t th hi is s s su ub b- -f fa ac ct to or r i is s j ju us st t 1 1% %. . 4 4. .7 7 C Cu us st to om me er r S Se er rv vi ic ce e, , ( (4 4% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ac cc cu um mu ul la at ti io on n O On nl li in ne e s se er rv vi ic ce es s r re eq qu ui ir re e t th he e e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f a a h hi ig gh h- -q qu ua al li it ty y c cu us st to om me er r s se er rv vi ic ce e. . W We e r ra at te e 2 24 4/ /6 6 a an nd d 2 24 4/ /7 7 c cu us st to om me er r s se er rv vi ic ce e, , a an nd d a ad dd d r ra at ti in ng g p po oi in nt ts s t to o t th he e e ex xi is st te en nc ce e o of f e em ma ai il l, , P Ph ho on ne e, , C Ca al ll l- -B Ba ac ck k, , S Sk ky yp pe e a an nd d L Li iv ve e C Ch ha at t. . 4 4. .8 8 + +A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s 4 4. .8 8. .1 1 P PA AM MM M / / M Ma an na ag ge ed d A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s, , ( (0 0. .5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t M Ma an na ag ge ed d a ac cc co ou un nt ts s h ha av ve e b be ec co om me e v ve er ry y p po op pu ul la ar r n no ow wa ad da ay ys s s so o w we e r ra at te e t th he ei ir r e ex xi is st te en nc ce e f fa av vo or ra ab bl ly y. . W We e r ra at te e P PA AM MM M w wi it th h m ma ax xi im mu um m + +0 0. .5 5% % a an nd d s si im mp pl le e M Ma an na ag ge ed d A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s w wi it th h + +0 0. .2 25 5% %. . 4 4. .8 8. .2 2 A AP PI I T Tr ra ad di in ng g, , ( (0 0. .5 5% %) ) - -R Ra at ti in ng g M Me et th ho od d: : A Ad dj ju us st tm me en nt t T Th he e a av va ai il la ab bi il li it ty y o of f A AP PI I t tr ra ad di in ng g i in nd di ic ca at te es s f fu ur rt th he er rm mo or re e t th ha at t a a F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r f fo oc cu us s o on n s st ta at te e- -o of f- -t th he e- -a ar rt t t tr ra ad di in ng g t te ec ch hn no ol lo og gy y. . R RA AT TI IN NG G F FA AC CT TO OR R- -4 4- - E EX XA AM MP PL LE ES S i i) ) A A F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id di in ng g 5 5 t tr ra ad di in ng g p pl la at tf fo or rm ms s, , i in nc cl lu ud di in ng g M MT T4 4, , w wi it th h s sl li ip pp pa ag ge e 1 1. .5 5 p pi ip p, , f fu ul ll l m mo ob bi il le e t tr ra ad di in ng g a an nd d b by y e en na ab bl li in ng g a au ut to om ma at te ed d t tr ra ad di in ng g a an nd d s sc ca al lp pi in ng g / / h he ed dg gi in ng g r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 1 14 4. .0 0% %. . I In n a ad dd di it ti io on n i if f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r o of ff fe er rs s p ph ho on ne e, , e em ma ai il l, , 2 24 4/ /6 6 a an nd d l li iv ve e c ch ha at t r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n e ex xt tr ra a 3 3. .5 5% %. . F Fi in na al ll ly y i if f i it t p pr ro ov vi id de es s P PA AM MM M A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s b bu ut t n no o A AP PI I t tr ra ad di in ng g r re ec ce ei iv ve es s + +1 1% %. . G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l R Ra at ti in ng g i is s 1 18 8. .5 5% %. .
  • 20. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 20 i ii i) ) A A F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id di in ng g 2 2 t tr ra ad di in ng g p pl la at tf fo or rm ms s, , i in nc cl lu ud di in ng g M MT T4 4, , w wi it th h s sl li ip pp pa ag ge e 2 2. .0 0 p pi ip p, , s su up pp po or rt ti in ng g 2 2 m mo ob bi il le e d de ev vi ic ce es s a an nd d b by y r re ej je ec ct ti in ng g a au ut to om ma at te ed d t tr ra ad di in ng g, , s sc ca al lp pi in ng g a an nd d h he ed dg gi in ng g r re ec ce ei iv ve es s 6 6. .0 0% %. . I In n a ad dd di it ti io on n i if f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r o of ff fe er rs s e em ma ai il l, , 2 24 4/ /5 5, , p ph ho on ne e a an nd d l li iv ve e c ch ha at t i it t r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n e ex xt tr ra a 3 3. .0 0% %. . I If f t th ha at t b br ro ok ke er r p pr ro ov vi id de es s s si im mp pl le e M Ma an na ag ge ed d A Ac cc co ou un nt ts s b bu ut t n no ot t A AP PI I t tr ra ad di in ng g r re ec ce ei iv ve es s a an n e ex xt tr ra a + +1 1% %, , f fr ro om m a ad dj ju us st tm me en nt ts s m ma ad de e. . G Gr ra an nd d T To ot ta al l R Ra at ti in ng g i is s 1 10 0. .0 0% %. .
  • 21. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 21 I If f w we e s su um m t th he e r re es su ul lt ts s o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fa ac ct to or rs s 1 1, , 2 2, , 3 3, , a an nd d 4 4 w we e a ar re e a ab bl le e t to o c ca al lc cu ul la at te e t th he e O Ov ve er ra al ll l B Br ro ok ke er r' 's s R Ra at ti in ng g. . 4 4- -F FA AC CT TO OR RS S R RA AT TI IN NG G W WE EI IG GH HT T F Fa ac ct to or r- -1 1: : S Sa af fe et ty y o of f T Tr ra ad di in ng g F Fu un nd ds s 2 26 6. .0 00 0% % F Fa ac ct to or r- -2 2: : O Ov ve er ra al ll l T Tr ra ad di in ng g C Co os st t 2 28 8. .0 00 0% % F Fa ac ct to or r- -3 3: : T Tr ra ad di in ng g O Op pt ti io on ns s 2 26 6. .0 00 0% % F Fa ac ct to or r- -4 4: : T Te ec ch hn no ol lo og gi ic ca al l E Ef ff fi ic ci ie en nc cy y 2 20 0. .0 00 0% % = = 1 10 00 0. .0 00 0% % F Fi in na al l W Wo or rd ds s - -T To ow wa ar rd ds s t th he e F Fu ut tu ur re e T Th he e i id de ea a, , a an nd d t th he e i im mp pl le em me en nt ta at ti io on n, , o of f t th he e s se er ri ie es s o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s i is s u un ni iq qu ue e, , b bu ut t i it t h ha as s s st ti il ll l a a l lo on ng g w wa ay y t to o g go o b be ef fo or re e i it t b be ec co om me es s c co om mp pl le et te el ly y o op pt ti im mi iz ze ed d. . T Th hi in nk ki in ng g a at t t th he e f fu ut tu ur re e a an nd d g gi iv ve en n t th he e u up pc co om mi in ng g p pr ro ob bl le em m o of f t th he e w we eb b r ro ob bo ot ts s, , t th hi is s w wa ay y o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fi in na an nc ci ia al ls s w wi il ll l b be ec co om me e a an n i in nd du us st tr ry y s st ta an nd da ar rd d, , s so oo on ne er r o or r l la at te er r. . T Th he e r re ea as so on n i is s t th ha at t i it t c ca an n h he el lp p t tr ra ad de er rs s t to o c ch ho oo os se e b be et tt te er r b br ro ok ke er rs s a an nd d t th he e i in nd du us st tr ry y t to o b be ec co om me e a a ‘ ‘S SA AF FE ER R’ ’ p pl la ac ce e f fo or r e ev ve er ry yo on ne e, , i in nc cl lu ud di in ng g t th he e d de es sc ce en nt t B Br ro ok ke er ra ag ge e C Co om mp pa an ni ie es s w wh hi ic ch h d di is sl li ik ke e t th hi is s d di ir rt ty y ‘ ‘g ga am me e’ ’ o of f u us se er r r ra at ti in ng gs s. . S Sc ca am m B Br ro ok ke er rs s a ar re e n no ot t j ju ut t h ha ar rm mi in ng g T Tr ra ad de er rs s b bu ut t t th he ey y a al ls so o a ad dd d a an n e ex xt tr re em me e l le ev ve el l o of f S Sy ys st te em mi ic c R Ri is sk k i in n t th he e w wh ho ol le e F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l I In nd du us st tr ry y. . E Ev ve er ry y p pr ro of fe es ss si io on na al l p pa ar rt ti ic ci ip pa at ti in ng g i in n t th he e F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l I In nd du us st tr ry y t to od da ay y i is s o ob bl li ig ga at te ed d t to o p pa ay y a a ‘ ‘P Pr re em mi iu um m’ ’ b be ec ca au us se e o of f s so om me e u un ne et th hi ic ca al l c co om mp pa an ni ie es s w wh hi ic ch h a ar re e u us su ua al ll ly y n no ot t r re eg gu ul la at te ed d a an nd d o of ft te en n c ch ho oo os se e O Of ff fs sh ho or re e C Co ou un nt tr ri ie es s a as s t th he ei ir r H He ea ad dq qu ua ar rt te er rs s B Ba as se e i in n o or rd de er r t to o e ex xp pl lo oi it t i in ne ef ff fi ic ci ie en nc ci ie es s i in n t th he e l lo oc ca al l l le eg gi is sl la at ti iv ve e f fr ra am me ew wo or rk k r re eg ga ar rd di in ng g c co or rp po or ra at te e s su up pe er rv vi is si io on n. . ■ ■ G Gi io or rg go os s P Pr ro ot to on no ot ta ar ri io os s F Fi in na an nc ci ia al l A An na al ly ys st t – –W We eb b P Pr ro oj je ec ct ts s L L C CO OM MP PA AR RI IS SO ON NS S a at t T Tr ra ad di in ng gC Ce en nt te er r. .o or rg g C CO OM MP PA AR RE E: : ► ► F Fo or re ex x B Br ro ok ke er rs s ► ► C CF FD D B Br ro ok ke xp pe er rt t A Ad dv vi is so or rs ► E er Ex rs
  • 22. F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 – – Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m 24 S Se er ri ie es s o of f R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la as s © © G Ge eo or rg ge e P Pr ro ot to on no ot ta ar ri io os s 2 20 01 14 4 C CO OP PY YR RI IG GH HT T I IN NF FO OR RM MA AT TI IO ON N A AL LL L R RI IG GH HT TS S R RE ES SE ER RV VE ED D. . N No o p pa ar rt t o of f t th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k ( (i in nc cl lu ud di in ng g t te ex xt t, , i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n, , t ta ab bl le es s, , a an na al ly ys si is s, , r re es so ou ur rc ce es s a an nd d i im ma ag ge es s) ) m ma ay y b be e c co op pi ie ed d, , r re ep pr ro od du uc ce ed d, , m mi ir rr ro or re ed d o or r s so ol ld d. . D DI IS SC CL LA AI IM ME ER R A AN ND D L LE EG GA AL L N NO OT TI IC CE E T Th he e i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n p pr re es se en nt te ed d i in n t th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k r re ep pr re es se en nt ts s t th he e v vi ie ew w o of f t th he e a au ut th ho or r. . E Ev ve er ry y a at tt te em mp pt t h ha as s b be ee en n m ma ad de e b by y t th he e a au ut th ho or r t to o v ve er ri if fy y a al ll l i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n i in nc cl lu ud de ed d i in n t th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k, , b bu ut t t th he er re e i is s n no o g gu ua ar ra an nt te ee e a ab bo ou ut t t th he e a ac cc cu ur ra ac cy y a an nd d t th he e r re el li ia ab bi il li it ty y o of f a an ny y i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n p pr re es se en nt te ed d i in n t th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k. . I In n a ad dd di it ti io on n, , t th he e R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 e eB Bo oo ok k m ma ay y i in nc cl lu ud de e a af ff fi il li ia at te e l li in nk ks s. . T Th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k i is s n no ot t i in nt te en nd de ed d f fo or r u us se e a as s a a s so ou ur rc ce e o of f f fi in na an nc ci ia al l o or r i in nv ve es st tm me en nt t a ad dv vi ic ce e. . R RI IS SK K W WA AR RN NI IN NG G T Th he er re e i is s c co on ns si id de er ra ab bl le e e ex xp po os su ur re e t to o r ri is sk k w wh he en n t tr ra ad di in ng g F Fo or re ex x, , F Fu ut tu ur re es s a an nd d B Bi in na ar ry y O Op pt ti io on ns s. . T Tr ra ad di in ng g F Fo or re ex x, , B Bi in na ar ry y O Op pt ti io on ns s a an nd d o ot th he er r l le ev ve er ra ag ge ed d p pr ro od du uc ct ts s i in nv vo ol lv ve es s a a s si ig gn ni if fi ic ca an nt t l le ev ve el l o of f r ri is sk k a an nd d i is s n no ot t s su ui it ta ab bl le e f fo or r a al ll l i in nv ve es st to or rs s. . B Be ef fo or re e u un nd de er rt ta ak ki in ng g a an ny y s su uc ch h t tr ra an ns sa ac ct ti io on ns s y yo ou u s sh ho ou ul ld d e en ns su ur re e t th ha at t y yo ou u f fu ul ll ly y u un nd de er rs st ta an nd d t th he e r ri is sk ks s i in nv vo ol lv ve ed d a an nd d s se ee ek k i in nd de ep pe en nd de en nt t a ad dv vi ic ce e i if f n ne ec ce es ss sa ar ry y. . T Th he e p po os ss si ib bi il li it ty y a al lw wa ay ys s e ex xi is st ts s t th ha at t y yo ou u c co ou ul ld d s su us st ta ai in n a a s su ub bs st ta an nt ti ia al l l lo os ss s. . N Ne ev ve er r t tr ra ad de e w wi it th h f fu un nd ds s t th ha at t y yo ou u m ma ay y n ne ee ed d i in n t th he e f fu ut tu ur re e. . P Pa as st t p pe er rf fo or rm ma an nc ce e i is s n no ot t n ne ec ce es ss sa ar ri il ly y i in nd di ic ca at ti iv ve e o of f f fu ut tu ur re e r re es su ul lt ts s. . A An ny y o op pi in ni io on ns s, , s su ug gg ge es st ti io on ns s, , b br ro ok ke er rs s, , s sy ys st te em ms s, , s se er rv vi ic ce es s, , s so of ft tw wa ar re e, , r re ev vi ie ew ws s, , p pr ro om mo ot ti io on ns s, , b bo on nu us s, , r re eb ba at te es s, , l li in nk ks s a an nd d w we eb b- -s si it te es s m me en nt ti io on ne ed d o on n t th hi is s e eB Bo oo ok k a ar re e p pr ro ov vi id de ed d a as s g ge en ne er ra al l m ma ar rk ke et t c co om mm me en nt ta ar ry y, , a an nd d d do o n no ot t c co on ns st ti it tu ut te e i in nv ve es st tm me en nt t a ad dv vi ic ce e i in n a an ny y w wa ay y. . F Fo or re ex x R Ra at ti in ng g F Fo or rm mu ul la a v v4 4. .0 0 e eB Bo oo ok k - - C Co op py yr ri ig gh ht t © © M Ma ar rc ch h 2 20 01 14 4 G Ge eo or rg ge e P Pr ro ot to on no ot ta ar ri io os s - -A Al ll l r ri ig gh ht ts s r re es se er rv ve ed d w wo or rl ld dw wi id de e D Di is st tr ri ib bu ut ti io on n b by y Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m w ww ww w. .Q Qe ex xp pe er rt t. .c co om m