6. Journals
� Good journals vs. Bad journals
� Open access vs. restricted access
� Impact factor
� List of journals you should target (reading & writing for)
7. Anatomy of the Research
Article (Introduction)
� Introduction of a research article is composed of 3
sections: the past, the present, and the future.
� It provides the reader with a sequence of events 🡪
1. General information about the disease/problem.
2. Currently available knowledge
3. Currently missing knowledge
4. Importance of finding the “currently missing knowledge”
5. Stating which piece of “currently missing knowledge”
we will study.
8. Anatomy of the Research Article (Introduction)
� Example-1:
It is known that several general anesthetics, including barbiturates, depress the
bronchomotor response to vagus nerve stimulation. However, the site of this
depression has not been determined. Identifying these sites is crucial for
research studies and clinical trials comparing different pharmaceutical agents.
The purpose of this study is to determine which site in the vagal motor pathway
to the bronchioles is most sensitive to depression by barbiturates.
9. Anatomy of the Research Article (Introduction)
� Example-2:
Previous investigations have demonstrated that metabolic alkalosis during
exercise increases blood lactate concentrations substantially beyond the
concentrations observed during exercise in the absence of metabolic
alkalosis. Conversely, metabolic acidosis decreases blood lactate
concentrations. However, for these investigations, alkali was ingested or
infused, which is an artificial situation. More important clinically is the effect of
respiratory alkalosis that occurs during exercise in a variety of circumstances
that involve increased respiratory drive. These circumstances include interstitial
lung disease and congestive heart failure. This study aims to determine the
effect of respiratory alkalosis during exercise on blood lactate concentrations.
10. Anatomy of the Research Article (Introduction)
� Example-2:
Previous investigations have demonstrated that metabolic alkalosis during
exercise increases blood lactate concentrations substantially beyond the
concentrations observed during exercise in the absence of metabolic
alkalosis. Conversely, metabolic acidosis decreases blood lactate
concentrations. However, for these investigations, alkali was ingested or
infused, which is an artificial situation. More important clinically is the effect of
respiratory alkalosis that occurs during exercise in a variety of circumstances
that involve increased respiratory drive. These circumstances include interstitial
lung disease and congestive heart failure. This study aims to determine the
effect of respiratory alkalosis during exercise on blood lactate concentrations.
