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1. ANALYSING ORGANIZATION CULTURE AND BEHAVIOUR
AT BBC
Question :
College: UK College of Business and Computing
Unit code : H/508/0525
Purpose of this assignment:
The purpose of this assignment it to enable students to demonstrate their
understanding of the influence of culture, politics and power upon the behaviour of
individuals across a variety of organisations.
Evidence
The assignment is divided into 2 parts:
Part 1 Organisational culture, politics and power & Motivating teams and individuals
Part 2 Effective cooperation within teams and concepts and theories of organisational
behaviour
Case Study – Changing Times at the BBC
The BBC has been undergoing significant change in the past few years, largely in
response to the child abuse cases against two long serving presenters (Savile and
Hall). The subsequent independent review found that there were some “serious
failings in the BBC’s culture and its systems of communication, management and
investigation” (Smith, 2016:32) at the time, with concerns around bullying and
harassment or staff complaints not being listened to. Aside from this there have also
been criticisms about the pay/gender gap between staff.
The organization had a new Director General in 2015 who has spearheaded, via the
HR department, large scale re-organisation, leading to the development of a culture
which now sees people “coming to work wanting to do the best they can” (Hughes-
D’Aeth, 2017). Read the article in Appendices 1 and 2 and then carry out your own
research on the subject and on the BBC, to answer the following questions.
Part 1

2. LO1: Analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of others
in an organisational context
LO2: Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to achieve a goal
Task 1
a) Using Handy’s cultural typology (1986) or an alternative academic cultural model,
identify and discuss the earlier organizational culture within the BBC, as observed by
the Smith review.
b) Analyse how culture, power and politics overall have affected the behaviour within
the BBC in the recent past and today. In your analysis you may want to discuss how
much of an influence power and politics played in this culture and discuss the culture
now being developed within the BBC.
Task 2
a) Explain what is meant by content and process theories of motivation.
b) Evaluate how these, along with other motivational techniques, may have helped to
improve the effectiveness in the teams within the BBC.
c) How will improved levels of motivation within the BBC help to achieve its
organisation’s goals?
Part 2
LO3: Demonstrate an understanding of how to cooperate effectively with others
LO4: Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour to a given
business situation
Task 3
a) Identify and explain the different types of teams (you must include functional,
problem solving and project and virtual teams), within the BBC and why having
different types of teams is important.
b) Explain what makes an effective team in the BBC. In answering this question you
should relate to appropriate theory such as Tuckman and Jensen’s model of team
development and/or Belbin’s team roles.
Task 4

3. a) Using an appropriate organisational concept/theory (such as path-goal theory)
suggest how team performance and productivity could be improved within the BBC.
b) What have been the main barriers to effective performance within the BBC?
Show More
Answer :
Part 1: organizational culture, politics and power and motivating teams and
individuals
Introduction
Organizational culture and attributes are subject to change and BBC is one such
organization that over the past few years have gone through significant changes. In the
study based on the provided scenario different aspects of organization culture have
been analyzed and scrutinized in the context of BBC and with reference to relevant
cultural and motivational theories and models.
Task 1
a) Earlier organizational culture within BBC
The Smith Review provided the opportunity to have a glance at the interior of the
organizational culture of BBC. However, as per the reports it is evident that the
organizational culture of BBc has undergone significant changes and the current
organizational culture is different from the previous one. In order to analyze the
organizational culture of the enterprise it is important to understand Handy’s Cultural
typology as this organizational culture model can be treated as one of the benchmarks
in the cultural structure models as far as an organization is concerned. According to
Charles handy there are four different types of culture that are widely followed by
most of the organizations (Miner, 2015). These four different cultures are;
Power culture
Power culture is only allows a limited people in the organization to enjoy the
positional power. These people have the power and they are authorized to take
necessary decisions. These people are considered to be the privileged ones at the work
place (Dempsey, 2015). These authoritative bodies further have the responsibility to
further delegate job designations and responsibilities to other employees. In this work
culture the employees do not have the liberty to express their views.

4. Task culture
Task culture denotes an organizational culture that is based on the team performance.
In such organizational culture teams are formed accordingly in order to achieve the
targets or in order to solve the critical problems (Denhardt and Catlaw, 2014). This
culture allows the participants or the employees of the organization the opportunity of
equal contribution in order to accomplish the assigned tasks in an innovative manner.
Person culture
An organization that follows the model of a person culture emphasizes over the
importance of the employees (Cummings and Worley, 2014). In such culture
individuals are more concerned about their individual profit rather than the
organizational benefit.
Role culture
Role culture indicates an organizational culture that emphasizes on the delegated roles
of the employees. These delegated roles of the employees are based over the
specialization, educational qualification of the employees and in this culture the
employees enjoy the opportunity of deciding what best they can do and according to
their selection of the job roles they also willingly accept challenges (Bellamyet al,
2016).
The models that BBC followed before Dyke took the charge of the organization were
the bureaucratic model which is similar to the power culture. It proved to be not
suitable for the organization to run the organizational operations smoothly as the
model only aim at the efficiency through framing strict organizational rules and codes
of conduct for the employees. In the reign of this culture the employees did not have
enough scopes and opportunity to express their views and their organizational issues
(Barricket al, 2013). As everyone in the organization were bound to follow the same
rule in spite of the fact the rules are not according to the individual capabilities of a
person. Employees with innovative ideas also lacked behind because of this culture
model as they were unable to express their views and ideas.
After Dyke took charge BBC implemented new policy and organizational culture
models. The models that were implemented in order to improve organizational profit
and benefit are the Rational Goal Model and the Mckinsey 7 s model (Pinder, 2014).

5. The clan control policy represents cultural values which is opposite of bureaucratic
control. Clan control is a culture that works well with values, beliefs and corporate
culture and it has been proved to be helpful in regulating the employee behaviors and
achieving organizational goals. The rational goal model has also proved to be an
appropriate one for achieving organizational goals in a systematic manner.
The managerial process model that BBC started following has increased the
productivity of the managerial processes like managing, decision making and
budgeting.
The structural functional model facilitates the process of testing the organizational
durability and appropriate ways of responding to the organizational issues.
b)Impact of power and politics over the behavior within BBC
The corporate culture within BBC has been influenced by the external power and
political scenario of UK. The cultural norms and the organizational cultural models
that have been implemented in the organization have been affected by the political
scenario of the country. After Brexit in order to cope up with the current political
situation the organizational culture has been customized.
After changes in the political scenario of the country the management team of BBC
has also been changed. Helen Broaden incorporated a new theme in the organizational
culture in order to inspire creativity across the organization. Jane Root one of the
controllers of BBC introduced the policy of connecting directly with the audience.
Specifically, in regards with the organizational culture Jerry Timmings introduced and
recorded better ideas for the betterment of the relationship among the employees in
the organization (www.bbc.co.uk, 2017). Another major change that the organization
faced was transformation of the bureaucratic approach of the hierarchy in the
organization. The hierarchical structure of the organization gradually transformed into
an organization proceeding with the clan control policy.
All the three factors that is the culture, power and politics has various impact on the
behavior of the company BBC. It has influenced the overall decision making strategy
of the organization. it influences the interaction of the employees in the organization
with the customers and the individual related to the organization. Due to the influence
of culture, power and politics there has been changes in the overall productivity of the
company. In the company due to the cultural changes, influence of power and the
interference of politics have created steep changes in the organizational behavior and

6. its culture. The use of power in the company BBC has influenced the overall
productivity of the organization by allowing the employees to work in a much better
environment than before. The factors have created both positive and negative impact
on the organizational behavior of the company BBC. The use of power and politics
ahs allows the company to bring in new changes like the reward system where the
employees are provided with rewards based on the performance of the organization
and employee selection for the supervision of the other employees. But at the same
time power use has been vicious for the employees in the company due to the misuse
of the power done by different officials in the organization initially. Again the use of
politics has influenced the performance of the company as the company BBC has
adapted elements from different political structure that is currently in action in the
country into its business policies. This adaption of the policies has improved the
productivity of the company but again it has created employees getting involved in the
unethical practices in the company.
The previous working culture of BBC reflected the power culture and current culture
after facing several problems reflects working culture. The journey from power
culture to working culture has not been linear for BBC. The company has gone
through significant organizational changes within its structure and culture. Internal
structure has gone through significant changes. From bureaucratic structure, it has
become divisional structure. In the process of change the company had also adapted
functional structure.
Task 2
a) Content and process theories of motivation
Motivation can be defined as the process of simulating the employees in an
organization in order to achieve the goals of an organization. In the organizational
context, motivation can be defined as the process of influencing the overall
performance of the employees by providing them motivation in terms of increasing
the desire, need or drive to accomplish the given project to them. It helps in the
successful completion of the business processes with better productivity.
The study of motivation has classified or typified the motivational theories into two
major groups and that are content theories and Process theories.
 Content theories

7. The primary focus of the content theory lies in the factors that are present within a
person who has the ability to energize, direct, sustain or stop behavior. These theories
focus on the individual needs of the people and considering theses needs focus on the
areas that require motivation. The identified specific needs are considered to be
motivational factors for the people, for example the theorists that applied this
particular ideology in their motivational theories are Abraham Maslow, Federick
Herzberg, Clayton P. Alderfer and David C. McClelland (Lazaroiu, 2015).
Content theories believe in satisfying the individual needs of the employees and it
requires a process of identifying the needs. In an organization meaningful rewards
often prove to be helpful in satisfying the needs of the employees and it is also
important to understand that the needs of an individual do not necessarily repeat in a
regular pattern and offering appropriate rewards can optimize the performance of the
employees.
Management assumptions (Theory X and Theory Y): Douglas McGregor further
developed Maslow’s motivation theory into Management Assumptions Theory.
According to these theory the managers of an organization assumes several needs of
the employees. The two categories were distinguished and the mangers tend to adopt
one among the two.
The first category is termed as Theory X and the managers who follow this theory
adapted the dominant management approach based on the following assumptions:
1. The human nature tends to avoid work load due to their general tendency of
avoiding workload.
2. Most of the people require to be controlled, directed or threatened with punishment
in order to get the employees to put adequate effort.
3. Average employees prefer directions and they tend to avoid responsibilities.
Along with the application of this approach, McGregor mentioned the real needs of
the workers that are often misinterpreted by the managers and in contrast to the
previous theory he proposed another theory that is known as theory Y.
Theory Y is virtually opposite to Theory X and it is based on the following
assumptions:
1. Working is natural and it is similar to resting or playing.
2. External control along with threat of punishment can not be the driving force for
enhancing the productivity of a work force. People are more prone to exercising

8. self-control and self-direction in order to achieve the objectives they are committed
to.
3. The ability of learning of the average employees depends on proper conditions.
4. In most of the organizations the ability of the employees is not explored
completely.
According to McGregor Theory Y apart from meeting the needs of the organization
also meets the needs of the employees. He also stated that Theory X only has the
credential to meet Maslow’s Deficiency needs but Theory Y can also meet the
development needs of the employees.
 Process theories
Process theories primarily focus on providing a description and an analysis of the
process that can be followed in order to energize, sustained, directed and stopped.
Among the process theories the predominant ones are:
1. Reinforcement and goal setting theories
Process theories explain how employee behavior is energized. The work of B.F
Skinner is often associated with the reinforcement theories. His work is based on the
assumption that the behavior is influenced by its consequences. In this theory the
consequences are referred to as operants (Soltaniet al, 2014).
1. Expectancy and equity theories
Expectancy model focuses on the likeliness of the performance and the outcome. It
emphasizes on the individual behavior and according to this theory an individual
decides whether a job can be accomplished or not, whether the outcome can be treated
as the result of performing and along with that whether the outcome will be desirable
or not (Soltaniet al, 2014).

9. (Figure 1: Content and Process Theories
Source: Self generated)

10. Process theories also includes behavioral model and OBM or Organizational Behavior
Modification research emphasizes over the scientific approach of the behavioral
model. As per the experts OBM has made a positive contribution in the organizational
behavior and employee behavior has been utterly improved with the implementation
of OBM in the organization.
(Figure 2: Behavioral Model
Source: self generated )
b)Impact of motivational techniques in improving the effectiveness in the teams
within BBC
In the Big conversation that took place in the May of 2003, many of the BBC
employees complained against the harassment and the bullying of the management
teams. According to the employees they have been bullied rather than being managed
by the management of the organization. From discussions it has been found out that
BBC had good leaders but the number of the leaders is not enough to run such a huge

11. organization (Pinder, 2014). As BBC is a huge organization it is important to look
after the needs of the employees in order to motivate them accordingly.
Because of the bureaucratic management the teamwork inside the organization was
lacking and it required to be treated with importance. In a bureaucratic culture the
employees can not work as a team. In order to increase team spirit, group loyalty and
team spirit the supervisory behavior and concern for the workers have been
improved.
Both content theories and Process theories can facilitate the process of employee
loyalty and the employees can be motivated in such a manner that their productivity is
increased. Individual productivity leads to the organizational benefit as well. This has
enabled the opportunity to develop confidence, trust and the communication among
the employees. Both of the theories can help in motivating the employees to achieve
individual goals (Pinder, 2014). As per the Content theories it is important to identify
the needs of the employees and they can be motivated according to their needs. There
are several employees who have been harassed and bullied, therefore, it is important
to provide health and occupational safety to the employees in order to meet their
needs. Security of health and safety can be motivating for the employees and they can
perform as per their delegated roles.
The employees can be motivated through monetary rewards as well. Incentives and
bonus often serve as important rewards that can meet their motivational needs. Such
rewards can be essential in motivating the employees to perform better.
In order to improve the productivity of different teams in the organization, the
management needs to motivate the employee to effectively work in a team.
Motivation is the driving force that is essential in providing the force to the employees
to perform even better. As per the reports, the teamwork visibly lacked under the
organization and along with that the team performance and outcome had not been
satisfactory in the previous years. Therefore, it is important to motivate the employees
to increase communication among them and emphasize on the importance of working
effectively in a team.
Some of the other motivational theories that have been used by the company BBC are
the use of the theories like the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, two factor theory and
few others in order to inspire the employees to conduct their work accurately and
effectively. The use of these theories has ensured that there is the presence of

12. emotional intelligence development and there is the use of the situational leadership,
culture, and empowerment job satisfaction. This has created better impact on the
improvement of the effectiveness in the teams. With the presence of these elements
the work environment for the employees has been very motivating, thus allowing the
employees to give their best performance in the organization. This has led to better
outcome from the team which means that proper teamwork has been maintained. The
use of such theories has undoubtedly helped the company BBC to attain the required
level of enthusiasm from the employees to work more efficiently in the company.
Behavioral model and OBM or Organizational Behavior Modification have been
applied by BBC in order to improve the productivity of the employees. Behavioral
model is applied in the organization in order o improve the communication among the
higher authority and the subordinates in order to understand the needs of the
employees. It is important to identify the motivational needs of the employees in order
to enhance individual performance. Individual performance has the credential to
increase the productivity of the organization.
OBM is concerned with improving the organizational code of conduct that suits the
needs of the employees. In order to change the bureaucratic power culture OBM has
been a major factor that changed the working condition within BBC and improved it
at the same time.
c)Improved levels of motivation to achieve organizational goals
Improved level of motivation can be helpful for the organizational success. If the
employees of BBC are motivated in a right direction, it can ensure organizational
success as well. The motivated employee can perform better and it ensures the
productive growth of the organization. Motivation has a major role behind the
employee satisfaction and satisfied employees are one of the primary components of
organizational success.
Employee engagement is one of the major components of organizational success.
Employee engagement indicates that the employees are devoted to their job roles and
are more concerned towards organizational success rather than their individual
success. Changing the workplace culture model of the organization has positive effect
over the employee engagement as well. As the new culture model is employee
friendly and provides much more importance to the functions of the employees, thus,
the employees feel closer to the organization and they also feel to be an important part

13. of the organization (Lazaroiu, 2015). Better management visibility, recognition of
good work and coherence collaboration among the employees and the authorial body
has significant impact over the behavior of the employees. Collaboration among the
teams and simplification of the operational processes has a significant positive impact
on the culture of the organization. It enhances the working spirit of the employees and
the productivity of the employees is also enhanced due to their engagement and
employee satisfaction (Lazaroiu, 2015). Therefore, they are more dedicated towards
the work that they are performing and it ensures better productivity as far as the
organizational outcome is concerned.
One of the goals of BBC is that the company aims in bringing in employees from
different culture to work together in their workplace. In order to achieve this goal and
the other organizational goals of the company BBC, there can be the use different
motivational theory like the use of two factor theory or the Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs. With the help of these theories the company will be able to provide the
employees with different approaches to initiate better teamwork and coordination
among the different employees.
Conclusion
In the light of the above study, it can be stated that organizational strategy and
management have a significant impact over the organizational culture and any
organizational culture that encourages employee motivation and engagement prove to
be potentially helpful for the organizational success. It is seen that with the use of
different motivational theories the company will be to achieve the objectives of the
company by influencing the employees to give better performance by motivating
them.
Part 2
Task 3
a) Explanation of the different types of teams- functional, problem solving, project
team and virtual team within the BBC and the importance of the different types of
teams.
The different types of teams that are present within the BBC are functional team,
problem solving team, project team and the virtual team. The importance of these
teams is given below.

14. Functional team: functional team can be defined as a group of employees who are
working for with the common functional expertise. In the company BBC, these
employees are working towards the same goal and have objectives that are being
shared by the employees and the organization. Functional team clearly permits more
recognizable operational capacity since specialists with shared cutoff points and data
are assembled by limits performed. Each social gathering of authorities can thusly
work autonomously with affiliation going about as the motivation driving cross-
correspondence between utilitarian locales.
Problem solving team: These teams in the company BBC are working towards the
same goals but their work is different as different task has been provided to the
employees. These tasks are based on the problems that are arising in the company,
thus the main focus of these employees is to resolve the various issues that are present
in the functions and operations of the organization.
Project team: project team can be defined as a group of people where the member of
the group belongs to different groups and functions and are handling different projects
that BBC has undertaken.These members are then given various tasks. These tasks
belong to the same project on which the employees are working based on the needs of
the organization. The management team of the company BBC again divides the team
into sub teams, which are done according to the various functions of the project.
These types of teams are used for a definite time period. If the project has been
completed then the group is dismissed.
Virtual team: these teams are present in the company BBC which are distributed and
divided into different parts. These teams can be referred as a group of individuals who
work together in the same organization. The company undergoes various projects
where the employees are located in different locations but are working the same team
and company for a single project. These team members communicate among
themselves with the help of various mediums like email, FAX, or communicating
among themselves with the help of voice or video through the medium of
conferencing services. This is done in order to collaborate with the people belonging
to the same group.
These teams are important within the BBC so that the company can get better ideas
and better level of work as the employees will be working efficiently even in difficult
circumstances. All these team structure are used in BBC so that the grouping of the

15. team is done effectively. It helps the organization to build their business and grow in
terms of profit and other benefits.
b) Explanation of an effective team in the BBC in relation to Tuckman and Jensen’s
model of team development
In BBC an effective team can be described with the help of the various team theories
that are available in the business market. One of such theories is the Tuckman’s
Theory of group development (Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2017). This theory is based on
various stages. The stages of the Tuckman theory can be described below in order to
develop a group are given below.
Forming: In BBC, the use of Tuckman theory is quite prevalent as the group of team
members are initially formed as is counted to the first step in the development of the
Tuckman’s theory. This is the initial stage of team development in the theory and also
in the organization. In this stage or position, the employees usually work in order to
find their place in the organization. This finding of the place in the workplace is based
on the sizing of the group, evaluating their needs and demands.
Storming: this is the second stage of the Tuckman’s theory that is being applied in the
workplace of BBC. In this stage the team members of the BBC challenge one another
so that they work as a team. The team members also compete with the team leaders
about various topics that are related to the working structure of the team and the
success of the various stages of the procedures of working of the team
Norming: it can be defined as the phase in the Tuckman’s theory where the team
members gather information regarding in accordance to the ground rules and
processes that are on development.
Performing: it is the final stage in the theory where the team members effectively start
working in the tasks and building of the teams relationship helps in maintaining the
synchronization among the various team members of BBC (Gabelica et al, 2016).
At the same time the sue of this theory will be influencing the overall performance
pofn the employees as there will be influences in the role of the leadership in the
company, there will be the presence of better communication in the teams and
development in the personality of the employees. These changes in the employees will
be more effective in improving the teamwork of the company.

16. The effective use of the Tuckman theory will be helping the company BBC to develop
an effective team as the team members will be getting guidance in the appropriate
form. The use of the theory will be effective as the team members will be analyzing
the situations and the managers or the leader of the team will be leading the team in
accordance to the theory process, thus benefiting the company BBC in providing the
best performance as the team will be leaded in the appropriate manner.
Task 4
a) Team performance and productivity improvement within BBC using path goal
theory
The use of path goal theory in the BBC indicates that the performance of the team is
vital for the organization. This is because the BBC uses a path goal theory which is
based on the behavior of the employees and the working environment of the
organization. With the help of this theory in the organization, the achievement of the
goals of the organizations is attained. The main aim and goal of such kind of
information is the increment in the motivation of the employees, their empowerment
and the employment satisfaction so that the employees become more productive and
help the organization to grow (Konradt et al, 2015).
Path goal theory can be defined as the theory that involves the specifying of the
leader’s style and behavior that will be best suited for the employees and the current
work environment in order to achieve the goals of the organization. It is a process
where the behaviors of the leaders are selected which will be best suited for the
fulfillment of the needs of the employees. The use of this theory will be effective and
can be linked with the use of the goal setting theory.
In order to understand the team performance and improvement the use of the
situational leadership will be effective in understanding the nature of the goal
complexity and the maturity of the group that is present in the team. It is seen that to
understand the value of situational leadership, there is the necessity to analyze the
leadership theory. Situational leadership theory is a theory that is based on the four
styles. These styles are:
 telling: according to this style the leader sis the one that tells people the necessity
that is to be done
 selling: in this form the leaders give the ideas and the message that is to be analyzed
by the followers and then that process is introduced in the group

17.  participating: in this form the leaders allows the followers to give better views and
opinions and allows them to be actively taking part in the activities of decision
making
 delegating: in this form the leaders do not get involved in the decision making
rather they allow the followers to take the decisions
The use of this style of leadership will be allowing the leaders to understand the
complexity that is present in the team in terms of achieving the goals of the company.
This is due to the fact that situational leadership contains different set of leadership
style which can be used to analyze the team working. This form of leadership will
allow the leader to interact with the team members in accordance to the situation that
is prevalent in the team, thus helping the leader to get an idea of the uniqueness of the
team members and the issues that are present in the personality of the individual that
will be affecting the company functions. By using this leadership theory there will be
better understanding of the ways that can be sued in order to resolve the issues that are
present in the company especially in the team.
b) Main barriers to effective performance within BBC
There are various barriers that are being effective in the performance of the
employees in the BBC is the use of proper teamwork theory and the maintenance of
the teamwork. It is essential for any company to keep the issues that are related to the
employees and their relationship with the organization intact. But the use of improper
management of managers of the organization affects the performance of the BBC
(Martin et al, 2017).There are various other barriers like the culture of the
environment of the company, the organizational culture, improper communication in
the company and improper feedback from the customers.
In the company BBC the different barriers that are prevalent due the existence of
diversified employees will be affecting the performances of the teams in the company.
It is seen that the barrier like the improper communication which is quite prevalent in
the company BBC due to diverse culture existence among the employees has been
affecting the performance of the teams. This has led to issues being occurring among
the team members.