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1. 1
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1

2. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ne10
Ar18
Kr36
Xe54
Rn86
Og118
H1
aIbaIIbaIIIbaIVbaVbaVIbaVIIbaVIIIb
1,0079
He2
4,0026
6,94
22,990
39,098
85,468
132,91
18,998
35,45
79,904
126,90
20,180
39,948
83,798(2)
131,29
9,0122
24,305
40,078(4)
87,62
137,33
10,81
26,982
69,723
114,82
204,38
12,011
28,085
72,630(8)
118,71
207,2
14,007
30,974
74,922
121,76
208,98
15,999
32,06
78,971(8)
127,60(3)
44,956
88,906
138,91
47,867
91,224(2)
178,49(2)
50,942
92,906
180,95
51,996
95,95
183,84
54,938
186,21
55,845(2)
101,07(2)
190,23(3)
58,933
102,91
192,22
58,693
106,42
195,08
63,546(3)
107,87
196,97
65,38(2)
112,41
200,59
Li3
Na11
K19
Rb37
Cs55
Fr87
F9
Cl17
Br35
I53
At85
Ts117
O8
S16
Se34
Te52
Po84
Lv116
N7
P15
As33
Sb51
Bi83
Mc115
C6
Si14
Ge32
Sn50
Pb82
Fl114
B5
Al13
Ga31
In49
Tl81
Nh113
Be4
Mg12
Ca20
Sr38
Ba56
Ra88
30Zn
48Cd
80Hg
112Cn
29Cu
47Ag
79Au
111Rg
EO4E2O7EO3E2O5EO2
HEH2EEH3EH4
E2O3EOE2O
28Ni
46Pd
78Pt
110Ds
27Co
45Rh
77Ir
109Mt
26Fe
44Ru
76Os
140,12
58Ce
140,91
59Pr
144,24
60Nd61Pm
150,36(2)
62Sm
151,96
63Eu
157,25(3)
64Gd
158,93
65Tb
162,50
66Dy
164,93
67Ho
167,26
68Er
168,93
69Tm
173,05
70Yb
174,97
71Lu
108Hs
25Mn
43Tc
75Re
107Bh
24Cr
42Mo
74W
106Sg
23V
41Nb
73Ta
105Db
22Ti
40Zr
72Hf
104Rf
21Sc
39Y
57La*
89Ac**
232,04
90Th
231,04
91Pa
238,03
92U93Np94Pu95Am96Cm97Bk98Cf99Es100Fm101Md102No103Lr

3. 1.
2.
Ne
Al
Co
Ti
3.
a
b
c
d
a
b + 1
c + 1
d
a
b
c
d
4.

4. 5.
1
1
6.
H
N H
Cl H
H
7.
AlCl
K
AlCl
Na
K
AlCl
Na
K
Na
Na
K
AlCl
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
300200 400 500 600 700

5. 8.
Na
Na
9.
o
10.
+ N
11.
1
RbNO
3
K
N
O
3

6. 6
12. X
X
K
Na
13.
14. X
X
15. X Y
X Y
16. X Y
Fe
+ X
FeCl
+ Y
FeCl
X Y
Cl
Cl
Fe
Fe

7. 17.
18.
19.
20.
Ca
Ca
Na+ +
Na+ +
21.
22.
CH3
—CH—CH2
—CH—OH
CH3
CH3

8. 23.
H3C—C—CH3
CH3
CH3
H2C=C—CH2
—CH3
CH3
CH2
H2C CH2
CH2H2C—
H2C=C—C CH
CH3
CH
CH3
H2C CH—CH3
CH2
H2C CH2
CHHC——
1
6
24.
116
25. 1 2
1 2
26.

9. 27.
28.
O
CH3
CH3
OH OH
OH
1
30.
31.
C CH2
OCH3
O
CH3
CH
CH3
CH O
O
CCH3 CH2
CH3
CH3 C
OCH3
O
C
CH3
CH3
CH3
C CH
OCH3 CH2
O
CH3
CH3

10. 32.
33.
35.
1
2
3
1
2
3 n n
H3C—C CH
H2C—CH2
H2C—CH2
H3C—C=CH2
CH3
H3C—CH—CH3
CH3
H3C—C—CH3
CH3
CH3

11. 11
1
2
3
1 2 3
H2C=CH—CH3 H3C—CH2
—CH3H3C—CH—CH3
OH
H3C—CH—CH3
Br
37.
1
2
3
1
2
3
16
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
16 17 18 19 20
38.
1
2
3
Na
K
K
1
2
3
BaCl

12. 39.
40.
41.
42.
m m m
43.

13. 44.
45.
46.
47.
48.

14. 49.
50.
51.
52.

15. Ia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
IIaIIIbIVbVbVIbVIIbVIIIbIbIIbIIIaIVaVaVIaVIIaVIIIa
He2
Ne10
Ar18
Kr36
Xe54
Rn86
Og118
H1
1,0079
6,94
22,990
39,098
85,468
132,91
18,998
35,45
79,904
126,90
4,0026
20,180
39,948
83,798(2)
131,29
9,0122
24,305
40,078(4)
87,62
137,33
10,81
26,982
69,723
114,82
204,38
12,011
28,085
72,630(8)
118,71
207,2
14,007
30,974
74,922
121,76
208,98
15,999
32,06
78,971(8)
127,60(3)
44,956
88,906
138,91
47,867
91,224(2)
178,49(2)
50,942
92,906
180,95
51,996
95,95
183,84
54,938
186,21
55,845(2)
101,07(2)
190,23(3)
58,933
102,91
192,22
58,693
106,42
195,08
63,546(3)
107,87
196,97
65,38(2)
112,41
200,59
Li3
Na11
K19
Rb37
Cs55
Fr87
F9
Cl17
Br35
I53
At85
Ts117
O8
S16
Se34
Te52
Po84
Lv116
N7
P15
As33
Sb51
Bi83
Mc115
C6
Si14
Ge32
Sn50
Pb82
Fl114
B5
Al13
Ga31
In49
Tl81
Nh113
Be4
Mg12
Ca20
Sr38
Ba56
Ra88
30Zn
48Cd
80Hg
112Cn
29Cu
47Ag
79Au
111Rg
28Ni
46Pd
78Pt
110Ds
27Co
45Rh
77Ir
109Mt
26Fe
44Ru
76Os
140,12
58Ce
140,91
59Pr
144,24
60Nd61Pm
150,36(2)
62Sm
151,96
63Eu
157,25(3)
64Gd
158,93
65Tb
162,50
66Dy
164,93
67Ho
167,26
68Er
168,93
69Tm
173,05
70Yb
174,97
71Lu
108Hs
25Mn
43Tc
75Re
107Bh
24Cr
42Mo
74W
106Sg
23V
41Nb
73Ta
105Db
22Ti
40Zr
72Hf
104Rf
21Sc
39Y
57La*
89Ac**
232,04
90Th
231,04
91Pa
238,03
92U93Np94Pu95Am96Cm97Bk98Cf99Es100Fm101Md102No103Lr

16. 16
—
OH
–
F
–
Cl–
Br–
I–
S2–
SO3
2–
SO4
2–
NO3
–
PO4
3–
CO3
2–
SiO3
2–
CH3COO–
—
##
—
—
#
#
—
—
#
#
#
—
—
—
#
—
—
—
—
#
—
—
—
#
—
—
—
H+
Li+
Na+
Ag+
0–25
Mg2+
Ca2+
Ba2+
Zn2+
Mn2+
Pb2+
Cu2+
Hg2+
Ni2+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Al3+
Cr3+
K+
NH+
4
NaBeAlCrZnFeCdNiSnPb(H2)BiCuAgHgPtAuMnMgLiBaSrCaK