The document discusses 12 chemicals known as the "Dirty Dozen" and 9 chemicals known as the "Nasty Nine" that are persistent organic pollutants. The Dirty Dozen, identified in 2001, are highly toxic chemicals that were banned worldwide due to their carcinogenic and neurotoxic properties. They include aldrin, chlordane, DDT, and dioxins. The Nasty Nine chemicals are also very harmful to human and environmental health. They were used in pesticides, flame retardants, and other products. Exposure to these chemicals can cause health issues like cancer, nervous system disorders, and organ damage. The document provides details on the historical use and health effects of each chemical.

1. NAME : ENOSH
ROLL NO :28
SEC:BBM-IB

2. NASTY NINE AND DIRTY
DOZEN CHEMICALS &
THEIR EFFECTS.

3. DIRTY DOZEN
 THE UNEP MET AT THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION IN
2001 & DECLARED SEVERAL SUBSTANCES TO BE
TOXIC ENOUGH TO BE BANNED WORLDWIDE.
 THE PRODUCTS DISPLAYED NEUROTOXIC AND
CARCINOGENIC SIDE EFFECTS;SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE LINKED THESE SUBSTANCES TO CANCER
AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS IN NUMEROUS
HUMANS AND ANIMALS.
 THE FIRST 12 CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED AS HARMFUL
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) were
named the dirty dozen.

4. 1. ALDRIN
2. CHLORDANE
3. DDT
4. DIELDRIN
5. DIOXIN
6. FURANS
7. HEPTACHLOR
8. HEXACHLOROBENZANE
9. MIREX
10. POLYCHLORINATED DIOXINS
11. POLYCHLORINATED FURANS
12. TOXAPHENE
DIRTY DOZEN

5. DIRTY DOZEN
 THE ORIGINAL DIRTY DOZEN WERE IDENTIFIED IN
2001 AND SINCE THEN ARE HEAVILY REGULATED
AND DSICONTINUED.
 PRODUCTS MARKETED TODAY REQUIRE DETAILED
LABELLING.
 THE MAIN PROBLEM IS THAT PEOPLE HAVE
CHEMICAL BASED PRODUCTS AROUND THEIR
HOMES FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
 MANY OF THESE CHEMICALS ARE USED IN FLAME
RETARDANTS AND STAIN PROTECTION USED ON
FURNISHINGS AND ELECTRONICS.
 IT IS A PROBLEM WITH CLOTHES KEPT FOR SEVERAL
YEARS.

6. HARMFUL EFFECTS
 THESE CHEMICALS WHICH ARE COMMONLY
FOUND IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS CAUSE
FREQUENT HEADACHES,CREATE CONFUSION
AND IRRITATION TO SENSORY ORGANS
 IT ALSO CAUSES LONG TERM DAMAGE TO
INTERNAL ORGANS LIKE THE LIVER AND
KIDNEYS.
 THE U.S. HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT HAS
GIVEN A BRIEF DEPICTION OF THE HARMFUL
EFFECTS ON THEIR OFFICIAL WEBSITE.

7. NASTY NINE
1. Pentabromodiphenyl
ether
2. Octabromodiphenyl ether
3. Chlordecone
4. Lindane
5. Alpha-
hexachlorocyclohexane
6. Beta-
hexachlorocyclohexane
7. PFOS
8. Hexabromobiphenyl
9. Pentachlorobenzene

8. Pentabromodiphenyl ether
 This PBDE congener, sometimes referred to as "penta," was
used as a flame-retardant in foam upholstery and furnishing. It
was first banned in Germany, Norway and Sweden in the 1980s
and 1990s, then in the Europe Union in 2003.
 The last U.S. manufacturer stopped producing the chemical in
2005, and the Environmental Protection Agency subsequently
banned its production in the U.S. It is still manufactured
elsewhere, primarily in China, and can be imported to the U.S.
Maine and Washington have banned it and nine other states
have proposed bans.
 The chemical may cause a range of health problems, including
liver disease and reproductive and developmental problems. It
has been found in human breast milk.

9. Octabromodiphenyl ether
 Like its sister "penta" this polybrominated diphenyl
ether, or PBDE, has been linked to health issues and
has largely been phased out in developed nations.

10. Chlordecone
 This insecticide, also known as Kepone, was used until
1978 in the United States on tobacco, ornamental
shrubs, bananas and citrus trees, and in ant and roach
traps. It is chemically almost identical to Mirex, which
was one of the original "Dirty Dozen" banned by the
treaty.
 Workers using chlordecone suffered damage to the
nervous system, skin, liver and male reproductive
system. It may still be in use in developing nations,
despite its being banned in the industrialized world.

11. Lindane
 An agricultural insecticide also used to treat head lice
and scabies in people, lindane has been banned in 50
nations because the organochlorine pesticide can attack
the nervous system. In the United States, it was used until
2007 on farms, and it is still used as a "second-line"
treatment for head lice when other treatments fail.
 Additionally, because Lindane is the only useful product
in a family of chemicals generated to produce the
pesticide, there is persistent chemical waste created by
the process. For every ton of Lindane produced, six to 10
tons of waste are produced.

12. PFOS
 The company 3M used PFOS to make
Scotchgard fabric and other stain-resistant
products until 2002. The chemical is also used in
a number of industrial processes. It is found in
the bodies of people around the world, and in
relatively high concentrations in Arctic wildlife
— reflecting the global transport of persistent
chemicals like these. Unlike the other chemicals
on the "nasty nine" list, PFOS will have its use
restricted, not banned.

13. Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
 Another of the persistent chemical waste
products produced by making Lindane, beta-
hexachlorocyclohexane may cause cancer and
reproductive problems.
 May cause cancer and liver or kidney problems

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