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FENOMENOLOGIJA SKALARNIH
LEPTOKVARKOVA
ZAVRŠNI – MAGISTARSKI RAD
Sarajevo, juni 2013. godine
Mentor:
doc.dr. Ilja Doršner
Student:
Emina Džaferović
• HIPOTETSKE ČESTICE
• FILOZOFSKA DISCIPLINA
• suština leptokvarkova
• osobine leptokvarkova
• nastanak i raspad leptokvarkova
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
• BOZONI
– cjelobrojan spin
– međudjelovanje između fermiona
• SKALARNI – spin 0
• VEKTORSKI – spin 1
• Međudjelovanje između leptona i kvarkova
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
KVANTNI BROJEVI
• Vrijednosti sačuvanih veličina u dinamici kvantnog
sistema
• Čestica  Kvantno stanje
• Spin
• Leptonski broj  L=1 za sve leptone
• Barionski broj  B=1/3 za sve kvarkove
• Električni naboj
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
Koji vode ka protonskom raspadu Koji ne vode ka protonskom raspadu
SU(3) SU(2) U(1) SU(3) SU(2) U(1)
3 1 1/3 3 2 1/6
3 3 1/3 3 2 7/6
3 1 4/3
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
RASPAD PROTONA
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
• Leptokvarkovi dovoljno lagani
• Dovoljno jako međudjelovanje sa leptonima i kvarkovima
• Amplituda vjerovatnoće obrnuto proporcionalna vremenu života protona
λ = λ‘
MS (GeV)
τ > 1.3 × 1034 godina τ > 1.1 × 1034 godina
1 > 4.6 × 1015 > 4.4 × 1015
10-3 > 4.6 × 1012 > 4.4 × 1012
10-6 > 4.6 × 109 > 4.4 × 109
DONJA GRANICA ZA MASU LEPTOKVARKOVA
Konstanta koja određuje brzinu raspada protona:
GLQ
2 =
𝝀𝝀′
𝑴 𝟒
𝑳𝑸
≲ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔𝟎
𝐆𝐞𝐕- 4
E2 = m2 ili λ i λ‘ su jako male
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
PROIZVODNJA LEPTOKVARKOVA
• Proizvodnja para leptokvarkova
• Proizvodnja pojedinačnih leptokvarkova
• Hadronski nivo --- protoni
• Partonski nivo --- kvarkovi i gluoni
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
PROCES PROIZVODNJE POJEDINAČNIH
LEPTOKVARKOVA
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
PROCES PROIZVODNJE PARA LEPTOKVARKOVA
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
PROIZVODNJA PARA LEPTOKVARKOVA
• TEVATRON
– 1983. – 2011.
– Ubrzavanje protona – antiprotona
• LHC
– Najveći svjetski ubrzivač čestica
– Testiranje predviđanja različitih teorija fizike
elementarnih česica i fizike visokih energija
– Ubrzavanje protona-protona
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
• Predviđanja za očekivani broj leptokvarkova u LHC-u
2014. godine
• 𝑠 = 14 TeV
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
SUŠTINA
• Numerička analiza – Wolfram Mathematica 8.0
 Provjera koda za Tevatron
• Totalni poprečni presjek
• Različite mase leptokvarkova
 Usporedba sa:
 M. Krämer (RAL), T. Plehn (DESY), M. Spira
(CERN), P. M. Zerwas (DESY), Pair production of scalar
leptoquarks at the Tevatron (1997) arXiv:hep-
ph/9704322
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
PROCES PROIZVODNJE PARA LEPTOKVARKOVA
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
• Leptokvarkovi ---> hipotetske čestice
• Matematička formulacija i izvedba
• Numerička analiza procesa nastanka leptokvarkova
• Tevatron i LHC
• > 60000
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova

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fenomenologija

  • 1. FENOMENOLOGIJA SKALARNIH LEPTOKVARKOVA ZAVRŠNI – MAGISTARSKI RAD Sarajevo, juni 2013. godine Mentor: doc.dr. Ilja Doršner Student: Emina Džaferović
  • 3. • FILOZOFSKA DISCIPLINA • suština leptokvarkova • osobine leptokvarkova • nastanak i raspad leptokvarkova Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 4.
  • 6.
  • 7. • BOZONI – cjelobrojan spin – međudjelovanje između fermiona • SKALARNI – spin 0 • VEKTORSKI – spin 1 • Međudjelovanje između leptona i kvarkova Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 8. KVANTNI BROJEVI • Vrijednosti sačuvanih veličina u dinamici kvantnog sistema • Čestica  Kvantno stanje • Spin • Leptonski broj  L=1 za sve leptone • Barionski broj  B=1/3 za sve kvarkove • Električni naboj Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Koji vode ka protonskom raspadu Koji ne vode ka protonskom raspadu SU(3) SU(2) U(1) SU(3) SU(2) U(1) 3 1 1/3 3 2 1/6 3 3 1/3 3 2 7/6 3 1 4/3 Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 12. RASPAD PROTONA Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova • Leptokvarkovi dovoljno lagani • Dovoljno jako međudjelovanje sa leptonima i kvarkovima • Amplituda vjerovatnoće obrnuto proporcionalna vremenu života protona
  • 13. λ = λ‘ MS (GeV) τ > 1.3 × 1034 godina τ > 1.1 × 1034 godina 1 > 4.6 × 1015 > 4.4 × 1015 10-3 > 4.6 × 1012 > 4.4 × 1012 10-6 > 4.6 × 109 > 4.4 × 109 DONJA GRANICA ZA MASU LEPTOKVARKOVA Konstanta koja određuje brzinu raspada protona: GLQ 2 = 𝝀𝝀′ 𝑴 𝟒 𝑳𝑸 ≲ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔𝟎 𝐆𝐞𝐕- 4 E2 = m2 ili λ i λ‘ su jako male Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 14. PROIZVODNJA LEPTOKVARKOVA • Proizvodnja para leptokvarkova • Proizvodnja pojedinačnih leptokvarkova • Hadronski nivo --- protoni • Partonski nivo --- kvarkovi i gluoni Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 15.
  • 17. PROCES PROIZVODNJE PARA LEPTOKVARKOVA Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 18. PROIZVODNJA PARA LEPTOKVARKOVA • TEVATRON – 1983. – 2011. – Ubrzavanje protona – antiprotona • LHC – Najveći svjetski ubrzivač čestica – Testiranje predviđanja različitih teorija fizike elementarnih česica i fizike visokih energija – Ubrzavanje protona-protona Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 22.
  • 23. • Predviđanja za očekivani broj leptokvarkova u LHC-u 2014. godine • 𝑠 = 14 TeV Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova SUŠTINA • Numerička analiza – Wolfram Mathematica 8.0
  • 24.
  • 25.  Provjera koda za Tevatron • Totalni poprečni presjek • Različite mase leptokvarkova  Usporedba sa:  M. Krämer (RAL), T. Plehn (DESY), M. Spira (CERN), P. M. Zerwas (DESY), Pair production of scalar leptoquarks at the Tevatron (1997) arXiv:hep- ph/9704322 Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. PROCES PROIZVODNJE PARA LEPTOKVARKOVA Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. • Leptokvarkovi ---> hipotetske čestice • Matematička formulacija i izvedba • Numerička analiza procesa nastanka leptokvarkova • Tevatron i LHC • > 60000 Fenomenologija skalarnih leptokvarkova