Electric Vehicle University - 310a BEVS VS. FCEVS
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THE CENTRAL QUESTION ... What are the differences, the advantages and the architectures that must be understood to understand BEVs and fuel cell electric vehicles? COURSE ABSTRACT Fuel cell technology and vehicles are presented. The pros and cons of fuel cells as an alternative to grid-based electrical energy is considered. Technology, vehicles, fueling, and environmental impact are addressed. To obtain a copy of the EVU study guide for this and other available EVU courses, please complete the form on this page. Course level: Advanced
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Electric Vehicle University - 310a BEVS VS. FCEVS
- 1. 1
- 2. 2 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, part 1 EV-310a This course is presented as part of Evannex University—a free, open learning environment that presents concise, video-based mini-courses for those who have interest in electric vehicles (EVs) …
- 3. Fuel Cell Vehicles fuel cells have been touted as the future of automotive transportation first wave of a hydrogen economy? the fuel cell vehicle as part of the EV landscape 3
- 4. The Fuel Cell fuel cells are like a battery they have the same components—an electrolyte, electrodes, and a separator automotive applications use a “polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)” 4
- 5. The PEMFC hydrogen is forced through a platinum catalyst under pressure the catalyst splits hydrogen into 2 ions and 2 electrons the electrons can be used to power the EV motors directly or they can be used to charge a battery that provide power to the motor the hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water which exists as steam each PEMFC is combined into a “stack” to provide sufficient voltage 5
- 6. Hydrogen—Production Methods one method—hydrogen electrolysis current is passed through water hydrogen and oxygen are separated out very energy inefficient natural gas reforming steam is superheated to ~800 deg C combined with methane produces H2, along with carbon monoxide and CO2 6
- 7. Hydrogen—Input to the EV transported by truck to a fueling station specialized fuel stations (very rare today, with fewer than 50 in the entire US)) liquid hydrogen stored at -250 deg C converted to gas, pressurized and pumped into on-board FCEV fuel tanks “filling the tank” takes 3 - 5 minutes 7
- 8. FCEV Diagram
- 9. 9 … a free study guide for all EVU mini-courses is available for download from our website … For a complete list of mini- courses and the study guide, visit: www.evannex.com
Editor's Notes
- >> For many years, fuel cells have been touted as the future of automotive transportation. >> In fact, some proponents suggest that they are the first wave of a hydrogen economy. But others aren’t so sure. >> In this EVU mini-course we’ll examine the fuel cell vehicle, how it can be considered part of the EV landscape, and how fuel cell vehicles compare to BEVs
- >> a fuel cells is like a battery By the way, if you’re unfamilar with EV battery concepts, you might want to view EVU course EV-210 before continuing with this presentation. >> fuel cells have the same components—an electrolyte, electrodes, and a separator >> in most automotive applications, the polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is used
- Let explore the basic elements of the polymer exchange membrane fuel cell >> hydrogen is forced through a platinum catalyst under pressure >> the catalyst splits hydrogen into 2 ions and 2 electrons >> the flow of electrons —that is, electricity— can be used to power the EV motor directly or it can be used to charge a battery that provides power to the motor >> the hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water which exists as steam >> each polymer exchange membrane fuel cell is combined into a stack to provide sufficient voltage to power the EV
- But where does the hydrogen that feeds the fuel cell come from? >>one method is hydrogen electrolysis >> current is passed through water >> and hydrogen and oxygen are separated out >> the problem is that this approach is very energy inefficient >>another approach is called “natural gas reforming” >> steam is superheated to about 800 deg C >> it is then combined with methane >> the chemical reaction produces hydrogen, along with carbon monoxide and CO2 Still other methods have been investigated, including: - Biological production - Photo-electrochemical water splitting - Solar thermal, and - Photo-electro-catalytic methods but these have not been widely implemented to date.
- So … once the hydrogen is produced, how does it get from the production facility into a fuel cell vehicle? >>first, it is liquified and transported by tanker trunk to a hydrogen refueling station >> these specialized fueling stations are currently very rare, with fewer than 50 in the entire US >> at the station, liquid hydrogen is stored at -250 deg C >> as it is needed, iquid hydrogen is converted to gas, pressurized and pumped into on-board fuel tanks >> the good news is that “filling the tank” takes 3 - 5 minutes
- Unlike PHEV, the fuel cell electric vehicle—an FCEV—does not charge its battery from the grid. As we just discussed, it makes use of a fuel cell (shown schematically in red) that initiates an electro-chemical reaction with a fuel, in this case hydrogen, to create electricity that charges the battery. The fuel cell can also provide direct power for the electric motor. An FCEV has one or more on-board fuel tanks (in orange) that contain pressurized hydrogen. As we just noted, the vehicle must be refueled at a hydrogen refueling station, an infrastructure element that is quite rare today. In the next part of the EVU mini-course, we compare FCEVs with BEVs.