Agri Marketing PPt

1. Recent Developments in Agricultural Marketing
& It’s Impact on Farmers
By- Sanjay (2014A07M)
Department Of Agricultural Economics,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125004
28,November,2015

2. Developments
Physical
Markets
Storage
Credit
Food
processing
Institutional
ISAM
FSSA
AMS
FDI
Volume of
Transactions
INDIA

3. Agricultural Markets in INDIA
(As on 31 March,2014)
No. Of Regulated Markets: 7190
No. Of Rural Primary Markets: 22505
Total: 28994
Availability of Markets Area Served
Average area Served by a Market 115 sq. km
Av. Area Served by a Regulated market 457 sq. km
Variation In Avg. Area served 118 sq km in Punjab to
11,214 sq km in Meghalaya
Recommendations by National Farmers Commission -Availability
of Markets within 5 km radius (approx. 80 sq km)(2004)
41838
Shortage 12844
Source: Final Report of Committee of State Ministers, In-charge of Agriculture Marketing to Promote Reforms,2015

4. Storage(Warehouses)
108.08
110.74
121.07
131.82 131.72
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Capacity
(Million
MT)
Total Available Warehouse Capacity in India
Total
SWC
CWC
FCI
State Gov.
Cooperatives
Private
Total Estimated Surplus by 2017 (Working Group Report on AMI,2015) 150 Million MT
Present Storage Capacity 131.72 Million MT
Estimated capacity by 2017 136 Million MT
Gap 14Million MT
% Share of Each Agency: FCI(30), SWC(24),CWC(7),State(9), Co-op(12), Private(15)

5. Storage(Warehouses)
Ongoing Developments
1. Warehouses to be declared as
Mandis
a. In pipeline to allow the
registered warehouses with
the WDRA to be notified as
Mandis under the relevant
APMC Act.
b. Karnataka & Punjab declared
some silos as Mandis.
2. Procurement of food grains for
TPDS
3. Directory Of Warehouses
(www.warehousedirectory.in)
Ongoing Schemes & Status
1. Private Entrepreneurs Gaurantee
Scheme, 2008
 121 lakh MT capacity completed, 93
lakh MT by the private and 28 lakh
MT by CWC / SWCs
2. Gramin Bhandaran Yojana
 Rs 4000 Cr allocated in 12th five
year plan to create storage
capacity of 26 Million MT
3. Scheme for Financing
Warehousing Infrastructure
under RIDF
 Rs. 5000 Cr allocated during
2014-15.
4. NBARD refinance: 294.21 Cr
(2014-15)

6. Negotiable Warehouse Receipt
 Demand originated by recommendation of AIRCS in 1951
 Launched in 2007 under Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2007
 Can be in both paper and electronic forms.
 Advance up to 65% of value by Banks
 For discouraging distress sales:
 Government of India has extended the benefit of interest subvention on crop loan
scheme to small and marginal farmers having Kisan Credit Card (KCC) for a further
period of up to six months post-harvest on the same rate as available to crop loan
against negotiable warehouse receipt for keeping their produce in the warehouses
during the year 2011-12. The scheme has been extended during 2012- 13 and 2013-14.
 The loan should be for a period of six months and the maximum loan amount should be
enhanced to Rs. 5.0 lakh
 The WDRA in consultation with NHM and NHB has introduced negotiable warehouse
receipt system in cold storages
 Recommended by to make NWR’s transferable without physical delivery.
Commodities Notified:
123 Agricultural & 26Horticultural
Recent Developments

7. Cold Chain
Type of Infrastructure Infrastructure Req. Infrastructure Created All India Gap
Pack-house (No.) 70,080 249 69,831
Cold Storage (Bulk) (Million MT) 34.1
31.8 3.2
Cold Storage (Hub) (Million MT) .93
Reefer Vehicles (No.) 61,826 9,000 52,826
Ripening Chamber (No.) 9,131 812 8,319
Note: Out of Total 7129 only 5801 are functional with a running capacity of only 26.7 Million.
Source: All India Cold-chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap), 2015(National Centre for Cold-chain
Development )
AP
5% Bihar
5%
Gujarat
7%
Haryana
2%
Punjab
6%
Uttar Pradesh
42%
West Bengal
18%
Maharashtra
2%
Others
13%
All India distribution of Cold Stores capacity as of 31.07.2015
Growth of cold Storage in INDIA
The survey indicated that although most of the cold storages facilitate transportation of commodities, 79% don’t own any transportation facility
96 % of the cold storage are in Pvt. Sector; more than 75 per cent of the capacity is utilized only for potato and only about 23 percent are under
multi commodity category

8. Food Processing
Andhra
Pradesh
23%
Tamil Nadu
15%
Punjab
8%
Maharashtra
8%
UP
6%
Karnataka
6%
Gujarat
5%
West Bengal
5%
Others
24%
Statewise Share of Food Processing
Industries (% Share)
35%
12%
8%
6%
2%
Milk Meat Marine
Products
Poultry Fruits &
Vegetables
Current Food Processing Levels as a
Percentage of Production % Share
18%
6.10% 6%
0.80%
2.30%
3.70%
5.30%
Fruits &
Vegetables
Pulses Cereal Milk Meat Poultry Fish
Annual Wastage as a Percentage of Production Across
Commodity Classes
Source: Fruits & Vegetables Availability Maps of INDIA, January, 2015( MoFPI& Yes Bank)
Nodal Agency : MoFPI
270% increase in budget allocated i.e. Rs. 5,990 crore
The total value of the Indian food processing industry is
expected to touch $194 billion in 2015 from a value of $121
billion in 2012, registering a (Growth_ 20 per cent per
annum)
Mega Food Parks :launched in 2008-09 by MoFPI
of 50-50-50 (50 crore assistance, Min. 50 acres,50%
contribution by Private stakeholders)
Objective: Forward and backward Integration
Current Status 42 sanctioned
17 operational

9. 14,787
20,427
31,762
36,212
37,798
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Export of processed Food & Related
Commodities (US $ Million)
Export
278.89 188.67 170.21
401.46
3,982.88
317.24
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 (April-
November)
Flow of FDI In Food processing Sector in India over years
FDI (US$ Million)
MARINE
13%
RICE
13%
MEAT
12%
RICE (Non
basmati)
8%
OIL
7%
SPICES
7%
GUARGAM
5%
WHEAT
4%
Others
31%
Share of different commodities in exports from FPI (2013-14) (US$
Million)
Source: Annual Report 2014-15, Ministry of Food Processing Industries

10. For boosting agricultural exports from India, in March 2001, Government of India under
Chapter 16 Of EX-IM policy, 2001 announced setting up of Agri Export Zones (AEZs) across
the country.
 Major components:
 Identifying :Products and Geographical region
 End to End approach
 Integrated of efforts of all agencies
Agro Export Zone’s
Karnataka
15%
Punjab
14%
Maharashtra
11%
A P
27%
J&K
6%
Gujarat
3%
Kerala
21%
Others
3%
State wise share in Total Exports from
AEZ’s up to March, 2013
Farmers
Inputs
Infrastructure
Storage
Transportation
Technology
Finance
Quality Assurance
Training
Exporters
Need/Pros

11. Agro Export Zone’s
Current Status
AEZs Sanctioned 60
Spread 20 states
Commodities Listed 40
Total Investment: 1097.53 Crores
Total Exports: > 10,930 Cr
S. No State No. of AEZ Agri. Commodities
1 Maharashtra 8 Grape, wine, mango, flowers, onions, pomegranate,
banana & orange.
2 Punjab 3 Vegetables, potatoes, Basmati rice.
3 West Bengal 6 Pineapple, lychee, potatoes, mango, vegetables and
tea.
4 Karnataka 4 Gherkins, rose onion, flowers, vanilla.
5 Uttar Pradesh 4 Potatoes, mangoes, vegetables, Basmati rice.
6 Uttaranchal 4 Lychee, flowers, Basmati rice.
7 AP 5 Mango pulp, vegetables, mango, gherkins, chilli
8 MP 4 Potatoes, wheat, lentil, orange, seed.
9-20 Sikkim, J&K, Raj., Orissa, Jharkhand, Assam,
Kerala, HP, Gujarat, Bihar, TN & Tripura
22 Coriander, cumin, Ginger, medicinal plant etc.
Total 60 40

12. 468291
511029
607375
711621
840643
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Division of Credit Flowing in Agriculture (Rs. In Crore)
Crop Loan
Term Loan
Total
468291 511029
607375
711621
840643
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Total Credit Flow in Agriculture (Rs. In Crore)
CBs
RRBs
Coops
Total
71 12 17
Credit

13. 2%
15%
43%
1%
26%
3%
9% 1%
Distribution of outstanding Loans (2012-13)
Government
Co-op's
Bank
Employer/Landlord
Professional/Agri. Money lender
Shopkeeper/Trader
Relatives & Friends
Others
Credit
% Faming population indebted in India 51.9 %
Top states : Telangana 89.1 %
Tamil Nadu 82.5 %
Haryana 42.3 %
Institutional Outstanding Higher Class(>10Ha) 79%
Lower Class(<.01Ha) 15%
Source: NSSO Survey on Farming Situation 2014(Key Indicators of Situation of Agricultural Households in India)

16. ISAM,2014
ISAM
MRIN
SAGF
NIAM
ABD
AMI
Scheme Implementing Agency Budget
Allocated
Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) DMI 4000 Cr
Marketing Research and Information Network (MRIN) DMI 12 Cr
Strengthening of Agmark Grading Facilities (SAGF) DMI 6 Cr
Agribusiness Development (ABD) SFAC 500 Cr
National Institute of Agriculture Marketing (NIAM) Self 30 Cr

17. Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI)
Target:
1. To develop 4000 marketing infrastructure projects.
2. Storage capacity of 23 MT across the country
3. Latest technologies in agricultural marketing infrastructure.
4. Encouraging private and cooperative sector investments.
5. Promoting Direct marketing.
6. To promote Integrated Value Chains ( Up to Primary Processing only).
7. Pledge Finance
8. Processing facility development for frits , veg., meat, fish etc.
Progress:
1. Subsidy NABARD: Up to March ,2015 GBY 1686.65 Crore
AMIGS 1009.24 Crore
 The XII Plan Working Group on ‘Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Secondary Agriculture and Policy
Required for Internal and External Trade’ estimated :
 Investment requirement 56,000 crores
 Budgetary allocation 20,207 crores
 It has also estimated a requirement of 35 million MT storage capacity during XII Plan period.
GBY,2001 AMIGS,2004
Challenges

18. MRIN
Year 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Allocation (Cr) 1.16 2.50 2.50 2.92 2.92 12.0
Agricultural Marketing Information Network (AGMARKNET), March, 2000, was started to link
APM’s, SAMB & Directorates with help from NIC.
AIM: Speedy Collection and Dissemination of market information
Information provided :
Price related: Max., Min. & Modal ( Daily)
Arrivals (Daily Basis)
Market Profiles.
Price forecasts and trends.
National Agriculture Market Atlas.
Commodity profiles. (26)
Linked to Online Spot Exchanges(NCDEX, MCXINDIA, NMCE)
SMS Service.
Research, Publications, Extension material.
Ongoing Schemes
Standards and Grades, labeling, SPS requirements, Pledge finance etc.
Financial Outlay For XII V Year Plan:

19. MRIN
 Assistance Provided under MRIN:
 Computers & other hardware
 Electronic Display Boards
 Website development of each SAMB.
 Personnel training at every node
 Monetary Incentive
 Present Connectivity
No. of Markets Reporting 2232
Market Profiles Available (Nos.) 1717
Commodities reported >2000(Including Varieties)
Computers provided 3549
Installation of Computer 3421

20. Selected Market Information Centers
Name Main Purpose
Agriexchange by APEDA
http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/
Agribusiness statistics of all around the
world& Market news
http://www.indiaagronet.com/ News about every development in
agriculture sector
http://agriculturetoday.in/ Monthly mag., Reports all topical news
related to agriculture
http://www.agriwatch.com/ Agriculture Economics related data
www.agricoop.nic.in www.commodityindia.com
www.agriculturalinformation.com www.fieo.com/cwc/
www.fao.org www.fciweb.nic.in
www.nmce.com www.nic.in/eximpol
www.icar.org.in www.apeda.com
www.fmc.gov.in www.ncdc.nic.in
www.kisan.net www.isapindia.org

21. Strengthening Of AGMARK Grading Facilities (SAGF)
Objectives:
 Standardization of raw agricultural commodities : 213
 Framing &Revision of grade standards for commodities mentioned in schedule of
AP(G&M)Act, 1937.
 Promoting Agmark certification .
 Harmonizing standards with CAC,ISO,BIS.
Agency:
 DMI
 Central Laboratory: Nagpur
 11 Regional Laboratories:
Certification
Exports
Compulsory
Pre-shipment
Inspection
Domestic
Voluntary
Targets & Financial Outlay
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total (Cr)
.94 1.0 1.0 1.53 1.53 6.0
Analyzing 54,000 Check samples and 10,300 Research samples

22. AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
• To remove the Financial & Expertise constraints of majority of Agribusiness firms SFAC
provides:
Eligible Persons:
Individuals, Agriculture Graduates,
Farmers, Producer’s Group
Agripreneurs, AEZ, Firms
Eligible projects:
Agriculture & Allied sectors
Providing assured markets to farmers
Encouraging diversification.
Eligible Financial institutions:
All Financial Institutions notified by the RBI where the ownership of the Central/State
Government is more than 50% such as nationalized banks, SBI & its Subsidiaries, IDBI,
NABARD, NCDC, RRBs & State Financial Corporations etc.
Venture Capital Assistance(Term Loan) Project Development Facility
SFAC > Financial institution> Individual
Project Cost: Rs. 10 lakhs -5 Crore Allotted Budget: Rs. 500 Crores

23. • PG Diploma in Agribusiness
Education
• Problematic areas
• Emerging innovations & inventions
Research
• Market planning & Designing
• Project Development Facility
Consultancy
• APMC Act reforms, Monthly advisory to DAC etc.
Policy Advocacy
• Demand driven , Target oriented
• Target of 675 trainings under XII V Year plan
Training
CCS National Institute of Agriculture Marketing
Services it renders:
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-15 2016-17 TOTAL( Crores)
5.0 5.50 6.0 6.50 7.0 30
Budgetary allocation

24. Food Safety & Standards Act,2006
 Multiple regulations
 Harmonizing
 Facilitating trade
 Regulate manufacture, storage , sale , import of products & preventing adulteration.
 Developing internationally applicable standards & monitoring compliance
 Regulatory mechanism for offenders . ( Adjudicating officer, Special Courts, Food safety
Appellate Tribunal)
 Penalties & Compensation ( 1 to 10 lakhs) & Imprisonment ( 6 months to Life
Imprisonment)
Need>>
Important Provisions>>
Registration Certification
Authority: Food Safety Officer Authority: Officers appointed by CEO of FSSAI
or Food Safety Commissioner of state
Food business with turnover < 12 lakhs Export oriented units, All Import Units
Small manufacturers & petty hawkers Retail chains, Processing units (> 2MT/ day)

25. Indian Food
Law
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
1954
Department of Health
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Fruit Products Order
Ministry of Food
Processing Industries
Milk and Milk Products Order
Department of Animal Husbandry
Ministry of Agriculture
Agricultural Produce (Grading &
Marketing) Act
Department of Agriculture and Cooperation
Ministry of Agriculture
Standards of Weights and Measures Act and Packaged Commodity Rules,
The Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order,
The Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order,
The Solvent Extracted Oil, De oiled Meal, and Edible Flour (Control) Order
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
Export (Quality Control &
Inspection) Act
Department of Commerce
Ministry of Commerce & Industry
Food Safety & Standards Act,2006(MFPI)
Meat Products Order
Ministry of Food
Processing Industries
By repealing 17 existing Orders/Acts and to do away with multiplicity of governing authorities

26. Food Safety & Standards Act,2006(MFPI)
New formulations

27. Alternative Marketing Systems
AMS
Direct
Marketing
e-
Markets
Contract
Farming

28. Common Features
• Set up by state or SAMB or
by financial assistance &
loan to APMC.
• Facilities & maintenance by
APMC near to market.
• No middlemen
• Registered farmers can do
business.
• Fruits, Vegetables, Pulses &
Oilseeds
Benefits
• Price fixation
• Farmers share is increased
by 20 to 40 %
• Consumer gets cheaper
produce(25 to 30%)
• Transport service
• Temporary storage
Direct Marketing
Selvaraj et al. (2014) concluded that courteous behavior, right measurement, freshness &
variety were major plus points of Uzhavar Santhi’s.

29. Uzhavar Santhai
(TN)(1999)
• Online prices
• 179 Operational
• Daily Avg. 2262
MT
Ryhtu Bazaar
(AP)(1999)
• Online portal
• Mobile app
• 107 operational
• Cold storage in
all
Shetkari Bazaar
(Maharashtra)
• 12 operational
• 33 sanctioned
• 10 Lac by SAMB
to APMC
Krushak Bazaar
(Orissa)
• 32 functional
• Trade in Paddy,
Maize & cotton
also
Markets & Status
Kisan Mandi
(Haryana)(1988)
• 37 functional
Apni Mandi
(Punjab)(1987)
• In 26 cities of Punjab
• Mohali- AC
Raithe Santhe
(Karnataka)
• 15 operational
• Controversial efficiency

30. e- Markets
Spot Exchange
The Government has permitted setting up of
1. National Spot Exchange Ltd (NSEL) (Financial Technologies & NAFED)
2. NCDEX Spot Exchange Ltd (NSPOT) and ( Karnataka, 8 commodities)
3. National Agriculture Produce Marketing Company of India Ltd (NAPMC) (Suggestion)
Avenue for direct market linkage among farmers, processors, exporters and end users
They will also provide the most efficient spot price inputs to the futures exchanges.
Trading of Warehouse receipts.
Payment: T+3, T+4 days for agricultural commodities
Credit from banks up to 65%
Facilities of grading, certification
e-Procurement
Farmers Realization increased by 4-5% (Economic Survey, 2009)
Cost of marketing ( reduced by Rs. 210/Q )(Tur Board, Karnataka)
Facilities

31. 12 States
 Delhi, Gujarat
 Rajasthan, Maha.
 Karnataka
 Tamil Nadu, AP
 MP, Orissa
 WB, Bihar
26 Commodities
 Cotton, Castor seed,
 Desi chana, Guar seed,
 RM seed, Wheat,
 Barley, Red Arecanut,
 Maize, Yellow peas,
 Urad, Lemon tur,
 Soybean, Jeera,
 Ground nut, Sugar,
 Moong and Pepper
Spot Exchange
Business through 1900 terminals

32. Process
Note: Due to surfacing of 5,600 cr. NSEL scam in 2013, the exemption granted for one day
futures trading was withdrawn from all 3 exchanges because they were violating the limit

33. e- Choupal (2000)
Introduction
• e- Choupal (https://www.echoupal.com) is an initiative of ITC Limited "Indian
Tobacco Company", to link directly with rural farmers via the Internet for
procurement of agricultural and aquaculture produce.
Functioning
• The farmer carries a sample to local kiosk and receives a spot quote from the
sanchalak. If the farmer accepts the quote, he can transport the produce directly to
an ITC collection center, and gets payment within two hours.
• Serves an avg. of 600 farmers from 5 Km radius
Status
• 4 million farmers benefitted
• > 40000 villages
• 6582 kiosks installed and running
• Products- soya bean, coffee, wheat, rice, pulses, shrimp, coffee, spices
• States (10)

34. Online National Agriculture Market
 As reported by Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh Online national agriculture market
is going to start in February 2016 .
 Online national agriculture market provide more options to farmers to sell their product by
integrating 585 wholesale markets across India.
 Online national agri-market is expected to give option to farmers to sell their produce in
physical mandi’s or online platform.
• 1st Phase : Integration of 200 wholesale
• Budget of Rs 200 crore approved by cabinet.
• Status: Work completed for 164 markets
State Budget Utilized Mandi’s linked
 Karnataka 116 crore 50
 Gujarat 12 crore 40
 Maharashtra 9 crore 30
 Telangana 12.16 crore 44
Source: http://www.indiaagronet.com/Agri-News/online-national-agriculture-market.html

35. Contract Farming
Centralized Nucleus
Estate
Intermediary Multipartite Informal
• It is agreement between farmers and companies to for short/ long term whereby farmer provides
agreed upon quantity & quality of raw material at a pre determined price.
Present Status
 Major commodities: Poultry, Basmati, Durum wheat, Potatoes, Mushrooms, Pulses & oilseeds, tomato,
Onions, Flowers, Chilies, Garlic, Barley, Dairy products
 States: MP, Maharashtra, WB, Assam, Haryana, Punjab, Chhattisgarh, HP, Bihar, Karnataka
 Area: 6.73 Lakh Ha
 Companies registered on AGMARKNET: 25
Benefits
Assured market.
Quality inputs.
New technology & Practices
Diversification possibility.
Steady supply of raw material
Desired Quality & Quantity
Capital Investment low: Land
Lower risk : Demand oriented production
Farmers Companies

36. Present Major Contracts
State Company Commodity
MP ITC, Hindustan Unilever, Cargill, Rallis, Reliance Wheat(Durum& Sharbati),
Aromatic oils
Maharashtra Venkateshwar Hatcheries, TATA Chemicals, SH
Kellar Group, Champagne India
Broilers, Grapes, Aromatic Oil,
Grapevine
WB Frito-Lay Potatoes
Assam Hindustan Paper Mill Bamboo
Haryana TATA Chemicals, Vardhman TKS, Cotton
Punjab TATA Chemicals, Vardhman TKS, Cotton
HP Himalayan International ltd Herbs
Bihar Aditya Kumar enterprise Basmati Rice
Karnataka Bharti Associates, Sai Agro Tech Gherkin processing

37. Leading States
State Direct
Markets
Contract
farming cases
Registered
Licenses issued
for Direct
sourcing produce
from farmers to
Private
entrepreneurs
No. of
licenses
issued for
trading in
more than
one market
No. of
Licenses to
Private
Markets
Punjab 26 9 22 - Not permitted
Haryana 37 6 Provision made - Permitted
Gujarat - 2 17 No provision 13
Karnataka 15 Permitted 9 249 3
Rajasthan - Permitted 76 1 2
Tamil Nadu 179 5 - No provision 6
MP - 1 2 8 No provision
Maharashtra 12 7 107(48) 38 23
AP 107 1 171 - 4
Source: Final Report of Committee of State Ministers, In-charge of Agriculture Marketing to Promote Reforms ,2011

38. FDI in India Agriculture
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Amount/US$
Billion
Trends of FDI and AFDI inflow in India
AFDI FDI

39. Sector-Wise FDI Inflows in India during April, 2000 – June 2015
FDI in India Agriculture
Name of the Sector
FDI Inflows in
(US $ million)
Share in Total Investment
(%)
Agriculture Services 1763.57 0.68
Agriculture Machinery 418.65 0.16
Fertilizers 543.35 0.21
Sugar 178.04 0.07
Vegetable Oils & Vanaspati 566.48 0.22
Food Processing Industry
6,429.15
2.49
Source: Department Of Industrial Policy & Promotion (Ministry Of Commerce & Industry); 2014-15

41. Volume of Transactions
0.6
3.7
6.4
10.2 11.2
16.8
25.6
33.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013
India's Share in World Market (%)
Other Cereals and
preparations
Sugar and Preprations
Vegetables and fruits
Meat and meat
preparations
Fish etc.
Coffee, tea, cocoa & spices
Tobacco etc.
Rice
845.533
1136.964
1465.959
1634.318
1905.011 1896.348
84.562 110.848 180.077 224.099 259.597 236.402
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Share of AAP in Total Exports & Imports & BoT (Rs. In 000 Crore)
Total Exports
AAP
Total Imports
Imports AAP

43. Impact on Farmers
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Jute Vegetables
MSR
%
Marketed Surplus-Output Ratio(MSR) of Various Groups of Agriculture Produce 2008-
2012(Agriculture Statistics 2014)

44. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Percentage distribution of quantity sold by agency for selected crops during
January, 2013- June, 2013
Local
privatetrader
Mandi
Input dealer
Co-op& Govt.
agency
processors
Others
Impact on Farmers
Source: NSSO Survey on Farming Situation 2014(Key Indicators of Situation of Agricultural Households in India)

45. Conclusion
Challenges
• Limited access to Markets
• Infrastructure Lag
– Storage
– Transport
• Indebtedness
• Low share of produce handled
by regulated markets
• Long supply chains
• Market charges
• Poor extension
• Market Information
• Policy Implementation
• Inter-State barriers
• Support Prices
 Govt. attitude
Opportunities
• 2nd largest producer
• Diversity
• Widening of markets
– Integration
– Processing
• Promoting new concepts of
marketing
• Focusing on agriculture
– Employment
– Standard of living
– Manufacturing
– Trade Balance