1. ARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & I.T.
Object Oriented
Concept
Submitted by: Dhiraj Kumar
Class: ECE-A
Roll no. : 12EAREC052
Submitted to:
Dr. Kirti Vyas

2. Introduction :
We can define “object oriented programing as an
approach that provides a way of modularizing
programs by creating partitioned memory area for
both data and functions that can be used as a template
for creating copies of such modules on demand”.

3. OOP Concepts
• Class.
• Object.
• Instance.
• State.
• Method.
• Encapsulation.
• Inheritance.
• Polymorphism.

4. Class
• A class is an abstract definition of an object.
• Defines how would the object look like when created.
• The object type.
• Think of classes like the patents of actual inventions.

5. OO Concepts - Abdalla Mahmoud
Classes
Car Human

6. OO Concepts - Abdalla Mahmoud
Classes2
ManSuzuki
WomanBMW

7. Object
• An object is the actual entity instance lives in memory and
capable of doing real operations.
• Created (instantiated) according to the abstract definition of a
class.
• Think of objects like some invention created according to
some patent.

8. OO Concepts - Abdalla Mahmoud
Objects

9. Object and Their Interaction
Program

10. Object and Their Interaction
Program
Tom, hold your sweep!

11. Object and Their Interaction
Program
Tom, hold your sweep!
Tom, beat jerry!

12. Object and Their Interaction
Program
Tom.holdYourSweep()
Tom.BeatJerry()
IN PROGRAMMING

13. Object and Their Interaction
Program
Tom.holdYourSweep()
Tom.BeatJerry()
IN PROGRAMMING
message

14. Object and Their Interaction
Program
Tom.holdYourSweep()
Tom.BeatJerry()
IN PROGRAMMING
message
message

15. Object vs. Class
• Object
• Class

16. State
• The value of an attribute (variable) of the object.
• Describes some object’s characteristics.
• Ex: Car.color = red
• Adjectives.

17. Method
• An object’s ability to do some operation.
• Implements some functionality.
• Invoked by the same object or other interacting objects in the
system.
• Ex: car.accelerate()
• Verbs.

18. Message Passing
• The process by which an object:
– Sends data to another object.
– Asks the other object to invoke a
method.
• In other words, objects talk to each others
via messages.

19. Encapsulation
• Packaging an object's variables within the protective custody
of its methods is called encapsulation.
• Often, for practical reasons, an object may wish to expose
some of its variables or hide some of its methods.
• Access Levels:

20. Inheritance
• A class inherits state and behavior from its superclass.
Inheritance provides a powerful and natural mechanism for
organizing and structuring software programs.
Super Class
Subclasses

21. OO Concepts - Abdalla Mahmoud
Abstraction & Inheritance
Man
Suzuki
Woman
BMW
Car Human

22. Polymorphism
• Different objects share the same interface (e.g: same method
names).
• Different functionalities /implementations.
• One object may have several interfaces.
• One object can be treated as if it’s an instance from several
types (classes).