1. Temperatures in Albany
New York regularly dip be-
low freezing during the win-
ter months creating chal-
lenges for equipment opera-
tions. The clarifier, an impor-
tant component of the water
treatment process at the
station, had a tendency to
freeze up when tempera-
tures plunged.
A costly problem to fix, Joe
Ruggiero, senior environ-
mental engineer, came up
with a workable solution. He
recommended that heated
blow down water from the
plant Heat Recovery Steam
Generator (HRSG) units be
recycled and used to warm
the clarifier to prevent
freeze-up.
At BEC, about 1.5 million
gallons of water is drawn
from the Hudson River daily
and processed through the
clarifier and other water
treatment systems to supply
necessary make-up water
mendation would benefit
both station operations and
the environment.
“There were multiple bene-
fits to implementing this ap-
proach,” said Ruggiero. “By
re-using the blow down wa-
ter, we would considerably
reduce our discharge to the
(Continued on page 7)
E nv i r o n m e n t a l O u t l o o k
Reusing and recycling at BEC
March 4, 2010 A bi-weekly publication for the people of PSEG Fossil, like … Jim Cacciotti—BEC Relief Operator
P S E G V I S I O N
Being a recognized leader for:
People providing
Safe, reliable
Economic and
Green
Energy
PSEG Financial Outlook 2
Energy Insights 3
Generation Engineers 4
Fossil Scorecard 6
Coal Plants Hot Streak 8
I N S I D E O U T L O O K
Plant Engineer Denis Cote (Left) and Senior Environmental
Engineer Joe Ruggiero (Right) worked collaboratively on the
Clarifier Freeze Protection System at BEC.
Caroline Dorsa, PSEG Executive Vice
President & Chief Financial Officer,
discussed PSEG’s and Power’s financial
outlook during an all hands meeting held in
Newark on March 2.
Similar presentations will be given at locations
throughout PSEG. For more information on her
presentation, turn to story on page 2.
for the HRSG units and
cooling tower used in the
production of electricity.
Heated blow down water –
classified as waste water –
was regularly discharged
from these three HRSG
units to a settling pond to
remove solids before being
returned to the Hudson
River. Ruggiero’s recom-

2. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k 2
Power Faces Significant Revenue Reduction
Power hedges, or sells in advance most of its output.
This strategy creates price certainty and reduces the
risks posed by price fluctuations.
The average hedge price (BGS and non-BGS) for energy
and energy related components (not capacity) is down $6,
from $78 in 2009 to $72 in 2010.
Each dollar decrease in the price of energy represents
$40 million in reduced revenues.
Fossil hosted its first presentation on PSEG’s Financial Outlook for 2010 at an all hands meeting held in Newark on March 2. Caroline
Dorsa, PSEG Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, gave a detailed review of PSEG’s finances and the challenges ahead.
Much of her presentation focused on the impact of decreased demand and lower prices on Power’s revenues. Power accounts for
more than two-thirds of PSEG’s profits. The challenges facing Power, and other unregulated power producers, have led financial
analysts to project PSEG’s profits will decline in the next several years.
The presentation is the first in a series that will be given throughout the company including Fossil & ER&T. Executive officers
within each line of business will be delivering the same presentation to help employees better understand PSEG’s financial cir-
cumstances. Improving employees’ understanding of PSEG’s financial performance drivers is a key strategic objective for 2010.
Power to face declining prices for the next several years
Half of PSEG Power nuclear and coal output is hedged, or
sold in advance, through the New Jersey annual Basic
Generation Service auction. Each February, the Board of
Public Utilities auctions 1/3 of the supply for each of the
next three years. The BGS price changes in June; the new
price is the average of the three previous auctions.
As the bar chart explains, Power now faces three years of
declining prices.
This June the roll off will be about $3; this February’s price
of roughly $96 will replace 2007’s price of roughly $99.
The roll off next year is expected to be much greater,
assuming flat prices, when 2008’s price of $111.50 -- the
highest auction price ever -- will roll off.
PSEG financial outlook

3. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k
The article below provides an overview of PSEG's financial performance for 2010. Compared to 2008, PSEG's 2009 operating
earnings rose 3% to $3.12 per share. This was within our guidance of $3.00 - $3.25.
Our 2009 performance was driven by strong operating performance at Nuclear, Fossil and ER&T; the contribution of one-time sale
of leases at Holdings; and hindered by abnormal weather, the sluggish economy and expenses at PSE&G. 2009 was a challeng-
ing year, yet our results were well received by investors.
2010 is going to be another challenging year. Power prices set through the BGS auction declined for the second consecutive
year. In addition to lower BGS prices, our all-in hedge prices are also down in 2010, which are challenging Power's margins. This
means that O&M cost control will be critical to our 2010 performance.
As we proceed into 2010, PSEG will be investing in the Utility and in unregulated renewables, which will allow us to get an immedi-
ate return on our investments. These investments, coupled with continued cost control, an up-tick in the economy and normal
weather, have enabled PSEG to keep guidance for 2010 at $3.00 - $3.25 per share.
E n e r g y I n s i g h t s … U p d a t e s o n t h e c h a l l e n ge f a c i n g Powe r
PSEG financial perfor mance
B y J i m B e n s c o t e r , D i r e c t o r F i n a n c e F o s s i l
Dow Jones Newswire
By Mark Peters
Feb 18 - Public Service En-
terprise Group Inc (PEG)
fourth-quarter earnings rose
49% after write-downs had
weighed down the prior
year, while operating results
for the New Jersey power
company were flat.
PSEG, like many other U.S.
utilities, has struggled with
slowing demand and slump-
ing wholesale power prices
during the economic down-
turn. PSEG’s utility opera-
tion, Public Service Electric
& Gas, posted an 11% de-
cline in earnings as power
consumption dropped. Earn-
ings for PSEG’s generation
business, which sells power
at market prices rather than
regulated rates, fell 1.6% as
weaker wholesale prices
offset increased output and
lower fuel costs.
Overall, PSEG reported a
fourth-quarter profit of $349
million, or 69 cents a share,
up from $234 million, or 46
cents a share, a year ear-
lier. Operating earnings
were flat at 62 cents while
revenue decreased 12% to
$2.89 billion. The fourth
quarter of 2008 included a
large nonrecurring charge
for declines in the nuclear
decommissioning fund,
which wasn’t factored into
operating returns.
Analysts surveyed by Thom-
son Reuters expected earn-
ings of 60 cents a share on
$3.66 billion in revenue.
For 2010, PSEG forecast
operating income of $3 to
$3.25, bracketing analysts;
average estimate of $3.18.
PSEG didn’t release its pro-
jected power sales for 2010,
but forecasts an increase of
less than 1% in electricity
demand at its utility on a
weather-normalized basis.
The outlook isn’t getting
worse, but "we are seeing
some mixed indicators" of a
recovery, said Ralph Izzo,
chairman and chief executive
of PSEG, during a media
conference call Thursday.
In the year ahead, the power
and natural gas utility busi-
ness is seeking $222 million
in additional revenues from
New Jersey regulators. It
expects a decision in late
spring, with new rates effec-
tive by midyear.
Interest in merger-and-
acquisition activity is being
watched more closely in the
power sector following
PSEG 4Q Profit Climbs After 2008 Write-
Downs; Power Demand Down
FirstEnergy Corp. (FE) $4.7
billion bid for Allegheny En-
ergy Inc. (AYE) last week.
But Izzo said PSEG isn’t
interested at this point in
consolidation because of a
variety of uncertainties that
can affect the value of a
company, particularly the
lack of clarity from the fed-
eral government on green-
house gas emissions linked
to global climate change.
Credit market conditions and
new regulations expected on
coal-fired power plants raise
additional questions.
"I am not a big believer that
it is easily doable right now,"
Izzo said.
3

4. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k
Three Fossil associates who joined the company upon gradu-
ating college in 2008 successfully completed the requirements
of the Fossil Generation Engineer Program in January. Ac-
cepting permanent assignments as Reliability Engineers are
Shivani Malhotra, Shivam Sharma and Dan Bennett. They
have been assigned to Peaking, Linden and System Engineer-
ing, respectively.
The Fossil Generation Engineer Program is designed to attract
new engineers who are motivated to work in the power gen-
eration industry. Managed by Sonia Zacher-Martini, Manager
– Fossil Support Services,
the 1.5 to 2-year program
helps build bench strength
for future leadership posi-
tions within Fossil.
All three candidates attested
to the value of the program
and the opportunity it pro-
vided for hands-on opera-
tions experience. During the
program, the new engineers
spent time in different rota-
tional assignments and loca-
tions enabling them to learn
the various components of
generation technology.
Shivani Malhotra, a NJIT
graduate with a BS in me-
chanical engineering,
wanted a position that of-
fered practical field experi-
ence. She discovered that
internships in the automotive
and other industries did not
provide this opportunity.
Malhotra was surprised and
pleased by the depth of exposure to technical work obtainable
through the Fossil Generation Engineer Program.
“I wanted to take the theoretical knowledge I learned in school
and apply it. This program offered real world experience from
the beginning,” she said. Malhotra was assigned two rotations
within Fossil, first at Bergen and then Hudson generating sta-
tion. She also supported outages at the Texas stations.
At Bergen, Malhotra got involved with a variety of jobs and
was tasked with coordinating and executing the change out of
lube oil on Bergen Unit 1 gas turbines. She had the opportu-
nity to interface with station resources: safety, environmental,
operations, engineering, as well as outside contractors to help
rectify issues as they arose. “There was no room for error; it
was a great learning experience,” she said.
Having supported outages in New Jersey, Malhotra was well-versed
in the application of the Outage Control Center (OCC) in accordance
with the OEM model. She shared this experience with the Texas
team and brought back valuable maintenance and operations prac-
tices from Texas that she helped implement at Bergen.
Generation Engineers complete program
4
Malhotra’s rotational assignments included combined cycle
and coal generation. Her permanent assignment within
Peaking will expose her to a different side of the business
and gas turbine technology. “The practical knowledge that I
gained from the station personnel at each site was invalu-
able. These experiences will help me drive the OEM initia-
tives in my new assignment.”
Shivam Sharma served as a summer intern prior to signing
on to the Fossil Generation Engineer Program. He had a taste
of what was to come and liked it. A graduate from NJIT with a
BS in mechanical engineering, he was first assigned to Hud-
son and then moved to Bergen generating station. He also
supported the Guadalupe outage.
At Hudson, Sharma worked as a night shift issues manager
during the spring 2009 outage. He learned outage norms and
procedures and how the OCC operates. “This was a challeng-
ing assignment; there was a lot to absorb and then apply real
time,” he said.
Sharma found good support from graduates of the Fossil Gen-
eration Engineer Program and station personnel. “It’s easier to
learn more in a positive working environment. The culture at
PSEG was easy to fit into,” he said.
Sharma believes the program structure offered good expo-
sure to different technologies and departments and provided
a better understanding of the overall energy industry. In op-
erations, he learned how plants work; maintenance provided
exposure to planning and scheduling, technical operations
helped to bolster his engineering skills and plant outage work
(Continued on page 5)
Shivam Sharma and his manager, Dominick Sarullo, examine parts for the spring outage at Linden.

5. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k
Generation Engineers continued
5
demonstrated how preven-
tative maintenance and
repairs can foster opera-
tional excellence. “I feel
well prepared for the chal-
lenges ahead in my new
assignment at Linden gen-
erating station,” he said.
Dan Bennett had experi-
mented with generators
and motors at Lehigh Uni-
versity. When he gradu-
ated with a BS in electrical
engineering and came to
PSEG, he was excited by
the sheer magnitude of the
equipment at Mercer gen-
erating station, his first
rotational assignment.
“Working in power genera-
tion was always my intent.
I knew immediately I would
love it here. The rotational opportunities offered were ex-
actly what I was looking for,” he said.
After Mercer, Bennett supported the Central Maintenance
Shop (CMS) where he gained experience with outage support
at combined cycle, peaking and coal stations.
With so much to learn in a short span of 18 months, Bennett
found the people at the stations and within the service depart-
(Continued from page 4)
ments to be incredibly helpful. “I was impressed with how will-
ing they were to stop and take the time to share their knowl-
edge and experience with me,” he said “I learned that it takes
a lot of people with the same goals and commitment to keep
plants up and running.”
Bennett’s last rotation to System Engineering became his
permanent assignment. When new engineers finish the
Fossil rotational program
they are asked about their
interests; these are consid-
ered when matching up
candidates with the needs
of the business.
“Everything lined up nicely
for me,” said Bennett.
“System Engineering fits
with what I wanted to do
going forward. As a young
engineer, I will keep learn-
ing and developing as I
work on projects from site
to site.”
In 2010, Fossil will bring on
board three new genera-
tion engineers to the pro-
gram. Fossil’s recent
graduates will be available
to offer their insight and a
helping hand.
In his permanent assignment within System Engineering, Dan Bennett will work on projects from
site to site. He is pictured at the Mercer BET project.
Shivani Malhotra reviews the two minute drill card with two contract workers prior to beginning
electrical prep work for the Kearny 121 outage.

6. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k
The financial targets on the
Scorecard for 2010 have not
been finalized. SAP is still
open. In addition, the ethics
measure is still under devel-
opment. We expect all is-
sues to be resolved shortly.
In the meantime, we have to
maintain our focus. While
we have been moving in the
right direction for the past
few years, to reach Top
Decile/Top Quartile perform-
ance will require continuous
dedication in our commit-
ment to excellence in best
practices and behaviors.
The measures for January
show three areas where
we need to sustain a
watchful eye.
(A) Fossil Commercial
Availability is currently yel-
low. This was due to sev-
eral operating issues im-
pacting the availability of
Hudson 2 and Bergen 2.
Hudson 2 was unavailable
when the LMP prices were
high, driving its commercial
availability to 45.9 percent.
Bergen Unit 2 had a failed
transmitter. Both units had
an impact on this measure.
(B) Peaking Equivalent
Forced Outage Rate de-
mand is yellow. This meas-
ure was negatively impacted
due to control problems with
the voltage regulator on
Kearny 10 and the Burling-
ton 121 clutch. As the hours
of operation increase, it is
anticipated that Peaking’s
EFORD will improve.
(C) Waste – Percent Land-
fill Disposal is yellow. We
have set a very aggressive
goal and need all employees
to commit to reducing waste.
Aggressively ensure that all
Fossil Scorecard update &
recover y action plans
items that should be recy-
cled reach the correct dump-
ster, and integrate the topic
of waste control into all pre
and post job discussions. If
we encourage each other to
find ways to reduce the
amount of waste we gener-
ate, it will move us forward.
6
2009
YTD
2010
Target
Year-End
Forecast
YTD
Plan
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
2009
Month
2010
Target
Month
Plan
Monthly
Status
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
OSHA Recordable Incidence Rate 8.30 1.26
green
1.26 2.86 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OSHA Recordable Incidence Rate 8.30 1.26 1.26 - 2.86 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
OSHA Days Away From Work Rate 10.79 0.55
green
0.55 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OSHA Days Away From Work Rate 10.79 0.55 0.55 + 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Employee Development - MAST Goal (Job qualifications
training) - 97%
green
- - - - - - - - 1 - Data Not Available until March
Ethics (Quarterly) TBD
green
- - - - - - - -
Line Management Observations (LMOs) 95%
green
95% 96.7%
2009
YTD
2010
Target
Year-End
Forecast
YTD
Plan
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
2009
Month
2010
Target
Month
Plan
Monthly
Status
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
Fossil Commercial Availability (%) 88.9% 95.7%
yellow
95.2% 80.3% 74.3% 95.9% 89.5% 88.8% Fossil Commercial Availability (%) 88.9% 95.7% 95.2% - 80.3% 74.3% 95.9% 89.5% 88.8%
Fossil Operating Heat Rate (Coal) 10,501 10,475
green
10,475 10,192 10,192
Fossil Operating Heat Rate (CC) 7,482 7,464
green
7,464 7,498 7,498
Summer EFOR (Coal and CC) - 3.0%
green
- - - -
2009
YTD
2010
Target
Year-End
Forecast
YTD
Plan
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
2009
Month
2010
Target
Month
Plan
Monthly
Status
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
O&M Budget Controllable ($M) $32 $348
green
$20.8 $20.3 $7.2 $1.1 $6.5 $2.4 $0.2 -$0.5 O&M Budget Controllable ($M) $32 $348 $21 + $20.3 $7.2 $1.1 $6.5 $2.4 $0.2 -$0.5
O&M Joint Owned Units $M) $1.9 $37
green
$2.1 $1.6 O&M Joint Owned Units $M) $1.9 $37 $2.1 + $1.6
Total Generation (GWh) (NJ/CT Coal) 604 7,151
green
834 780 780 Total Generation (GWh) (NJ/CT Coal Only) 604 7,151 834 - 780 780
Capital Plan Versus Actual $29 $394
green
$22.0 $21.6 Capital Plan Versus Actual $29 $394 $22.0 + $21.6
Capital Project Results (Quarter + 1 month lag) - 95.0%
green
- - 2 - Sub categories do not add to Fossil Total (Fossil Support)
Unit Testing Optimization $0.6 $6.0
green
$0.3 $0.1
Fringe Cost (Quarterly) - $56.3
green
- - - - - - - -
Coal Equivalent Forced Outage Rate Demand
(EFORd) 4.0% 4.2%
green
4.2% 4.2% 4.2%
CC Equivalent Forced Outage Rate
Demand (EFORd) 1.0% 0.8%
green
0.8% 1.0% 1.0%
Peaking Equivalent Forced Outage Rate
Demand (EFORd) - LM 6000 & 7EA 1.8% 2.5%
yellow
2.5% 5.7% 5.7%
2009
YTD
2010
Target
Year-End
Forecast
YTD
Plan
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
2009
Month
2010
Target
Month
Plan
Monthly
Status
Fossil CO ST CC PK CON EOS
Environmental VOM per MWH $1.41 $1.33
green
$1.59 $1.05 $1.81 $0.64 $0.22 $1.81 Environmental VOM per MWH $1.41 $1.33 $1.59 + $1.05 $1.81 $0.64 $0.22 $1.81
Air, Water, Spills (All Incidents) 1 9
green
1 0 0 0 0 0 Air, Water, Spills (All Incidents) 1 9 1 + 0 0 0 0 0
Waste - Percent Landfill Disposal 6.4% 5.7%
yellow
5.7% 9.6%
Legend: Year-End Forecast: Expected to meet goal Achievement of Goal not yet assured Not expected to meet goal N/A
Monthly Status: + Better than plan o On Plan - Worse than plan N/A
PEOPLE PROVIDING PEOPLE PROVIDING
Fossil
GREEN ENERGY
Fossil
ECONOMIC
Fossil
GREEN ENERGY
Fossil
Fossil 2010 Balanced Scorecard
January
Fossil
ECONOMIC
Fossil
SAFE, RELIABLE
Fossil
SAFE, RELIABLE
Fossil
January YTD Month of January
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2 2
DRAFT *Financial Plan Not Locked, Subject to Change
A
B
C

7. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k
river, an environmental plus.
Plant availability would also
improve. The costs associ-
ated with thawing the clari-
fier could also be avoided.”
Work began on the Clarifier
Freeze Protection System in
June 2009. The challenge
was to implement the new
system as cost-efficiently as
possible. Initial estimates
came in at $250,000.
That’s when Denis Cote,
plant engineer, and a team
of BEC craft personnel
were brought in to do the
job. Cote was responsible
for leading the design, me-
chanical and electrical lay-
out and installation of the
system. Bringing the work
in house saved on labor
costs. The team also
looked for ways to econo-
mize on material costs by
recommissioning existing
retired equipment at the
Albany steam station.
“A 40,000 gallon condensate
storage tank from the retired
station was used to store the
blow down water at consid-
erable savings. Pre-existing
piping systems were also
reused,” said Cote.
As a result of these ef-
forts, the Clarifier Freeze
Protection System was
completed last December
at a cost of $55,000.
Running the new system
has had positive results;
there have been no clari-
fier freeze-ups to date.
The system has also re-
used over 5 million gallons
of water to date
(approximately 115K per
day) that would have been
discharged as waste wa-
ter. BEC is considering
using the system year-
round to continuously re-
cycle water.
(Continued from page 1)
Environmental Outlook continued
7
Ice formation along tank walls
Clarifier rake ice build-upIce formation along tank walls
B E C C l a r i f i e r F r e e z e U p J a n u a r y 2 0 0 9
C l a r i f i e r F r e e z e P r o t e c t i o n S y s t e m
System Commissioned Dec 2009
No clarifier freeze-ups to date
YTD - 5.8 million gallons water reused
40,000 Gal. Condensate Tank from
Albany Steam Station Re-commissioned
to receive BEC blowdown water
Reused existing piping systems
BEC Craft labor & Operations support
140°F blowdown water pumped to Clari-
fier via underground Raw Water Line from
Hudson River

8. P S E G F o s s i l O u t l o o k 8
Submit News
Submit news via the Power
Communications Mailbox in
Outlook or to the Fossil Outlook
publication team.
Editor
Nancy Tucker-Datrio
973-430-6097
Nancy.Tucker-Datrio@pseg.com
Design & Layout
David DiDonato
856-339-3848
David.DiDonato@pseg.com
Writer
Mike Jennings
973-430-6406
Michael.Jennings@pseg.com
Writer
Roland (Bogg) Boggio
973-430-8193
Roland.BoggioJr@pseg.com
Fossil Vision
We will be recognized as the
industry leader in producing and
delivering safe, reliable, eco-
nomic and clean energy by em-
ployees, customers, investors
and the communities we serve.
Fossil Mission
We Pledge to:
Exhibit true passion to
achieve Safety Excellence
Conduct all our activities in
an environmentally clean and
responsible manner
Treat our associates with
respect, promote diversity and
inclusion, foster growth and
development and be recog-
nized as an employer of
choice
Be the electric generator
of choice
Maximize shareholder value
through cost control and dis-
ciplined investment
Maintain open and honest
communication with our asso-
ciates and stakeholders
Foster a culture that is self-
critical and strives for continu-
ous improvement to drive
operational excellence
It seems that coal stations have been on a good run, why?
Performance at Fossil’s coal stations has noticeably improved during the past several months,
demonstrating the power of our Operational Excellence Model. Across the board – safety, envi-
ronment and operations – there have been better results, which is a tribute to the work of the
plants’ staffs and leaders.
For the first time during my two years with PSEG, I am very comfortable with each plant’s lead-
ership team – the leadership teams have the right standards to assure that we continuously im-
prove. We have the right people in the right spots. Previously, at each site there have been peo-
ple resistant to the OEM, who did not agree with it and did not want it to succeed. Now there is
alignment at each station. The leaders and crews are taking ownership and accepting account-
ability for implementing the OEM.
The trends in the critical areas used to judge our work, safety, environment and operational per-
formance have improved, showing how a self-critical and proactive approach improves every
aspect of performance.
The coal plants’ safety performance has turned around in the past five months. Safety perform-
ance improved after last spring’s safety intervention training sessions, but people were still get-
ting hurt too often. The past five months have been very successful with no significant injuries.
Safe operations are fundamental to operational excellence, short cuts that put people at risk
compromise operational performance in the long run, when the inevitable injuries occur and be-
come the focus of attention.
Coal’s environmental performance has also been exceptional, with no incidents due to human
error or plant equipment failure in the past five months. The need to operate our coal stations in
an environmentally responsible manner cannot be overstated. There are people who want to
shut down our coal stations and are waiting to pounce if we fail to meet our environmental com-
mitments. Environmental excellence is operational excellence.
Our coal station’s EFORd rate was 4.5 % in 2009, down from 10.1% in 2008, vs. the 6.3%
goal for 2009. We have set a target of being in the top quartile in 2010. In 2009, our coal
fleet also ranked in the top quartile for EFORd due to boiler tube failures. These improve-
ments are the result of employees at each plant identifying issues and taking action to head
off potential problems.
The improved results at the coal stations show that the OEM has us on the road to being
top quartile performers.
Coal plants on a hot streak
A s k t h e D i r e c t o r w i t h D o n G a s t o n ,
D i r e c t o r o f G e n e r a t i o n – C o a l