Oncological emergencies are well explained. It is classified properly and important ones are explained clearly. For video explanation follow me on YouTube Nurse DE https://youtu.be/GUQzSF7_UPc

1. Oncological Emergencies

2. •Oncological emergencies are complications
resulting from cancer and cancer treatment.
•It is a life threatening condition.

4. Superior Vena cava syndrome
• Superior Vena cava is compressed or obstructed by tumor growth
• Results in obstruction in the venous drainage from head neck and
Thorax
• mostly seen in lung cancer or lymphoma

5. Signs and Symptoms of SVC Syndrome
• Facial and periorbital edema
• Stokes sign
• Edema of arms hands
• Swelling of veins in chest neck
• Erythema of the upper body
• Epistaxis occur
Life threatening signs and symptoms
• Airway obstruction
• Hemorrhage
• Cyanosis
• Increased icp
• Headache, visual disturbance, altered mental
status
• hypotension

6. Intervention
• Assess for early signs and symptoms of SVC syndrome
• semi Fowler position
• administer corticosteroids diuretics
• high dose Radiation therapy & chemotherapy
• vena cava bypass surgery
• thrombolytic therapy
• give breathing support
• monitor Fluid volume level

7. Tumor lysis syndrome
• When large quantities of tumor cells are destroyed rapidly
and intracellular components is released Into the
bloodstream faster than the body can eliminate them this
can cause electrolyte Imbalances
• Leading to tetrad of abnormalities
Hyperkalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia

9. Clinical manifestation

10. Intervention
• Ensure good hydration
• Add Sodium Bicarbonate
• Diuretic therapy with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor or
acetazolamide
• Administered sodium polystyrene sulphonate
• Administer hypertonic dextrose with saline
• Administer aluminium hydroxide
• Hemodialysis
• Assess urine PH
• Administer allopurinol

11. Spinal cord compression
• Compression of spinal cord
from tumor directly Or
compression of the spinal
cord when the vertebral
column collapses from
tumor entry causing
permanent neurological
damage and mortality.

12. Intervention
• Early recognition for back pain and neurological deficit
• radiation and chemotherapy
• corticosteroid therapy
• surgery

13. Signs and symptoms
• Back pain
• Neurological deficit
• Bowel bladder dysfunction
• Weakness

14. Hypercalcaemia
• Life threatening condition
• It is a last manifestation of extensive malignancy
• Release of calcium more than in amount which can be eliminated by
the kidney Because of bone destruction and demineralization.

15. Signs and symptoms
• Early signs include
1. fatigue
2. anorexia
3. nausea vomiting
4. constipation
5. polyuria
• serious signs and symptoms include
1. Severe muscle weakness
2. Diminished deep tendon reflex
3. paralytic ileus
4. dehydration
5. Change in electrocardiogram

16. Intervention
• Monitor serum calcium level and ECG
• administer fluid
• use laxatives and stool softeners
• promote mobility
• administer medication to lower calcium level
• prepare the client for dialysis

17. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH)
• Tumors can produce, secrete, stimulate substances that mimics
antidiuretic hormone.

18. Signs and symptoms
• MI symptoms include
1. weakness
2. muscle cramps
3. loss of appetite
4. fatigue
5. serum sodium level range from 115 to 120 mEq/L
• serious sign and symptoms related to water intoxication And include
1. weight gain
2. personality changes
3. confusion
4. extreme muscle weakness
• as the serum sodium level approaches 110 mEq/L seizures coma and eventually death will occur unless
condition is treated rapidly

19. Intervention
• Initiate fluid restriction
• increase sodium intake
• Administer antagonist to diuretic hormone
• Monitor Serum sodium level
• Treat the underlying cause with chemotherapy and radiation

20. Sepsis and Disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
• Increased risk for infection specially gram-negative organisms in
bloodstream (sepsis or septicemia) and DIC a life threatening problem
frequently associated with sepsis.

21. Intervention
• Early identification
• strict aseptic technique
• signs of bleeding and infection
• administer antibiotic intravenously
• administer anticoagulants in early phase of d i c
• Administer cryoprecipitated clotting factors

22. Thank You