Femtocell networks provide indoor cellular coverage using small cellular base stations that connect standard mobile devices to a mobile network operator's network via broadband internet connections. Femtocells have a short range of about 10 meters and use licensed cellular spectrum. The document discusses femtocell architecture, the differences between macrocells and femtocells, handover strategies between networks, benefits and challenges of femtocells, spectrum access in two-tier femtocell networks, and future applications of femtocell technology.

1. FEMTOCELL NETWORKS: IT’S ACCESS AND
STRATEGIES
BY: AGNIV DEY(ECE-1-X/16900313002)
DEBOKTI GHOSH(ECE-1-
X/16900313038)
1
Under the Guidance of:
Prof. SUBHAM PRAMANIK
Paper Code: EC 681.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Academy of Technology
Hooghly-712121,West Bengal,India.
PREPARED
BY:

2. Q.)WHAT IS A FEMTOCELL?
 cellular base station.
 Usage for indoor coverage of 3G systems.
 Provides a range in the order of 10 meters.
 Femtocells operate in licensed spectrum to connect
standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s
network using cable broadband connections.
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3. SIMPLIFIED ARCHITECTURE:
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4. MACROCELL & FEMTOCELL:A QUICK WALKTHROUGH:
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5. HANDOVER STRATEGIES:
 Handover Definition: Handover (called handoff in the US) is the process by which a mobile phone
switches between different call sites during a phone call, continuing with seamless audio in both
directions.
 Two types of Handover mechanisms and their differences are:
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Soft Handover Hard Handover
Used in Mobile Systems. Used in Femtocells.
mobile phone continuously measures
the signal level and quality from
nearby cell sites. These measurement
reports are streamed to the current
active base station, which determines
when and where to initiate a handover
sequence.
all calls are switching instantly to or
from the femtocell and the external
outdoor cellular network. This is
known as “hard handover” and would
typically not be audible or noticeable
to the caller.

6. WHY FEMTOCELL: BENEFITS:
 Alternative method to deliver the benefits of fixed mobile convergence(FMC).
 Coverage even in rural areas.
 Increases the reception of mobile signals in the area.
 Femtocells can also be used in the areas where there is very high traffic of mobile users.
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7. DEMERITS:
 High price
 Security
 Installation woes
 Requires broadband connection.
 complex set up
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8. SPECTRUM ACCESS:
 a) Two–tier network: A network that is formed by a macro cell and a number of femtocells is called as
two-tier network.
 b) Primary users(PU): Here, the base station (BS) or the macro cell and the user equipment attached to
the BS (primary user equipment, PUE) are primary users.
 c) Secondary users(SU): And the Femtocell access points (APs) and the user equipment (secondary
user equipment, SUE) are secondary users.
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9. RADIO ISSUES:
SPECTRUM : LICENSCED
POWER CONSUMPTION: 10-100mW
BACKHAUL: IP Network
FREQUENCY: 1.9-2.6 ghz
DATA RATE: 7.2-14.4 Mbps
RANGE: <10 meters
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10. CHALLENGES:
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REMOTE DEVICE MANAGEMENT
SECURITY

11. Q.) WHAT IS FMC?
 FMC stands for fixed-mobile convergence.
 It was stated at a press conference in 2004 organized by the FMCA(Fixed-Mobile Convergence
Alliance):”FMC is aimed at bringing “seamless communication” across customers when they connect
using their (mobile)cellphones to (fixed)broadband systems.
 Seamless here indicates seamless “handover”.
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12. WHAT IS BACKHAUL? :
 Backhaul portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network, or
backbone network and the small subnetworks at the “edge” of the entire hierarchical network.
 Example: examples include:
 Connecting wireless base stations to the corresponding base station controllers.
 Connecting to the nearest ATM.
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13. WHAT IS F.A.P.?:
 FAP stands for Femto Access Points which are simple electronic circuits used for establishing
connection between the user’s cellphone and the broadband/DSL connection.
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14. FUTURE SCOPES:
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 Operators will use femtocells to build a new generation communication system at lower cost.
 The majority of homes in developed countries already use a Wi-Fi network for Internet access
 A number of FMC architectures use the home Wi-Fi access point to deliver the same benefits as
femtocells.
 Femtocells will raise the bar for high performance broadband wireless and customers will expand the
utility of mobile broadband devices.

15. CONCLUSION:
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• Forms an integral part of the development strategy for cellular telecommunications operators
• provide the possibility for additional services and the promise of lower charges
• use of femtocells will become a mainstay in the cellular telecommunications road map for the future

16. REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY/WEBLIOGRAPHY:
  M. Z. Chowdhury, W.Ryu, E.Rhee,Y. M. Jang-“Handover between Macrocell and Femtocell for UMTS
based Networks.”-Feb. 15- 18,2009 ICACT 2009
  A. Golaup, M. Mustapha, L. B. Patanapongpibul-“Femtocell Access Control Strategy in UMTS and
LTE”-IEEE Communication Magazine, Sept. 2009.
  Q.Su, A. Huang, Z. Wu, G. Yu, Z. Zhang, K. Xu, J. Yang-“A Distributed Dynamic Spectrum Access and
Power Allocation Algorithms for Femtocell Networks”-2009 ,IEEE

  http://www.femtoforum.org
  3GPP; http://www.3GPP.org
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17. QUERIES?(IF ANY):
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