3. It is the assignment of a number
to a characteristic of an object or
event which can be compared to
other objects or events.
It is the action of measuring
something.
Measurement
4.
5. It is a classification that describes the
nature of information within the values
assigned to variables.
Measurement scales are used to
categorize and quantify variables.
These scales were developed by the
psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens in
1946.
Scales or Levels of
measurement
6.
7. Stevens (1946,1951 ) proposed that measurements
can be classified into 4 different types of scales .
These were :
NOMINAL
ORDINAL
INTERVAL
RATIO
Theory of Scale types
8.
9. Identity: each value on the measurement
scale has a unique meaning.
Magnitude: Values on measurement scales
have a ordered relationships to one another.
Equal intervals: scale units along the
scale are equal to one another.
A minimum value of zero: the scale has
true zero point, below which no value exists
PROPERTIES OF
SCALES
10.
11. Nominal variables can be placed into
categories.
They don’t have a numeric value so they
cannot be added, subtracted, multiplied,
divided.
They also have no order.eg.-gender,
nationality ,language etc.
Least precise
Qualitative classification
Nominal scale
12.
It contains things that can be placed in order.
For example hottest to coldest ,lightest to heaviest,
richest to poorest etc.
basically if we can rank data by 1st ,2nd ,3rd place
and so on ,then the data is on an ordinal scale.
Units along the scale is not equal in size.
It can be used in a school in the case of prize
distribution.
Ordinal scale
13. It is more precise and refined than
nominal and ordinal scale.
It has equal units of distribution.
It doesn’t possess a true zero.
It has ordered numbers with meaningful
divisions.
Fahrenheit and centigrade thermometers
are example of this scale.
Interval scale
14. The ratio scale is exactly the same as interval
scale with one major difference: zero is
meaningful
It is the most refined among all scales.
It has an absolute zero point (complete absence
of phenomena being measured)
It is used for physical sciences. For e.g.-
temperature in kelvin , heart beats per min etc.
Highest level of measurement
Ratio scale
15.
16. Measurement scales help us to
determine the appropriate
statistical procedure for analysing
particular data and drawing
conclusions from that data.
Each type of measurement scale
has a specific use.
Conclusion
17.
Books :1 . Measurement: Its concepts, theories and
problems – Karel Berka
URL:
1. www.cliffsnotes.com
2. www.statistichowto.com
3. www.mnestudies.com
Retrieved on 2/9/18
Bibliography
