Market trends for aura air

PORTABLE HEPA B2B US-UK
MARKET OPPORTUNNITIES
For
AURA AIR
WRITTEN BY
DAVID GRENIMAN
SEPTEMBER 2019
ISRAEL

ii
Contents
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................4
GENERAL MARKET TRENDS .................................................................5
PUBLIC POLICY.......................................................................................7
GLOBAL STANDARDS .................................................................7
USA ...............................................................................................8
REBATE PROGRAMS.................................................................11
UK................................................................................................12
HOSPITALITY (HOTELS).......................................................................14
SPECIALIZED COMPETITORS ..................................................15
NOTEWORTHY PARTNERSHIPS ..............................................17
EDUCATION AND NURSERIES ............................................................18
POLICY AND PROGRAMS .........................................................18
USA .............................................................................................19
UK................................................................................................21
CASES.........................................................................................22
USA .............................................................................................22
UK................................................................................................24
NOTABLE COMPETITORS.........................................................26
HOSPITALS AND CLINICS ....................................................................28
GUIDELINES ...............................................................................29
NOTABLE COMPETITORS.........................................................31
CASES.........................................................................................34
ELDERCARE..........................................................................................35
CASES.........................................................................................35
NONPROFIT................................................................................37
CASES INDEX AND DETAILS ...............................................................38

US-UK B2B/B2G MARKET OPPORTUNNITIES
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INTRODUCTION
Purpose
This document has been compiled to shed light on the current state and trends in the B2B
market for portable HEPA in the US and the UK as a preliminary stage toward Aura Air’s plan
for the initiation of B2B pilots in Q1 of 2020 and launch in Q3. With consideration that this is
still a young and emerging market, various foundational facts have been collected in order to
assist Aura Air in market positioning.
Definitions and scope
Throughout preliminary investigation into indoor air purification systems generally, and more
specifically HEPA air purifiers dedicated to limited 100m spaces, it has been found that the
following terms are often interchangeable:
• Air cleaners – most prominently used in the United States
• Air purifying units – especially in the healthcare industry, as well as in the UK
• Portable air filters – a term used to distinguish from HVAC systems
While this study aims to pinpoint the HEPA and portable air purification market, various references to HVAC
systems exist within the document. Such information has been provided under the working assumption that it is
important to maintain awareness of the positioning of primary alternative to HEPA units in the B3B market –
HVAC.
What can be found in this document?
While this document is divided according to varying markets by activity (hospitality, education,
healthcare, and eldercare), the research is comprised of three general categories: Crucial
policy information, specific venues of opportunity (these two categories are often hard to
distinguish), and a layout of players and circumstances in the field.
• Crucial policy information includes professional, technical and consumer guidelines and executive actions.
• Specific venues of opportunity include rebate programs (see 4.2), federal, state or local initiatives, as well
as prominent drivers toward the use of HEPA filters in the B2B and public markets. As per sourcing provided
by Aura Air, this study encompasses B2G, as well as B2B.
• Layout of players and circumstances in the field refers primarily to competitors, projects and cases.
Orientation
All underlined text links to sources.
• Most general policy matters are included in section 4 “public policy”,
• However, where it was found noteworthy, specific policy information is included in each chapter’s “policy”
section, which is divided between US and UK.
• Specific venues of opportunity are found throughout the various sections, with the most prominent ones
mentioned in the executive summary

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The strongest regional markets found for portable air purification are California,
London, and regions prone to forest fires. Schools and hospitals are strongly driven by the
gradual rise of indoor air quality standards – primarily in the western part of the United States
and in London. The hospitality market for air purification is driven largely by the trend toward
“wellness”. The market for eldercare is relatively inactive, with little noteworthy competition.
Thousands of HEPA units have been purchased in California and London in the context of
local public programs.
Hospitality
The primary drivers found in the hospitality industry are the rising wellness industry and
culture, along with a rising market for allergy friendly hospitality.
Two primary competitors have been found in the hospitality industry – Pure and Delos, who offer
hundreds of hotels with holistic health and wellness packages. These packages seem crucial so long
as air cleaning is not a prerequisite for hotels, people will not pay a markup for air cleaning
alone.
Education
Education is highly involved with public programs and advocacy. Over the years, official standards
for indoor air quality in schools are rising at a mild incline, obliging schools in various locations
to clean their air. This phenomenon is noteworthy in:
• California, which combines a large affluent population, large government subsidies and high rates of pollution.
• States where wildfires are common, especially in the American northwest, including Oregon and Maine.
• London, where awareness is widespread of the city being one of the most polluted in Europe.
Another important trend is the growth of parent action advocacy and even crowdfunding for air
filtration for primary schools. This trend has received special attention, and subsequent success, in
London. Some of these publications and movements occurred following certain companies
contributing air quality measurement services or standalone HEPA units to several schools.
Healthcare
Healthcare establishments have been filtering air for many years, primarily using HVAC systems.
However, HEPA units are increasingly added as supplementary measures. Certain companies
have enjoyed great success focusing primarily on dental clinics, animal hospitals, and laboratories.
Eldercare
The Eldercare market is discreet, and activity is either sparse or opaque. In regions where smoke
hazards are frequent a positive trend has been identified on the part of business and nonprofits.

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GENERAL MARKET TRENDS
• The Global Air Purifiers Market has been growing at a moderate rate over the last five years on account of
upsurge in the carbon dioxide emissions leading to surging prevalence of deaths owing to air pollution. During
2016-21, the air Purifiers Market is anticipated to grow at an increased rate on the back of intensifying
government regulations. Increasing demand for various types of air purifiers such as vehicle mounted as well
as portable air purifiers has been anticipated to
propel thrust in the sales of air purifiers in the
future. This market is projected to exhibit CAGR of
over 12% for this time period (source).
• Additional drivers for growth include
improvements in energy saving technology,
heightened popular and institutional awareness of
environmental concerns and an increase in
affluence markets.
• The role of HEPA filters is expected to grow at a
significantly higher rate than other techniques
• The Asia Pacific Region is expected to exhibit the
highest CAGR of 14.4% during 2018-2025
• The residential segment accounts for the highest
market share. (source)
• Major international players in the residential air
purifier market are Daikin Industries, 3M, Phillips,
Honeywell, and Sharp. Some of the key vendors in
the residential air purifiers markets are Alen, Airgle,
Guardian Technologies, Austin Air, Blueair,
EcoQuest International, Hamilton Beach Brands,
Homeimage, Fellowes, omeimage, Hoover,
IQAir, Sunbeam Products, Whirlpool, Winix,
Oreck, and Rabbit Air among others
(source).
• The United States market has an expected
CAGR of 5% for the period 2013-2023 due to
an increase in disposable income among US
citizens along with the increase in concerns
of airborne diseases and wildfire pollution,
and awareness about the ramification of air
pollution on cognitive abilities. (source)
• According to the google market finder, the
United States ranks as no 1 best market for
the air purifiers with 24 million searches on
related issues every month. Full market
research on air purifiers in California.
• The US rates 8th least polluted country in the world with a medium rating of death from indoor air pollution.
1 - Global smart air purifiers market by technique Source: Allied Market
research
2 - US market growth projections by region

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• In the United Kingdom each year air pollution leads to about 29,000 premature deaths, regarded as the
leading cause for growing incidences of respiratory diseases and mortality.
• London is one of the most polluted cities in Europe. Apart from the residential sector, commercial
establishments such as healthcare institutes, hotels, etc. in the UK are increasingly opting for air purifiers.
Greater London accounts for a lion’s share in the UK air purifiers market, The market for air purifiers in the UK
is projected to cross USD636 million by 2020 (source).
• Google market finder places the UK as the fifth best market for air purifiers after the United States, Germany,
Japan and France, counting 12 million related searches every month.
• The UK is rated the 11th least polluted country in the world, with a medium rating for death from indoor air
pollution.

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PUBLIC POLICY
GLOBAL STANDARDS
OSH
Occupational safety and health is a field that ensures the safety and health of the people at
work. Each country has its own set of standards and regulatory authority to enforce them. The
first standards for indoor air quality and air testing started from this field, especially in
industries like coal mining, gas, and petrochemical processing in which people are exposed to
chemicals during their workday but has evolved to include modern work environments like
offices and open spaces. Source
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most popular green
building rating system in the world. Green building is the practice of designing, constructing
and operating buildings to maximize occupant health and productivity, use fewer resources,
reduce waste and negative environmental impacts, and decrease life cycle costs. When it
comes to indoor air quality, LEED defines standards of certain pollutants that has to be
monitored prior to the occupancy of a new building or after renovation of an old one. These
pollutants include PM2.5, PM10, CO, ozone, tVOC, Formaldehyde and specific VOC’s like
Benzene and Toluene. The disadvantage of LEED standards is that it doesn’t monitor those
pollutants after occupancy.
RESET
RESET is the first sensor-based building standard and certification program for air quality
monitoring. It defines the parameters that has to be monitored online, their values, the types of
monitors that should be used, the way to save the data and the way to communicate the
results to the public. The monitored parameters in this standard are CO2, tVOC, PM2.5,
temperature and humidity. Source

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USA
EPA
The EPA, United States environmental protection agency, has published a number of
documents relating to indoor air filtration:
• The EPA website includes a dedicated section for indoor air quality
• As well as a section dedicated to residential air cleaners, which includes:
• technical summary:
a. Refers to both HEPA and HVAC systems, provides a
literature summary – both technological and biological.
b. Description: “In residential air cleaners, filters described as
being HEPA filters are generally equivalent to MERV 16
and offer the highest available particle removal efficiency of
fibrous media air filters for a wide range of particle sizes.”
• Consumer guide:
a. First recommends HVAC filters, then HEPA filters which
are called “portable air cleaners”
b. Tentatively refers to research that has indicated that air
cleaning positively impacts health and specifically asthma.
c. Repeatedly warns against ozone producing air cleaners.
• Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for School Building
Upgrades
a. Explicitly recommends the use of indoor air cleaning
(particle filtration) devices in cases of over exposure of
spaces to vehicular exhausts.
b. Explicitly warns against ozone producing devices.
ENERGY STAR
Energy Star is a program run by the EPA that promotes energy efficiency. Many public
programs rely on Energy Star to determine which products to recommend or purchase.
The energy star website contains a full detailed list of certified room air cleaners.

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ASHRAE
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), a
global organization with over 57,000 members, is cited by many prominent organizations,
including the USA Department of Health and Human Services, as the authority on matters to
do with construction and engineering standards. In 2009 ASHRAE published, along with a
number of other important organizations* an official indoor air quality guide.
*these include: the American Institute of Architects, Building Owners and Managers Association International, Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Green Building Council.
• Particle filtration is recommendation 5 out of 6 for the reduction of contaminations, (page 167),
after various ventilation strategies.
• The guide does not refer specifically to HEPA filtration, does refer to particle filtration in general.
• Design teams are recommended to consider particle filtration in the following circumstances:
“When…”
a. …outdoor ventilation is unreliable
b. …outdoor ventilation air is consistently or seasonally burdened with high heat and latent loads
c. …source control tactics, such as material selection and localized exhaust, are insufficient for
adequately lowering concentrations of contaminants
d. …occupant function or activity generates elevated levels of contaminants
e. …internal occupancy patterns include high density and/or wide diversity or space usage
f. …the owner or tenant needs or expectations require higher levels of contaminant control
g. …occupants, occupant activities or contents of the building require enhanced levels of protection
h. …exhaust systems contain contaminants that have the potential for re-enterainment.
California Air Resources Board
Among US states, California places a special emphasis on regulations regarding air
quality. This is the result of frequent forest fires as well as high vehicular pollution.
• California has specific air cleaner regulations, including rules for prevention of ozone emissions from indoor air
cleaning devices.
• California Air Resources Board (CARB) has a dedicated indoor air quality group. CARB has:
a. Published a dedicated guideline (2014) for residential air cleaning devices which states: Air cleaning
devices, particularly high efficiency filtration devices, can do a lot to improve your indoor air quality.
b. Published a list of certified air cleaners as well as cleaners to avoid
c. Published a report in 2005 which highlights indoor air pollution as a significant hazard, claiming it costs the
state $45 billion each year. Despite its early publication date, the report includes a subsection (5.5, page
170) addressing air cleaning devices, which they deem as useful, with some caveats.
• California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, affiliated with all air districts in California, published
recommendations for schools in 2019 in which the top recommendation is the installation of HEPA filters.
• Official Indoor Air Filtration factsheet from the EPA. One of the primary concerns that leads to this situation in
California is the prevalence of wildfire, as well as extensive driving.
• Port of Long Beach published a 2009 Guideline (see page 9) for the Port of Long Beach Grant Programs
includes an explicit proposal to install HEPA units for individual classes at the cost of approx. $8500 per unit.

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Department of Health and Human Services
A 2003 Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments Guideline
prominently presents air filtration as a solution for environmental concerns. The guideline
presents HVAC systems as the dominant solution, with HEPA filters as a high-quality
alternative for those who can afford it, citing HEPA filters to cost 100-250 dollars per unit. The
guideline defers strongly to the ASHRAE guidelines and standards.
The American Lung Association
The American Lung Association states in the 2019 “State of the air report”:
• Air pollution increased greatly during the 2015-2017 period when compared with the 2014-2016
period. Some cities reached their highest level ever (mostly ozone & particle pollution).
• The three years covered in this report ranked as the hottest years on record globally and is
connected to the climate change
• In accordance to the wildfires The Lung Association warns that smoke from wildfires in Montana &
California areas poses lethal health hazards to people living and working in surrounding areas,
especially those most vulnerable – children and teens, seniors, pregnant women and those living
with lung disease.
• The lung Ass. Has partnered with Dyson to provide air purifiers to homes, workplaces and
community spaces impacted by the wildfire.”
• The Lung Association also offers tips to stay safe from wildfire smoke:
a. Using air purifier in homes is been shown in scientific research to be affective in protecting health
during wildfires.
b. The recommendation is to use an air purifier that has a HEPA filter to capture harmful particles at
home and circulate air around the whole room to help clear the air from smoke.
Source

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REBATE PROGRAMS
Paramount, California
City of Paramount, California, advertised a rebate program as of February 2019 offering
residents aid in the installation of indoor air purifiers and HVAC filters.
• The rebates are applied to the purchase of “True HEPA” air purifiers
• The program will reimburse up to 100$ for the cost of one unit
• Filters must have a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13
• The program was instigated as a measure to deal with high local pollution sources, such as
freeways, railways and ports.
Maine
Efficiency Maine is a State instituted public trust that administers programs to improve the
efficiency of energy use and reduce greenhouse gases in the state of Maine, primarily by
delivering financial incentives on the purchase of high-efficiency equipment. As part of its
rebate program, The Trust offers state citizens a $50 rebate for the purchase of room air
purifiers, so long as they are Energy Star certified (list of Energy start certified air purifiers*),
and purchased prior to June 2020.
*The list includes the Lux HEPALUX air cleaner under the brand “Aura”.

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UK
London assembly investigation into traffic congestion
Full document
• In this report, the very first point raised in response to the question “what impact does congestion
have on Londoners, the city’s economy and its environment?” refers to widespread concern about
air pollution.
• The writers of the paper underlined the fact that the popularity of the terms “best air purifier”
and “air quality index” both rose by a factor of 750% from August 2006 to August 2016.
• Numerous articles from major publications are underlined as well, to indicate a rising concern not
about a decrease in air quality, but an increase in concern about a lack of improvement.
The official UK clean air strategy for 2019
Full document
• Does not refer directly to indoor air
filtration, only emission reduction.
• However, the report does include
11 mentions of indoor air quality.
• “We will work with consumer groups,
health organizations and industry to
plan an extensive public engagement
campaign, to raise awareness of
NMVOC build-up in the home, and
the impact that purchasing choices
have on indoor air quality”
• The report also includes
suggestions to label products with
regard to their impact on indoor
air quality.
Figure 3: section from the official UK clean air strategy for 2019

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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
Full document
The NHCE is expected to publish an indoor air quality in the home guideline:
• States: “People spend up to 90% of their lives indoors and 60% of that time at home. Indoor air
pollutants come from building materials (including fittings and flooring), furnishing, consumer
products such as those used for cleaning, candles or diffusers, and activities such as cooking and
smoking. They also come from biological sources, for example, mold, house dust mites, bacteria,
pests or pet dander.”
• Guideline is expected to be published on 11th December 2019 Progress tracker.
Mayor of London’s air quality audits & fund
Full document 24 May 2018
• Blueprints for 50 schools in most-polluted areas of London.
• New 1M fund to help worst affected schools bring in changes immediately.
• Will also provide 20 nurseries with air quality audits and indoor air filters.
• This is following audits over the previous year in 50 schools.
• Includes major infrastructure measures, such as closing roads or moving playgrounds and school
entrances, as well as targeting indoor pollution using improved ventilation systems, and installing green
‘pollution barrier’ hedges, tackling engine idling outside schools and promoting cycling and walking.
a. Example of product in St Mary’s Bryanston Square Primary School in Westminster:
i. Installing and testing a new filtration system to reduce pollution inside the school. This is being delivered
with £20,000 in new funding from the Mayor and Westminster Council;
ii. Closure of roads at entrances to schools, increasing gardening, installing a ‘green wall’ around playground.
• £250,000 in funding to launch a new nursery audit program that will trial filtration systems to reduce indoor air
pollution at 20 of the most polluted nurseries in the most polluted areas.

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HOSPITALITY (HOTELS)
The “wellness” tourism industry has been estimated at over $639 billion (2017) with a
forecasted annual CAGR of 7.5% through 2022. Wellness hotel packages include amenities
and services such as yoga spaces, fitness centers, health spas, health seminars, and air
purification (source, Global Wellness Institute).
From a New York Times article on the topic: “[…]Beth McGroarty, research director for The
Global Wellness Institute, a nonprofit organization for the wellness industry. “Hotels are
combating [air quality concerns] by installing high-tech systems in some of their rooms that
improve the air their guests are breathing.” The quest for clean air is part of the growing
interest in wellness travel, Ms. McGroarty said.
In 2018 a wellness tourism association was founded in Colorado, with the stated aim of
creating standards, promoting advocacy, and aiding in networking in the industry. As of the
writing of this report, no notable mentions of air were found on the association website.

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SPECIALIZED COMPETITORS
PURE TM
Pure is a company that provides air purification along with an
assortment of hygiene devices - antimicrobial bedding and oils,
as well as sanitizing services. Pure specializes in hotel
purification, and has installed “pure rooms” in approximately 205
hotels across the United States (full list here):
• Notable partners include Crowne plaza, Embassy
suites hotels, Hilton, Hyatt, Marriott and the Ritz-
Carlton.
• Besides including a purification system, Pure
provides one time and repeat sanitation services of
rooms and machines.
• Hilton markets these rooms as allergy friendly
rooms. See a related brochure, and Hilton marks up
such rooms typically by 10$ per night.
• Crowne plaza doesn’t seem to market these rooms,
although they evidently have them.
• A number of articles (EG: hotelbusiness.com,
travelandleisure.com) discuss Pure rooms at Hyatt,
in some cases mentioned as specifically focused for
guests with allergy concerns, in others as “science-
fiction-scary clean room”, and the markup is noted to
be 20-30 dollars.
• In Hyatt websites the rooms are sometimes presented as
“Pure – Hypo-Allergenic Rooms”, and other times simply
as “PURE room”, depending on the specific hotel where
they are included.

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DELOS
Delos is a private research,
development and implementation firm
focused on improving health conditions
within built environments - specifically
air quality, sleep quality, personal
hygiene and aromatherapy. This
includes a line of Air filtration
systems. Delos has partnered with 9
hotels in the USA (and over 1000 rooms
worldwide) to provide a service the
brand “stay well rooms”. These
rooms provide, along with air
purification, a full “wellness program”:
• Included in this scheme are hotels
from the MGM, Lake Nona, Marriott
and Mirage chains.
• These rooms are marketed as a
complete wellness offering, with air
purification as only one, while
important, of many features.
Brochure. Website.
• According to AeraMax Delos air
filtration was developed in
partnership with them. Delos boasts
Deepak Chopra as a prominent board member.
• Four seasons Beverly Hills hotel in Los Angeles advertised their own wellness rooms as early as
2017, in partnership with Delos. However, given that these rooms are not presented on the Delos
website, and the Delos brand is not presented on the rooms’ webpage, it is possible that these are
now managed by Four Seasons themselves. In an article in 2018 the general manager at this hotel
was quoted in a Forbs article as saying “Our new wellness rooms and suites have proven to be very
successful”.

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NOTEWORTHY PARTNERSHIPS
INTERCONTINENTAL SAN FRANCISCO
Intercontinental San Francisco announced on the 23 of January 2019 plans to test out devices
from air purification company Molekule in 30 guest rooms of the 556-room four-star hotel. In a
four-month trial running until May, staff will monitor the system and participating guests can log
the details of their sleep and breathing experience before and after their stay. In the newsletter,
Molukule emphasize the damage that low air quality can do to sleep quality. Intercontinental is
Molekule’s first hotel partnership. No news about the results of the test have yet surfaced.
Published newsletter by Molekule
DYSON HOTELS (UK)
Dyson, a leading competitor in the realm of air purification, has
been in partnership with the London Rosewood hotel, suiting the
hotel with its numerous luxury products, including air purifiers
(case study). Since then, in 2017, Dyson has also fitted the Blue
Haven in Kinsale, Ireland, with its amenities. In fact, the
partnership was borne out of the needs of the Blue Haven hotel
to solve the air challenges arising from the building quality of the
older building in which it is founded. Dyson air purifiers have
also been spotted at the Taco Bell Hotel in Palm Springs, as
well as other places.
INHABIT (UK)
Inhabit is a hotel in Paddington, London, opened in 2007. Inhabit brands itself as a
“mindfulness hotel”. Along with health focused culinary offerings, aromatherapy and a general
“wellness” orientation. Since June 2019 the hotel has been boasting an air filtration system
provided by Airlabs. Airlabs focuses on filtration of outside air, still, the choice to publicize air
filtration as an element in a “mindfulness hotel” is noteworthy.

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EDUCATION AND NURSERIES
POLICY AND PROGRAMS
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency, a subsidiary of the OECD,
has published a guide for designers and planners in
refurbishing school buildings. This 2015 guide includes a full
subsection dedicated to ensuring good indoor air quality (page 110). Most of this
subsection is dedicated to filtration in ventilation systems, but a strong emphasis is put on the
significance of internal pollutants. The majority of offered solutions to internal pollutants are
comprised of recommendations regarding construction materials, furniture and cleaning, but
one paragraph is included regarding internal filtration, including the following warning:
“The effectiveness of a filter is specified in detail by a series of measurements depending upon the
characteristics of inflowing air: temperature and humidity, dust content and/or grain size, type and
structure of dust. Very coarse filters will cause dust to be propagated through the installation, harming
the equipment and causing discomfort. Over-specified filters will, pointlessly, increase heat loss
and, at the same time, increase fuel consumption by the fans to provide the same air flow rate. It
is, thus, necessary to select a compromise solution when designing the filter installation, so as
to ensure control of air quality with regard to particulates and bacteria, while avoiding energy-
hungry over-design.”

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USA
The American Lung Association
The ALA estimates 7 million school aged kids with asthma making asthma the leading cause
of school absenteeism due to chronic illness. 14 million school days are estimated to be lost
due to asthma exacerbated by poor indoor air quality in schools. Other sources estimate 22
million school days are lost each year due to colds, another 38 million from flu.
Washington State
In 2003 Washington State published a “School Indoor Air Quality Best Management Practices
Manual”. Of the 8 “basic strategies for good indoor air quality”, one is “filter the air”
(page 25). Although the specific section references HVAC systems, Air cleaning devices are
mentioned numerous times throughout the manual.
Missoula, Montana
In 2018 the Health Department of Missoula County, Montana, conducted a research into the
indoor air quality needs of students. The report was commissioned in response to longer,
hotter and drier summers leading to more numerous smoke events. The primary
recommendation is the installation of portable HEPA air cleaners – one for every classroom.
As of the publication of the report only 15.6% of schools were found to be equipped with air
cleaners. Report summary.
Manhattan Beach Unified School District
Manhattan Beach Unified School District published an Indoor Air Quality Management Plan in
April 2019, regarding indoor air quality to be “a critical component of providing a healthy and
comfortable learning environment”. The primary objective of the plan is to minimize indoor air
pollutants. While the plan primarily emphasizes cleaning, ventilation and review, it also
includes recommendations for the improvement of ventilation filters and the installation of
HVAC particle filters, as well as the instigation of an annual reviews of the IAQ program itself.
It is clear that this report is preliminary and open to revision.

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School Absenteeism
The estimations of school absentees due to asthma exacerbated by poor indoor air quality in
schools are high: by the Lung Assocition states that 6.3 M school kids miss 10M school days,
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states 14 M school days - Source
Chicago Public Schools
Chicago Public Schools installed “Blueair Pro M air purifier” to some classrooms. One of the
teachers said that students had a hard time completing tasks and concentrating due to poor air
quality. Source
South Coast, California
South Coast Air Quality Management District is a state air pollution agency responsible for the
south California air basin. The SCAQMD is heavily involved in air filtration and monitoring, and
has installed indoor air filtration systems in over 67 schools. It appears that so far the
SCAQMD works contractually with IQAir North America. It is noteworthy that IQair advances
itself into the schools market through the so called “IQair Foundation”, an advocacy program.
An in depth article on publicintegrity.org (a renowned nonprofit news organization) on the
subject from 2017 described parents from around the country clamoring for air filters and
cleaners, specifically in Los Angeles and Newark. The primary culprit according to this
article is proximity of schools to roads and ports.
Healthy Schools Campaign
• Healthy Schools Campaign is a nonprofit organization in the United States that wields a budget of
approximately $2.5 Million (financial statement) that advocates for structural health improvements in
Schools.
• Deals largely with recommending cleaning products.
• Support includes sponsorships from private corporations, including hygiene and energy technology
companies such as Ecolab, Orbio and Ecos pro, and others. It is notable that the top activities of the
Healthy Schools Campaign are recommending green products, along with advocacy and research.
• Considering that all air quality solutions offered by the aforementioned sponsors are in the form of
anti-bacterial liquids and cleaning it may not be coincidental that despite the organizations
extensive appreciation of indoor air quality, the recommended products page does not
include air filtration systems.
• A 2018 National Education Facilities Cleaning Survey, published by Healthy Schools Campaign and
ISSA – The world cleaning industry association, dealt extensively in the significance of clean air.
While the report demonstrated the use of air monitors, it only recommended cleaning, with no air
filtration.
• It is notable that there are no notable examples of air purification companies involved with the ISSA,
which boasts over 9,000 companies in its membership.

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UK
Mayor of London school air quality audit program
Full report
Recommendations include:
• Besides filter related recommendations, include: rearranging traffic, reducing traffic, increasing
greenery, improving ventilation, behavioral change
• Air filtration systems were
recommended for classrooms most
exposed to poor air quality. States:
“These systems are relatively high cost,
only cover a single room per unit, and do
require ongoing maintenance and power
consumption, but have demonstrated some
encouraging initial scientific evidence of
efficacy, with titanium dioxide proven to act
as a reducer for NOx and NO2, and some
claims it will eliminate 99.5% of NO2. They
can also assist with virus elimination/
reduction. However it should be noted that
their effectiveness will be reduced when
windows and doors are open, and these
systems will not impact on CO2 levels,
which are critical for learning – as high
CO2 means reduced learning and
attention, so some fresh air is going to be
needed…”
• The audit also specifically includes checks
if rooms in the school are already filtered,
especially kitchens.
The UK Education & Skills Funding Agency
The UK Education & Skills Funding Agency’s official Guidelines on ventilation, thermal comfort and indoor air
quality in schools States explicitly that filtration of air may be needed in order to provide for the Air Quality
Standards Regulation of 2010. To this end, the guideline provides a two-page specification of filtration
requirements. However, these requirements are specified only in relation to outside air quality.

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CASES
USA
Port of Long Beach
In 2017 the Port of Long Beach (a private corporation) announced it would be providing
~$750,000 in grants to fund nine air filtration projects, among them four schools, two children’s
clinics, a senior’s center, and a YMCA.
Jones County K-12 School
• Following the destruction sown by Hurricane Florence in 2018, a brand-new campus for the Jones
Senior High school, Jones County North Carolina, including additional facilities for Pre-K-5
education, was announced.
• The project was funded with an extra 29 Million USD funding from the state lottery, 5 Million USD
from the county, and 14 Million from “Firstfloor Energy Positive” (Architecture firm), which will be
administering the building for the first seven years of functioning.
• The structure, including the first new high school in the area in 50 years is deemed “state of the art”,
and is focused on energy efficiency and sustainability, expected to generate 70% more energy than
required for its own needs. This includes solar panels, geothermal wells, water filtration and a
dynamic air cleaner, probably HVAC. Open as of August 2019.
• This has been implemented following a report from 2017 that including criticism of aged ductwork.
Western Canada
According to their website, Dafco filtration group was commissioned (approximately in 2013) to
install air filtration in 200 schools in western Canada. However, these were HVAC filters, not
stand-alone units.

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Brandon-Evansville School
As of August 2019, air purification works budgeted at approx. $7.8 Million are being
conducted for both the Brandon and Evansville schools in the Minneapolis region of
Minnesota.
• Funded by the Brandon-Evansville school board, the works are scheduled to be completed during
summer 2020. Works will encompass 13,700 square feet (centimeters…) of classrooms, office,
kitchen and cafeteria space.
• The list of air quality improvement includes:
a. Demolition of the existing heating and ventilation system.
b. Installation of new hot water boilers with pumps, controls, piping and other equipment for a
complete system.
c. Installation of new air handling units that will provide heating, ventilation and dehumidification.
d. Installation of new digital temperature control system
e. Installation of new ceiling and lights after new duct work is installed.
f. Structural reinforcement for new air handling units.
g. The project was passed under state legislation for health and safety in educational facilities.
Report
Celebrities Who Own Air Purifiers
There are a few known instances of celebrities and public figures using air purifiers, such as
Khloe Kardashian and Queen Elizabeth II.

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UK
Consciousness of air quality in schools of London has seen a significant rise over the past few
years. Symptoms of this include parent’s crowdfunding for mobile air purifiers. An example of
such a campaign can be seen on this website, which is dedicated to collecting donations to
install air purification units at St Mary’s Catholic Primary School in Chiswick, UK. Another
example – International Montessori School in Stanley has successfully collected and installed -
webpage.
Notting Hill Prep School
In 2017 IQAir was commissioned to install air purification systems in the London Notting Hill
Prep school. The installation was conducted via a local dealer (Allergy Cosmos). The school
commissioned a number of IQAir CleanZone SLS filters (Article). This case has garnered
notable attention in the media.
Figure 4: Reported results from Notting Hill prep school

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Goose Green Primary And Nursery School
The Goose Green Primay and Nursery School, London, has installed air purification units in
each classroom of the school. These were funded in part by the local council – the southwark
council.
On September 2018 Southwark council declared a fund of 2.68 million pounds for environment
related issues, including the funding of air purification units in schools and nurseries. In this
context a starter grant of 4500 pounds has been given to at least five nurseries. The project is
within the context of a larger London plan to improve air quality in nurseries. Article.
Edgbaston Nurseries
Environment director Mark Bird reports that passive air filtering UV equipment, which absorbs
and kills bacteria in the air, was installed in nurseries in Edgbaston, just outside of
Birmingham city Centre. Source

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NOTABLE COMPETITORS
IQAir (Swizerland)
IQAir, a notable competitor with a significant web presence, and
partnerships with the South Coast Air Quality Management District, California,
as well as a notable installation project in a school in Notting Hill, London, also has a webpage
dedicated to air quality in schools, claiming to have extensive experience in the field. One of
the ways in which IQAir promotes its penetration into this field is through the IQAir foundation –
primarily an advocacy arm.
Blueair (Sweden)
Swedish company BlueAir has been involved in measuring pollution levels
in at least 10 British schools. Blueair has also donated air purifying unites for classrooms
(report). According to the Guardian newspaper, at least 10 British schools have installed air
purifying units (as of November 2018). Christopher hatton primary school, a school in Holborn
is one of those. However, it is unclear if all 10 schools were equipped with units by blueair.
Lakeair (USA)
LakeAir is an American air filtration company. The company has a
special offer for schools in which it offers a 30 day free trial for any
school to try out their air purifiers. The offer involves either
installation by the company or shipment with instruction, along with
literature on the value of clean air. According to the company website the program has been
on high demand, and therefore not every request for a trial is fulfilled. Although LakeAir
advertises in the offer a specific air purifier for classrooms, no evidence has been found that
such a specific product exists.

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AeraMax
In response to repertory complaints from
school staff throughout Clarke County,
Georgia, in 2016 the Clarke county
school commissioned the installation of
air filtration units from AeraMax
(marketing article on installation). As of
January 2019, Clarke County School
District payed $99000 For filter
replacement to Gee Heating and Air Inc..
Aeramax has also installed air filtration
systems in:
• school district 181, Illinois (9 campuses)
• Southwest Chicago Christian schools (3 campuses)
• Clarke County, Georgia (24 buildings)
• Centennial college, Ontario
• YWCA Jean Steckle Childcare Centre, Ontairo
AeraMax has published case studies for each of these, available here.
Surgically Clean Air
Is a small Air Filtration company from Middleton Massachusetts. The company has a dedicated
webpage for education (schools brochure) and children (brochure), where they boast of
installing air purification units in the classrooms of Ryerson University, Canada, and at
Treasure Moments Day Care Center in Toronto, Canada.

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HOSPITALS AND CLINICS
“Hospital grade” is a commonly used term in the marketing of air filters to denote a high level of
efficiency. As will be delineated further, most hospitals use HVAC systems for air filtration, with
HEPA and standalone units only functioning to fill in gaps, such as in cases of construction, or
heightened use. However, there are some indications of an increase in the use of standalone
units. Various practices in hospitals have a hazardous effect on air quality, including surgical
smoke (source), as well as practices to do with dentistry.
Nonprofit and children’s hospitals seem to be increasingly recommending the use of portable
HEPA filters to families. Examples include:
• Nicklaus Children’s Hospital recommends the use of HEPA filters. Webpage
• The Children’s hospital at Richmond Virginia. Webpage
• Spectrum Health Lakeland. A non-profit, community-owned health system serving southwest
Michigan and northern Indiana, Webpage

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GUIDELINES
CDC
The CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provides a set of guidelines for
Environmental infection control in Health-Care Facilities - dating to 2003. It does not appear
that the use of HEPA filters is obligatory, but it is strongly recommended. HEPA filters are
regarded as high standard but expensive. Portable units are also specifically mentioned,
primarily as useful while HVAC systems are undergoing repairs, and are said to not satisfy
fresh-air requirements. Full guideline.
ASHRAE
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), a
global organization with over 57,000 members, published guidelines in 2014 for air filtration in
Healthcare facilities. The guideline is cited by numerous sources, including the American
Hospital Association and the National Air Filtration Association, and seems to have
considerable stature. Guideline download link.

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Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
A division of The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (federal)
published a 2003 guideline for environmental infection control in health-care Facilities. The
third instruction of this guideline for the first topic of “Air-Handling systems in Health-Care
Facilities” is the use of portable, industrial-grade HEPA filters. The first two recommendations
are the use of AIA guidelines with regards to ventilation and construction, and monitoring of
ventilation systems. The guideline further delineates the use of HEPA filters in different
sections of medical facilities, including PE, AII and Operation rooms. Full guideline.
Minimum Design Standards for Health Care Facilities
According to The Minimum Design Standards for Health Care Facilities in Michigan (2002)
emergency departments are required to provide at least one negative pressure airborne
infection isolation room. A Michigan Department of Licensing & regulatory Affairs guideline
from 2004 states that healthcare facilities that do not already have such a room should use
HEPA filter unites as an interim measure. The guideline further delineates the specific way in
which these portable air filtration units should be installed. Guideline.

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NOTABLE COMPETITORS
IQAir
has a webpage dedicated to Air filtration for
Hospitals where various needs of hospital
departments are described and a number of
health branded products are presented.
• Numerous vendor websites claim IQ air systems
are used in numerous global leading Hospitals,
though this is unconfirmed. Example of such a list.
• These websites often seem less than reliable and
it’s unclear if this is strategy on the part of IQ air.
NQ Industries
NQ industries is a major American government supplier of
mechanical equipment, including air purification. According to
their website they have donated 500 units to the Lamb Foggo
Urgent Care Centre Bermuda Hospitals, and have installed
air filtration systems at:
• Bermuda hospital,
• Mt Sini Hospital in Toronto,
• North Shore Hospital
Surgically Clean Air
Surgically Clean Air present an extensive list of testimonials
and examples of customers in the medical field, among
these 18 private Dental clinics, as well as large
establishments such as:
• University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit MI
• Tufts University, Medford, USA
• William Osler Hospital, Toronto Canada
• Toronto Institute for Dental Excellence, Toronto, Canada
• El-Diente Dental Laboratory, Mississauga, Canada
• Toronto General Hospital, Canada
• Central Park West Pediatric Dentistry, New York City
• Renaissance Cosmetic Arts, Vancouver, Canada

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Airgle
Airgle, an American company, brands its AG900 “clean room” air
purifier as specifically engineered for airborne infection control at
hospitals.
Camfil
Camfil, a major American company prominently presents a
number of webpages on the topic of health facilities,
focusing specifically on IVF labs, dental offices and
operating rooms.
• While the primary products presented for these purposes
are ventilation filters, portable air cleaners are offered as
auxiliary units, stating:
• “Some hospitals even apply HEPA filtration as an
additional stage, an impressive investment to protect their
employees and patients”.
• In a 2019 company blog post, the company cites a
research according which most London hospitals and
clinics exceed air pollution legal limits.
Figure 5 - pollution levels near London hospitals

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AeraMax
AeraMax has a dedicated webpage for hospitals
and clinics where they attempt to persuade
potential customers that air filtration is a must in
their establishments. AeraMax also boast a number of testimonials including:
• Evergreen health services, a health center for destitute and poor population, where the air filtration
systems were installed primarily in order to improve the conditions for staff.
• Centennial College medical labs where the systems were installed to deal with strong and potentially
unhealthy odors.
• Keating Dental Lab, Urbine California. This is a lab for the production of prosthetic teeth, which fill
the air with dust as they are being molded.
• It’s worth mentioning that AeraMax has also installed units throughout a hospital in Beijing, as the
city has become polluted. Case study brochure.
Webpage includes case study examples.
RGF environmental Group Inc.
RGF, a Florida company, presents a webpage
dedicated to “biocontrols” and other products for hospitals and healthcare, where they claim
their stand-alone systems are perfect for saving the expense of HVAC renovations. They also
present products for room pressure monitoring, isolation and more.
• RGF boast testimonials from a number of Animal Hospitals, including Belvedere Animal Hospital in
Georgia and Tsawwassen Animal Hospital in Canada. Both had problems of bad odors prior to the
installation of the systems.
• The company also presents an anonymous testimonial about the installation of air purifiers in a
hospital in panama. Website.
AllerAir
• Modernalchemyair.com, an air purification vendor,
presents a testimonial from “a major Ontario Hospital”,
regarding the purchase of 5 AllerAir AirMedic Pro 5 Ultra
Vocarb UV air purifiers, mentioning the advantages in
cutting the offensive chlorine smells that arises from wet wipes.
• The same website also claims that AllerAir serves the Mayo Clinic (a massive nonprofic academic
medical organization with a staff of over 58,400 people), John Hopkins University, UCLA Medical
Center and more. Numerous other vendors express the same testimonies about AllerAir’s customer
base, though no relevant press releases have been found.

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CASES
St. Luke’s Hospital in Allentown, PA
In a partnership with LifeAire Systems St. Luke’s Hospital in Allentown started a trial of air
purification systems in 2017 in their fertility clinics, after publishing data that showed purified air
can improve in vitro fertilization success rates. The hospital installed the systems in a new
wing, and planned to expand the project if success was high. No news has surfaced since
then. Article.
Providence Holy cross Medical Center
Providence Holy cross Medical Center, near Los Angeles, has been lined with HEPA filters
since 2008. According to the US Climate Resilience Toolkit, a federally backed website, HEPA
particle filters played a major role in allowing the hospital to stay open and operational through
two major California wildfires.

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ELDERCARE
Mentions of air purification coinciding with the elderly have been found to be sparse. This may
have to do with nursing homes being generally discreet operations in small scales, a certain
discursion in general in the discussion of senior health, or some other reason.
• Here are a number of articles that have specifically mentioned the elderly as those who can make
good use of air purification. CNN (2019), Review of Blueair Sense+ on WIRED, Cleveland Clinic,
UK magazine, marketing article on “air purifiers essentials”, “how to home”, Christian Healthcare
Ministries Review.
• Additionally, numerous air filtration vendors mention seniors in their publications. Including:
NuvoMed, BirdAir, HomeAirPurifier.co.uk, Aeroloft, Searshomeservices, Honeywell Smart Homes,
Purecleanair.com, Air-Serenity, Brondell, Airgle.com, VFS Solutions.
• TechEldercare.com refers to a list of purifiers “recommended for the elderly”. And have published an
article on the matter.
• Some reports have surfaced about seniors being abused with undue or misunderstood charges for
the installation of air purification units. Article on CBC regarding a case in London, accusing
FreshAir.
CASES
Applewood
Applewood is a nursing home chain in Denver Colorado encompassing five different homes.
While there is no evidence in their website that their homes are fitted with air purification
systems, they have published an article on their website strongly recommending the use of air
purifiers by seniors.
Fayetteville Nursing Home
A nursing home in North Carolina by the name of Fayetteville Nursing Home has installed a
number of AllerAir’s 5000 Exec UV units. Promotional article.

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Missoula County Health Department
In 2018, the aforementioned Missoula County Health Department has launched a pilot
program with Climate Smart to get HEPA air filters to homebound seniors ahead of fire
season. Article on NPR.
Air Purifiers in Care Homes
Ashland Senior Center: Ashland Senior Center - A local nonprofit organization has started
assessing the air inside the homes of seniors and providing air purifiers in the case of smoke
events. In addition they started to notice the benefit of air purifier inside the center.

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Nonprofit
Rebuilding Together
Rebuilding Together is a nationwide American not-for profit dedicated to improvements in
construction conditions for those in need. In 2019 the Rogue Valley, Oregon chapter of the
organization started a pilot program entitled “smoke busters”, aiming to install particle
filtration in the homes of seniors.
• To qualify for the program seniors must suffer from a repertory or related illness, be older than 60,
and have a relatively low income. The organization aims to assess air conditions in the homes of
approximately 50 homes in 2019. So far, the organization has installed an air purification system in
Ashland Senior Center, Oregon – a project conducted in cooperation with Ashland Parks Foundation
and has been dubbed a success and demand for purifiers in the area is on the rise. Article.
• The project was started in response
to increased cases of wildlife-created
smoke from nearby forests,
specifically in southern Oregon.
Apparently, this topic was discussed at
the national conference of Rebuilding
Together. Project webpage.
• While it is not specified which air
purification product is in use, they are
said to cost 250$ per unit and can clean
a 350-450 square foot room. It is stated
that they use the Temptop hand-held air
quality detector for evaluations. The
organization deputy director has
recommended to those who wish to
install cheap purifiers for themselves to
purchase the Levoit 360 for 80$.
Figure 6 - map of the wildfire smoke hazard around Oregon

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CASES INDEX AND DETAILS
Category Location Date
Product
company
Client/Beneficiary Scope Summary
Hospitality USA > wide
2018, Nov and
hence
Pure Pure Wellness
205 hotel rooms in
numerous hotels (approx)
Company specializing in hotel room purification
and anti-allergen treatment
Hospitality
USA > CA >
San Francisco
2019, Jan Molekule Intercontinental Hotel 30 Guest rooms Four start hotel in San Francisco
Hospitality
USA > CA >
Beverly Hills
Los Angeles
2017 (Approx) Pure Four seasons Hotel
One hotel, a number of
rooms
Offshoot from Pure Wellness project
Hospitality
USA > CA >
Palm Springs
2019, Aug
(Approx)
Dyson Taco Bell Hotel
One hotel, a number of
rooms
Standalone Dyson units in hotel rooms
Hospitality
USA > wide
(and world)
2012, Oct and
hence
AeraMax DELOS “stay well”
9 Hotels in USA & Approx
1000 rooms worldwide
Various wellness solutions in design and real
estate
Hospitality
UK > London
> Padington
2019 Airlabs The Inhabit Hotel One hotel, all rooms
"First British hotel to guarantee its guests clean
air"
Hospitality
UK > London
> Rosewood
2017 Dyson London Rosewood Hotel One hotel, all rooms
Luxury five start hotel, fully suited with multiple
Dyson products
Hospitality
Ireland >
Kinsale
2017 Dyson The Blue Haven One hotel, all rooms
Old building was causing air quality problems,
fully suited with multiple Dyson products
Childcare
USA > Los
Angeles >
South Coast
2015 IQAir
South Coast Air Quality
Management District
Over 67 schools
Regional project to solve pollution problems
from harbors and highways
Childcare
USA >
Chicago
*** Bluair Chicago Public Schools a few classrooms
Installed “Blueair Pro M air purifier”
to some classrooms.
Childcare
USA >
Montana
2018 Climate Smart
Daycares and Pre-
Schools in Montana
Numerous institutes
Built a cache of portable HEPA air
cleaners, many of which we lent or
donated to daycares and pre-schools.
Childcare UK > London 2019, Jan London Mayor five nurseries
Air filtration unit subsidies as part of city wide
project to combat pollution in childcare facilities
Childcare
UK > London
> Islington
2019, Jun Radic8
Hugh Myddelton Primary
School
One school, every
classrom
Philanthropic project by corperation
Childcare
UK > London
> Southwark
2019, Jun
Southwark council and
London Mayor
33 schools
Suburban project under the auspicies of city
wide project to combat pollution in childcare
facilities
Childcare
UK > London
> Redbridge
2019, March
Newbury Park's William
Torbitt
Two Schools
Two Redbridge schools awarded £10,000
each to tackle air pollution
Childcare
UK > London
> Notting Hill
2018, May IQAir
Notting Hill Preparatory
(NHP) school
One school, at least three
reception classrooms
Prep school has spent tens of thousands on
filters, plans to install similar systems in an at
least six more classrooms
Childcare
UK > London
> Rotherhithe
***
Rotherhithe primary
school
small scale
School Launched a fundraising campaign to
address air pollution which includes buying face
masks for pupils.
Healthcare
USA >
Allentown
2018, Dec
LifeAire
Systems
St. Luke’s Hospital One clinic
A trial of air purification systems in the fertility
clinics.
Healthcare
USA >
Tennessee
***
Med Air
Solutions
The Med Stay One clinic Medical housing for organ transplant patients
Healthcare
USA >
Providence
2008
Holy cross Medical
Center
One hospital
"HEPA particle filters allowed hospital to stay
open and operational through two major
California wildfires."
Eldercare USA > Oregon 2019, Aug IQAir
Rebuilding Together
Oregon
One senior center and
numerous homes
Philanthropic project to protect elders in need
from wildfire smoke
Eldercare
USA > North
Carolina
*** AllerAir
Fayetteville Nursing
Home
One nursing home, a
number of units
Nursing home installed a number of air
purificatino units

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39
This project was completed in September 2019
for
AURA AIR Inc.

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