Six Myths about Ontologies: The Basics of Formal Ontology
Conoscerehyperledger
1. 1
Tutto quello che ho conosco….o quasi
Daniela Zuppini
https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniela-zuppini/
2. 2
BLOCKCHAIN
• Consente transazioni P2P su un’infrastruttura decentralizzata
• Stabilisce “Trust” tra Peer sconosciuti
• Memorizza le transazioni su un Ledger distribuito e immutabile
3. 3
Bitcoin come esempio di Blockchain
Bitcoin e’ un P2P payment system Public e Permissionless
blockexplorer.com
4. Car Leasing Business Network with Blockchain
node
1. Manufacturer
2. Dealer
3. Leasing
Company
4. Lessee
5. Scrap Merchant
Regulator
Shared Ledger Smart
Contracts
node
nodenode
node node
Conditions for
asset transfer
Records of
asset transfer
5. 5
B2B e B2C e Blockchain
Nel mondo Enterprise sono mandatori:
! Privacy
! Confidentiality
! Solo accesso autorizzato
Permissioned Blockchain
7. Evoluzione di Hyperledger
Il progetto Linux Foundation con il piu’ rapido tasso di crescita e adesioni
Governing board members
Feb. 2016
Governing board Members
Sett. 2018
Hyperledger Members
Feb. 2016
Hyperledger Members.
Sett. 2018
Incubation projects
Feb. 2016
Incubation projects
Sett. 2018
2
21
30
200
2
10
8.
9. Due Progetti Iniziali
Proposto da IBM
GA Luglio 2017 v1.0
Modulare
Pluggable consenso e Membership
Service
Confidential Trx
Proposto da Intel
GA Febbraio 2018 v1.0
Modulare e versatile
Tutti i nodi hanno le stesse informazioni
Permissioned/Permissionless
Adapter per integrarsi con altre trx logic
Consenso adattabile alla dimensione della rete
https://www.hyperledger.org/blog/2016/11/02/meet-sawtooth-lake
12. 12
Differenze tra Hyperledger - Bitcoin e Ethereum
Blockchain solo per Cryptocurrency
3 tipi di Blockchain
Bitcoin
Blockchain solo per Cryptocurrency
+ Business Logic Ethereum
Blockchain solo per Business Logic Hyperledger
13. 13
Bitcoin Ethereum Hyperledger
cryptocurrency Si Si No
Permissioned No No/Si Si*
Pseudo-anonima Si No No
Auditabile Si Si Si
Ledger Immutabile Si Si Si
Modulare No No Si
Smart Contract No Si Si
Protocollo Consensus PoW PoW/PoS Vari
Differenze tra Hyperledger - Bitcoin e Ethereum
14. Pubblica Consorzio
Amministratori 0 Previsto
Permesso No (possibili utenti malicious) Si (solo trusted user)
Gestione Identita’ No Necessaria
Confidenzialita’ Bassa Alta
Algoritmi di
Consenso
Non Flessibile Flessibilita’ (pluggable)
Validatori Tutti Nodi Specializzati
Creazione Blocco 7 tps / 15 tps from 140 tps to 2250 tps*
Esempi Bitcoin/Ethereum(anche
permissioned)
Ripple,Eris,Hyperledger
* https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.11390.pdf
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Differenze tra Hyperledger - Bitcoin e Ethereum
1.No cryptocurrency ma solo Business Logic
2.Permissioned quidi adatta a B2B e B2C
3.“Mining” solo da Peer Specializzati
4.Modello della Business Network
16. 16
Differenze tra Blockchain - Database
1.Update e Write non sono possibili. E’ disponibile il Write Once
2.Non c’e’ Admin per operazioni di edit/delete sui dati
3.RDBMS sono disegnati come applicazioni centralizzate
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Perche’ ?
Only an Open Source, collaborative software
development approach can ensure the transparency,
longevity, interoperability and support required to bring
blockchain technologies forward to mainstream
commercial adoption
https://www.hyperledger.org/about
18. 18
– Identifying a good blockchain use-case is not always easy!
– However there should always be:
What makes a good blockchain use case?
1. A business problem to be solved
• That cannot be solved with more mature technologies
2. An identifiable business network
• With Participants, Assets and Transactions
3. A need for trust
• Consensus, Immutability, Finality or Provenance
19. 19
Blockchain – non sempre . . .
NEGATIVO
1. Numero elevato di trx/sec
2. Processo prevede grandi quantita’ di dati statici
3. Le regole delle transazioni cambiano frequentemente
4. Dati confidenziali
5. Uso di servizi esterni per ottenere/memorizzare i dati
6. Non e’ un database replacement
7. Non e’ una messaging solution
22. 22
Hyperledger Fabric: Distributed Ledger Platform
– An implementation of blockchain technology that is
a foundation for developing blockchain applications
– Emphasis on ledger, smart contracts, consensus,
confidentiality, resiliency and scalability.
– V1.0 released July 2017
– 159 developers from 27 organizations
– IBM is one contributor of code, IP and
development effort to Hyperledger Fabric
http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/
23. 23
Hyperledger Fabric Model
Fabric implementa un Distributed Ledger e una
Permissioned Network.
• Asset definition per poter scambiare qualsiasi oggetto
con un valore monetizzabile
• Chaincode eseguito separatamente da ordering service per ottimizzare
uso networking e ridurre il livello di trust
• Segregated network con i Channel alti livelli di privacy e confidentiality su
una rete comune
• Ledger contiene tutta la storia delle transazioni per ogni Channel e include SQL
like per auditing a risoluzione delle dispute
• Servizi di sicurezza e membership trusted network dove tutte le
transazioni possono essere rilevate e tracciate da auditor e regulator autorizzati
• Consensus Pluggable consensue per definire agreement sul blocco di
transazioni da aggiungere
24. 24
Elementi della Blockchain Hyperledger
Immagine da https://www.coursera.org/learn/blockchain-platforms/home/welcome
25. 25
Hyperledger Fabric V1 Architecture
O
O O
O
Ordering Service
Client
Application
SDK
(HFC)
Membership
Services
Provider
Peer
Endorser
Ledger
Committer
A
Chaincode B
!Events
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A Ledger often consists of two data structures
• Blockchain
• A linked list of blocks
• Each block describes a set of transactions
(e.g. the inputs to a smart contract invocation)
• Immutable – blocks cannot be tampered
• World State
• An ordinary database (e.g. key/value store)
• Stores the combined outputs of all transactions
• Not usually immutableWorld state
block
txn txn txn
Blockchain
30. 30
Consortium Network
An example consortium network of 3 organisations
• Orgs 1 and 3 run peers
• Org 2 provides the ordering service only
OO
O O
Org1 Org3Org2
Hyperledger Fabric Network
E
E
Z
Y
E
A
B
E
User User
Admin
Admin
Admin
Y
Z
A
B
32. 32
Hyperledger Composer: Accelerating time to value
Business Application
Hyperledger Composer
Blockchain (Hyperledger Fabric)
– A suite of high level application abstractions for business networks
– Emphasis on business-centric vocabulary for quick solution creation
– Reduce risk, and increase understanding and flexibility
– Features
– Model your business networks, test and expose via APIs
– Applications invoke APIs transactions to interact with business network
– Integrate existing systems of record using loopback/REST
– Fully open and part of Linux Foundation Hyperledger
– Try it in your web browser now: http://composer-playground.mybluemix.net/
https://hyperledger.github.io/composer/
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Con Hyperledger Composer Modeling Language
Definisco Asset, Partecipant, Transaction in un .cto file
Le transazioni scritte in Javascript sono in un .js file
Le Control Rule sono definite in .acl file
Con Hyperledger Composer Tool
Creo un package con la ready to deploy Business Network Archive in un .bna file
Con Hyperledger Composer Playground Tool
Interagisco con la Business Network creata
Con Hyperledger Composer Rest Server Tool
Espongo le API delle transazioni create
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Introducing the IBM Blockchain Platform
Hyperledger Composer
DeveloperTools
IBM Cloud
OperationalTools
GovernanceTools
Blockchain application
Hyperledger Fabric
IBM Blockchain Platform is a fully integrated enterprise-
ready blockchain platform designed to accelerate the
development, governance, and operation of a multi-
institution business network
– Developer tools that make use of Hyperledger
Composer to quickly build your blockchain application
– Hyperledger Fabric provides the ledger, which is
managed through a set of intuitive operational tools
– Governance tools for democratic management of
the business network
– Flexible deployment options, including a highly
secure and performant IBM Cloud environment
http://ibm.biz/Platform_Demo
