The document discusses Guarantee of Origin (GO) certificates and the role of the Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB). It summarizes that GO certificates guarantee the source of electricity production, the AIB governs European GO standards and facilitates transfers between registries, and demand for GOs is increasing from corporations and consumers seeking renewable energy sources.

1. Guarantee of Origin (GO) System
- Energy Attribute Certificates
WESC 2019, Cork
Laura Plunkett, Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB)

2. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Introduction
• What is a Guarantee of Origin (GO) - or energy attribute certificate?
• The role of the GO System
• What is the legal framework for GOs and Disclosure and how it is
changing
• What is the role of Association of Issuing Bodies ?
• How has demand and supply in the GO market changed?

3. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Role of the GO System

4. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
GO facts
• An electronic certificate, standard size of 1 MWh
• Issued on request of the producer based on validated meter
readings
• Guarantees that electricity has been produced by a specific energy
source
• Sole purpose of GOs is for use in Fuel Mix Disclosure

5. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
European Framework
Internal Electricity
Markets Directive
Energy
source
disclosure
Renewable Energy
Directive
Renewable GOs,
High Efficient Cogeneration GOs
Fuel mix used &
Environmental Impact
on your electricity bill or
promotional materials

6. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Association of Issuing Bodies
• Not-for-profit, AiSBL under Belgian Law
• 20 countries connected (23 members)
• All of AIB’s members are competent bodies for GOs
• About half AIB’s members are also competent bodies for Disclosure
• 30% annual RES production in EU, EEA, Energy Community (+ CH)

7. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Status of AIB membership in Europe
Note: Since the presentation for WESC on the
19/06/2019 this map has been slightly updated for
latest status.

8. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Type of Member
Note: Since the presentation for WESC on the
19/06/2019 this map has been slightly
updated for latest status.
Regulators ………….. 8 …AT, BE (Fed, B, F, W), ES, LU, SI
TSOs ……………………. 9 …CH, CY, DK, EE, FI, IS, LT, NL, NO
Market operators … 4 …CZ, FR, HR, IE
Other ………………….. 3 ...DE, IT, SE
Applicants …………… 3 …GR, RS, PT, SK
In discussion ………. 9 …BA, HU, LV, ME, PL, TK, UK, XK

9. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Role of AIB
• Initiator and Governor of EECS
• European Standard for Guarantees of Origin (GOs)
• Maintain the HUB
• For secure GO transfer between registries
• Support Stakeholders
• consumers, markets, governments, EC
AIB
Hub
Registry
Registry
Registry

10. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Role of AIB
• Why? So consumers can…
• Choose based upon the origin of their electricity
• Trust that electricity tracking works and does not lead to double-
counting or double disclosure
• Take responsibility for their impact on the environment and are
able to influence the energy transition

11. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Trends in the (EECS) GO Market
Graph based on stats available on 13th
May 2019

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Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
What was produced, and what did consumers buy (2017)
Graph based on stats published in the AIB 2017
Annual Report. The 2018 Annual Report is pending
publication but will be available on:
https://www.aib-net.org/news-events/annual-
reports

13. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Where do EECS-GOs get issued, and go to?
Graph based on stats published in the AIB 2017 Annual
Report. The 2018 Annual Report is pending publication
but will be available on: https://www.aib-net.org/news-
events/annual-reports

14. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Demand Evolutions in the GO Market
• Main Drivers? Corporate Power Purchase Agreements (cPPAs)
Corporate Social Responsibility
• Other contributors:
• Electrification (EVs) - Blockchain
• Bitcoin (mining) - Data centers
(equivalent of Polish annual use)
Carbon Footprinting

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Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Changing Supply in the GO Market
• Rising?
• No…
• Why not?
• Some new (supported) renewable production does not get GOs
• GO schemes still voluntary in some countries
• cPPAs technically prevent GOs from coming to the ordinary
market
• Environmental factors e.g. lower hydro and wind output in
summer 2018, hot and dry even in Norway!)
• Some change on the horizon?
• Yes auctioning supported GOs e.g France

16. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Recent Developments in the GO Market
• Informed Consumers = More discerning
• Interested in:
• Local production
• New builds
• Particular sources
• Solar
• Wind
• Hydro
• ….
• Unsupported production
• Some….a combination of all of the above

17. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
The Result…Changing GO Prices
• In 2018
• Swiss Hydro between 3-4 CHF/MWh
• Dutch wind above 8 €/MWh
• Nordic Hydro (considered the benchmark in the GO market)
reached an all time high of 1.96 €/MWh
AIB has no involvement with GO pricing, sample pricing
statistics above were taken from sources such as Montel
news and Greenfact.

18. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
European Framework Change
Internal Electricity
Markets Directive
2019/944
Energy
source
disclosure
Renewable Energy
Directive II
2018/2001
Extended from
Renewable,
High Efficient Cogeneration, to
Heating or Cooling, Hydrogen and
Renewable Gas
GOs
Fuel mix used &
Environmental Impact
on your electricity bill
or promotional
materials

19. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
What the AIB aspirations for RED II were
Outlined in our Reflection Paper :
1. Disclose all Electricity Consumption with GOs
2. CO2 to be a part of an Electricity Disclosure System with GOs
3. GOs and Disclosure in a consistent legislative framework
4. Harmonization of Disclosure Rules

20. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
“Clean Energy for all Europeans”: The good news
• Shall use GOs for disclosure
• Expired GOs contribute to residual mix
• Extension to biogases
• and now including hydrogen
• Simplified info on GOs for small production devices < 50 kW
• Allows purchases direct from producers
• One GO for RES fired HEC
GOs
Old GOs
Mix
GOs

21. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
• States GOs have a life span of 12 months
• but allows latest 18 months after production before expiry?
• Shall comply with CEN (EN 16235) GO standard
• Extending GOs to non renewable sources was left optional:
residual mix still needed
• May implement minimum capacity limit for GOs
“Clean Energy for all Europeans”: The not so good
news

22. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
“Clean Energy for all Europeans”: Things to monitor
• GOs for supported RES can be auctioned to avoid
overcompensation
• Are alternatives provided for?
• Yes….where support takes into account all revenue streams
• The union wide green label to promote use of energy from new
installations?
• Recognition of GOs from 3rd countries
EC notice to stakeholders of 7 March 2018

23. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Core objectives of the GO system
• AIB together with Competent Bodies ensure GOs are
• Accurate
• Reliable
• Fraud Resistant

24. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Making the GO system Fraud Resistant
• Situation
• Recent spike in applicants to access GO registries
• Alleged intention to commit VAT fraud
• What are AIB doing?
• Collaborating actively with national and international authorities
• Welcome anti-fraud measure
• Recently UK authorities apply VAT reverse charge to all supplies
of renewable energy certificates

25. AIB copyright © 2019. We reserve the rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.
The AIB is a non-profit-making international association.
Why is the GO system important?
• Why?
• Transparent information from
GOs
• Means suppliers can inform
consumers
• And consumers can choose!
• A rising demand for electricity from renewable sources will contribute
to more production - It’s basic economics!

26. AIB Secretariat
23 Station Road, Gerrards Cross,
Bucks SL9 8ES, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 1494 681183
Email: secgen@aib-net.org
Website: www.aib-net.org
AIB – Guaranteeing the origin of European Energy
Laura Plunkett, AIB