Kidney stone is a hard mass of minerals, salts that forms in the kidney. Kidney stone forms when urine output decreases and minerals in become abundant. Know about the types of kidney stone & its diet, diagnostic tests, treatments, etc.

1. Kidney Stone Diet:
Foods To Eat & Avoid

2. INTRODUCTION - KIDNEY STONE
● Kidney stone is a hard mass of minerals, salts that forms in the
kidney.
● It is also called Nephrolithiasis or urinary stones.
● Kidney stone forms when urine output decreases and minerals in
become abundant.
● Some of that minerals are calcium, oxalate and uric acid.
● These minerals are produced by certain foods and drinks that we
intake.
● The stone comes in several types and shapes.
● If the stones grow to sufficient size they can block the ureter.

3. Types Of Kidney Stone
Mainly there are 5 types of kidney stones.
● Calcium Oxalate Stone
● Calcium Phosphate Stone
● Struvite Stone
● Uric Acid Stone
● Cystine Stone

4. 1) Calcium Oxalate Stone
● This type of stone is common in most of the people.
● It forms when calcium in urine combines with a chemical called
oxalate mainly found in our daily food.
● Most of the plants & leaves that we eat has oxalate. Some foods
have oxalate in large amount.
● We can reduce risk of kidney stone by reducing foods contains
high amount of oxalate & sodium.
● Spinach, cashew, almond, baked potatoes, cocoa powder,
strawberries, raspberries, sweet potatoes, beets, salt, packaged
meets, canned foods, fast foods, etc.
● If you eat these foods, then balance it with calcium contained food
items like milk, cheese, yogurt, etc. So that calcium can help to
handle oxalate without forming kidney stone.

5. 2) Calcium Phosphate Stone
● Stone forms when the calcium in urine combines with phosphorus.
● We can prevent it by reducing the amount of sodium intake.
● Limit the use of high sodium contained canned food, packaged
food, fast foods, etc.
● Eating animal protein increase the chance of calcium phosphate
stone.
● It includes beef, chicken, pork, egg, fish, shellfish, milk, cheese
and other dairy products.
● You can replace these animal protein with high protein contained
items like, beans, dried peas, peanuts, soy food, almond, cashew,
walnut, etc.
● Get enough calcium contained foods.

6. 3) Struvite Stone
● Stones are formed when the minerals like calcium & phosphate
crystalize inside the kidney are stick together.
● Struvite is the mineral produced by bacteria in the urinary tract.
● Struvite stones can grow quickly, block the kidney, ureter, urinary
bladder and damages the kidneys.
● Here dieting is not effective because struvite stones occurs by the
infection.
● But the use of some drinks like coffee, tea, orange juice can
increase the risk of stone.

7. 4) Uric Acid Stone
● This stone contains uric acid that breaks the chemicals in food.
● The uric acid stone forms if the urine is too acidic.
● Unlike calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate stones, sodium is not
the main cause of uric acid stone.
● Animal protein : Too much of eating beef, chicken, eggs, shellfish
will increase the risk of uric acid stone as these food items contain
uric acid.
● Sugary drinks : These drinks has high citrate amount that maintain
kidney stone.
● Alcohol : It causes uric acid high in the blood.

8. 5) Cystine Stone
● The main cause of cystine stone is family hereditary.
● It is an inherited disorder of the transport of amino acid called
cystine (a building block of protein).
● Cystine stones forms by the excess production of cystine in urine.
● Drinking too little water: Drinking lot of water helps to reduce the
formation of cystine.
● Too much of acid: Excess of acid in urine causes cystine stones.
Eat good amount of fruits & vegetables, avoid meet to reduce risk
of these stones.
● High usage of sodium: Avoid canned foods, soup, french fries,
salty foods.

9. Symptoms Of Kidney Stone
● Abdominal pain
● Nausea & vomiting
● High temperature & BP
● Fatigue
● Pain on urination: pink, red, brown color urine
● Severe flank pain
● Blood in urine
● Swelling in kidney
● Steady pain
● Renal colic

10. Diagnostic Tests Of Kidney Stone
● Blood Test: It helps to know the amount of calcium, uric
acid and other minerals in the blood.
● Urine Test: Helps to identify the stone forming minerals in
the urine.
● Imaging Test: It helps to view the stones in urinary tract.
● The tests include,
Intravenous pyelogram, CT scan, XRay.

11. Treatments For Small Stones
● Drinking water: Drink enough water to produce clear urine.
Drinking coconut water & barley water daily helps to remove
small stones and prevents the formation of stones.
● Pain relievers: When small stones passes through urine, it
causes pain. Doctors will suggest some pain relievers to
relieve the mild pain.
● Medical therapy: This medication helps to pass the stones
through urine quickly with less pain.
● Diet restrictions: Reduce the intake of excess sodium, calcium,
oxalate, protein contained food items.

12. Treatments For Large Stones
● Lithotripsy: Using soundwaves to break up the large kidney
stones into small pieces allowing it to pass through the urine.
● Surgical procedures: Removing large kidney stones through
surgeries. The procedures are,
Nephrolithotomy (Kidney)
Pyelolithotomy (Renal Pelvis)
Ureterolithotomy (Ureter)
● Ureteroscopy: Passing thin lighted tube through the urethra to
break the stone into small pieces that will pass in the urine.

13. About DDRC SRL Diagnostic Services
DDRC SRL diagnostic laboratory services are the leading medical
diagnostic center in Kerala operates at Ernakulam, Trivandrum,
Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Thrissur, and all other districts in Kerala.
DDRC SRL offers more than 3500+ tests ranging from the simplest
screening to advanced tests under molecular pathology,
cytogenetics, histopathology & hematology.
They provides screening tests, urine tests & blood tests for kidney
stone effectively. Contact DDRC SRL for more medical testing details.

14. Contact
Phone: 0484 4277111, 9446508300
Email: info@ddrcsrl.com
Address
DDRC SRL Tower, Panampilly Nagar, Ernakulam, Kerala
PIN: 682036
Website
https://ddrcsrl.com/

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