This document summarizes labor laws and occupational safety and health policies and practices in Nepal. It discusses the Labor Act of 2048 (1992), which covers issues like working conditions, worker welfare, safety, health, and dispute resolution. It applies to workplaces with 10 or more employees. Other relevant policies include the Interim Constitution of 2064-2067 and the National Labor and Employment Policy of 1996. The document also discusses implementation of occupational safety and health standards through the National Occupational Safety and Health Project, and Nepal's adoption of ILO conventions. It analyzes challenges in implementation in the construction and industrial sectors.

1. Presented by: Hemaraj Neupane
Sirjana Tiwari
MPH 1st sem

2. LEGISLATION
National
Labor act
2048
Interim
constitution
2064-67
National
Labor and
employment
policy 1996
ILO
convention
2
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

3. LABOR ACT 2048(1992) NEPAL INCLUDE
working
conditions,
welfare of workers,
Safety, health and
industrial disputes.
workmen's
compensation,
leave and
holidays,
safety and health,
minimum wage
fixation and
settlement of labor
disputes
the Labor Act is
confined to
employing ten or
more workers.
3
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

4.  Parliament has made this Act to make timely provisions
relating to labor by making provisions for the rights,
interests, facilities and safety of workers and employees
working in enterprises of various sectors.
 After the restoration of a multi-party system in Nepal,
Government of Nepal has begun to pay more attention to
industrial working conditions and environment by
enacting and enforcing the new Labor Act,2048 (1992).
4
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

5. Working Hour to
minor and women
between 6am-6pm
Allow
overtime
work and
payment 4
hr/day but
not exceed
20hr/week
A Weekly holiday
with pay and
compulsory interval of
rest
Adult
working
hour:
8hr/day
and
48hr/week
5
Labor
Act
2048(1
992

6. Use of PPE
avoid any congestion in the
work-room
sufficient supply of pure
potable water in working hour
separate modern type toilets
for male and female
declare as non-smoking zone
compulsory health check-ups
of the workers or employees
once every year
CHAPTER-5 HEALTH AND SAFETY
Keep eachdf Enterprise
clean and tidy
adequate supply of fresh
air and light as well as
proper temperature in the
working rooms
disposal of solid waste
during production process
prevention of accumulation
of dust, fume, vapor and
other impure materials in
working rooms 6
Labor
Act
2048(19
9227. Provisions Relating to Health and Safety

7.  28. Protection of Eyes
 29. Protection from Chemical Substance
 30. Provision for Safety Against Fire: Fire extinguishing
devices shall have to be placed in the proper place,
sufficient water, emergency exit, device should check at
least once a year.
7
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

8.  31.Hazardous Machines to be fenced
 32. Lifting of Heavy Weight: not more then 55 kg
weight for normal male and 45 kg for normal female.
 33. Pressure Plant
 34. Orders to Provide for Safety
 35. Notice to be Provided for an accidental death,
injuries.
8
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

9. CHAPER – 6 WELFARE PROVISION
 38. Compensation: In case any worker or employee of
the Enterprise is physically wounded or seriously hurt
or dies in course of his/her work, the compensation shall
be paid to him/her or to his/her family.
 39.Gratuity, Provident Fund and Medical Expenses:
immediate treatment of worker or employee in case
injured while working, arrangement of medical treatment
personnel for organization having more then 400
employee, organization should have separate health
facility for having more then 1000 employee.
9
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

10. CHAPER – 6 WELFARE PROVISION
 40. Leave: Sick leave: employee who served
continuously for one year should get up to 15 days/year
and Maternity leave: 2 time maternity leave is provided
up to 60 day/female during her entire working period.
 42. Provisions Relating to Children
 43. Relaxing Room
 44. Canteen
10
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

11. CHAPTER – 7 SPECIAL PROVISIONS TO BE
APPLICABLE TO SPECIAL TYPE OF ENTERPRISE.
 Accident Insurance + safety arrangement ; for the
workers engaged in the construction site and vehicle
operating.
 First Aid Materials+ Prohibition of Consumption of
Alcoholic Drinks : for the operator of transportation
business
11
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

12. 3 YEAR INTERIM PLAN (2064-2067)
 Government of Nepal allocates about 20 million rupees
annual budget for occupational safety and health project.
 Occupational Safety and Health Project sets following
programs to be implemented as the integral part of the
project:
12
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

13. Training program on occupational safety and health for
social partners.
Capacity enhancement training program for officers affiliated
with occupational safety and health.
Orientation program for employers.
Awareness enhancement programs on industrial accidents.
Educational program on HIV/AIDS and STDs at work places.
Labor education programs.
Factory inspection, monitoring and evaluation strengthening
programs
13
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

14. LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT POLICY OF NEPAL
 3.3.8 the current framework of occupational safety and health
shall be reviewed and institutional and legal frameworks for it
developed.
 3.3.10 safety and health committees shall be constituted and
effectively conducted for the identification, planning,
implementation, follow-up, evaluation and improvement of
activities related to occupational safety and reproductive
health at the workplace.
 3.3.11 along with the development of a reporting and
documentation (record) system on occupational hazards,
training in occupational safety and health shall be provided for
workers and management personnel.
 3.3.12 A manual shall be prepared and implemented for the
promotion of occupational safety and health , including stress
management at the workplace.
14

15. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH INTERVENTION PROGRAMME
Occupational Safety and Health Project
Department Of Labor
Ministry of Labor and Employment
Government of Nepal
http://oshp.gov.np/pages/details/intervention
15
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

16. OSHIP OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH PROJECT
 To change the working environment of the industries, the
project has been conducting sectorial invention programs.
This program takes minimum 45 days & 90 days for
completion.
 The project has been conducting interaction programmes
with teaching hospital in order to encourage them to
establish an occupational health division in their hospitals.
 The monitoring is carried out for workplace hazards-noise,
light heat, dust, gas and other air borne contaminants in the
workplace of identified industries
16
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

17. OSHIP OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH PROJECT
 The project has been developing IEC material audio-visual
materials-video and slide, posters, Calendars and stickers with
basic information on occupational safety and health and
distributing free of cost to the employers, employees and their
organizations to raise awareness on basic occupational safety and
health.
 National Occupational Safety and Health Week(from 28th april)
has been conducting since 2000 with coordination with all the
organization (employers. organizations, trade unions) and
agencies concerned and working in the field of occupational
safety and health.
 Occupational safety and health training for social partners,
facilitator, Workers/employees, Managers and Government
officials.
http://oshp.gov.np/pages/details/intervention
17
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

18. OSHIP OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH PROJECT
 Develop training manuals for training of workers as well as
managers and a reference book on occupational safety and
health which are widely distributed free of cost to the social
partners.
 Develop a NATIONAL STATISTICS AND DATABASE (baseline
data on hazardous substances and sources of hazards has been
maintained in electronic version) to the measured level of
noise, light, heat, air borne contaminants, records on
accidents, chemical and hazardous raw materials.
 Tripatite co-ordination development between Employees’ &
Employers' organizations and supporting institutional
development of these organizations in the field of
occupational safety and health.
http://oshp.gov.np/pages/details/intervention
18
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

19. ILO CONVENTION
 Nepal has been a Member of ILO since 1966 and has
ratified eleven international labor Conventions.
 Currently, there are more than seventy ILO Conventions
mainly or partly related to questions of safety and health.
 The protection of the worker against sickness, disease
and injury arising out of employment is one of the tasks
assigned to the ILO.
19

20. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
OF ILO BROADLY FALL INTO FOUR CATEGORIES.
1. Standards guiding policies for action, such as the
Occupational Safety and Health Convention, the
Occupational Health Services Convention and their
accompanying Recommendations.
2. Protection in mining, the building industry, commerce
and offices and dock work.
20

21. 3. Measures of protection, e.g. guarding of machinery,
medical examination of young workers, maximum
weight of loads to be transported by a single worker
4. Protection against specific risks: e.g. ionizing radiation,
benzene, asbestos, prevention of occupational cancer,
prevention of air pollution, noise and vibration in the
working environment and safety in the use of chemicals
including the prevention of major industrial accidents.
21

22. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY TO MAINTAIN
OSH
 Labor Act 2048 is current acting policy on OSH in Nepal.
 The total number of currently employed persons increased
from 9463 in 1998/99 to 11779 in 2008.
 Likewise, the proportion of paid employees increased slightly
from 16.0 percent in 1998/99 to 16.9 percent in 2008.
 Moreover based on the classification of industry, 66.6 percent
of people are working in the agricultural sector and 26.1
percent in non-agriculture. National budget report 2073
 Among the employed persons, nearly 68 percent worked 40
hours and more, 20 percent 20-39 hours, 11 percent 1-19
hours
National labor survey 2008
22
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

23. CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON - CONSTRUCTION
SECTOR
23
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

24. CONSTRUCTION SITE
Labor
Act
(1992)/c
hapter
no Policy
Implementation in
construction site
(Road Project) Recommentation Reference
Chapter-3Workinghour
Working Hour to minor and
women between 6am-6pm
only women to
some extent not
minors. More than
this 7:00am-6:00pm
If progress,emplyee can
do in two or more shift.
Road
constructi
on
project+htt
p://oshp.go
v.np/pages/
details/inte
rvention
Adult working hour: 8hr/day
and 48hr/week
More then 8 hours
working in a day
A Weekly holiday with pay
and compulsory interval of
rest No
schedules of holiday to
be distributed among
labors.
Allow overtime work and
payment 4 hr/day but not
exceed 20hr/week Yes
24
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

25. Chapter-5healthandsafety(article
27).ProvisionsRelatingtoHealthand
Safety
Keep each Enterprise clean and
tidy No
adequate supply of fresh air and
light as well as proper temperature in
the working rooms Not possible in open air
workers are
provided with
mask.
disposal of solid waste during
production process Yes
prevention of accumulation of dust,
fume, vapor and other impure
materials in working rooms
60% workers answered the dust as the most
frequent hazards causing ill health of workers in
the course of work, sand and cement are the
major source of dust hazards
Use of PPE
67% workers have provided safety goggles,72%
workers have provided safety foot wears , 33%
workers wear appropriate PPE while working
and others occasionally
sufficient supply of pure potable
water in working hour
workers cannot wash before meals and must eat
in the work zone ,Some of the construction sites
of building have the facilities of safe drinking
water,
chlorine drops
to be added to
drinking water
separate modern type toilets for male
and female
toilet but still need to maintain but in road
construction need to improve existing practices.
declare as non-smoking zone No
25

26. Chapter-5healthandsafety
30.Provision for Safety Against
Fire: Fire extinguishing devices
shall have to be placed in the
proper place, sufficient water,
emergency exit, device should
check at least once a year.
82% workers
told that there
is no provision
of fire
protection
systems at site.
31.Hazardous Machines to be
fenced no
Ergonomic problems: A
scientifically managed working
place would help to minimize
ergonomic problems and to
increase workers efficiency. it is
not included policy and practice
32.Lifting of Heavy Weight: not
more then 55 kg weight for normal
male and 45 kg for normal female. yes
34.Orders to Provide for Safety
68% workers answer there is not
Use of signs and signals in
hazardous area it is not included
in policy.
35.Notice to be Provided for an
accidental death, injuries. Yes
26
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

27. CHAPER–6WelfareProvision
38. Compensation: In case any worker or employee of the Enterprise is
physically wounded or seriously hurt or dies in course of his/her work,
the compensation shall be paid to him/her or to his/her family.
insurance
for labors
39.Gratuity, Provident Fund and Medical Expenses: immediate
treatment of worker or employee in case injured while working,
arrangement of medical treatment personnel for organization having
more then 400 employee, organization should have separate health
facility for having more then 1000 employee.
from
contractor
40. Leave: Sick leave: employee who served continuously for one year
should get up to 15 days/year and Maternity leave: 2 time maternity
leave is provided up to 60 day/female during her entire working period.
as
required.
27
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

28. CHAPTER–7SpecialProvisionstobeApplicabletoSpecial
TypeofEnterprise.
Accident Insurance +
safety arrangement ;
for the workers
engaged in the
construction site and
vehicle operating
58% of workers fall from
height in construction sites
& 44% of which are due to
unprotected edges of
elevated floors and roofs
76% workers replied that
there are no standby
emergency vehicles in the
construction site
http://oshp.gov.
np/pages/details
/intervention
First Aid Materials+
Prohibition of
Consumption of
Alcoholic Drinks : for
the operator of
transportation
business
80% workers has always
provision of first aid
facilities.
http://oshp.gov.
np/pages/details
/intervention
28
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

29. CRITICAL ANALYSIS /INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
29
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

30. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
LaborAct
(1992)/chapterno
Policy
Implementation in
industrial Sector Reference
Chapter-3Workinghour
Adult working hour:
8hr/day and 48hr/week
All workers, whether they
are willingly to work or non
will to work they are forced
to work for 12 hours. These
12 hours does not include
overtime.
http://oshp.gov.np/pages/
details/intervention(Study
Report on Industrial
Accidents in Jute
industries of Nepal)
A Weekly holiday with
pay and compulsory
interval of rest
31% of the injuries were
continuously working for
more than five hours on the
day of the accident
http://oshp.gov.np/pages/
details/intervention(Study
Report on Industrial
Accidents in Jute
industries of Nepal) 30
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

31. Chapter-5healthandsafety(article27).
ProvisionsRelatingtoHealthandSafety
adequate supply of fresh air and
light as well as proper temperature
in the working rooms
Working temperature in the main plant
was very hot and humid (around 44C).
There is also accumulation of vapors and
fumes can be seen visually, it is due to hot
climate condition, insufficient natural
opening, insufficient provision of exhausts
system and open jigger machine.90%
workers regarded the dust control
measures & ventilation in their factory as
poor.
_Carpet_
Factory_
disposal of solid waste during
production process
prevention of accumulation of
dust, fume, vapor and other
impure materials in working
rooms
There is not provision of prevention of
Dust, female are exposed to organic dusts(
fibres and yarns) more than men in textile
industry and women have more respiratory
diseases nasal or bladder cancer
Use of PPE
it is compulsory to use masks for ginning
industries working Environment but no
one following these safety measure
To make arrangements of
necessary preventive personal
devices for preventing noise
sound profing measures reduce the noise
level only by 1 to 3dBA n. However the
operators are exposed to levels of 94 to
100 dBA.
31
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

32. Chapter-5healthandsafety
compulsory health check-ups
of the workers or employees
once every year
Only 7.5% of the industry workers were getting
health check-up service and it was regular only
in 25.5 percentages of the industries
29.Protection from Chemical
Substance
dyes, solvents, optical brighteners, heavy metals,
pesticides, and antimicrobic agents are used in the
textiles industry sector increased risk of nasal,
laryngeal and bladder cancer in women. alkalis and
acids and the treatment of cloth with boiling liquor
expose the workers to the risk of burns and scalds.
30.Provision for Safety Against
Fire: Fire extinguishing devices
shall have to be placed in the
proper place, sufficient water,
emergency exit, device should
check at least once a year.
All most no industry has specified and organized
emergency preparedness system such as
communication system, elimination of all sources of
ignition, prohibition of smoking, ensuring fire
exits.60% reported fire management preparedness as
poor.
Carpet_
Factory
31.Hazardous Machines to be
fenced
The machinery was not checked and was not properly
maintained. Only 52% of the workers were taught
safety measures
Jute
industrie
s
34.Orders to Provide for Safety None of them received health education at work
Carpet_
Factory
32
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

33. CHAPER–6WelfareProvision
39.Gratuity, Provident Fund and Medical Expenses:
immediate treatment of worker or employee in case
injured while working, arrangement of medical treatment
personnel for organization having more then 400
employee, organization should have separate health
facility for having more then 1000 employee.
(84%) said they had
experienced some health
problems at work were
backache/joint ache ,eye
irritations, prolonged
headache chest pain and
skin irritationand none of
the factories had medical
treatment facilities _Carpet_
Factory_
40. Leave: Sick leave: employee who served
continuously for one year should get up to 15 days/year
and Maternity leave: 2 time maternity leave is provided
up to 60 day/female during her entire working period.
42. Provisions Relating to Children
43. Relaxing Room
33
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

34. CHAPTER–7SpecialProvisionstobeApplicabletoSpecial
TypeofEnterprise.
Accident Insurance + safety
arrangement ; for the workers
engaged in the construction site
and vehicle operating
regular health services and health
insurance were not provided in
92.5% of the workers
Jute
industries
First Aid Materials+ Prohibition of
Consumption of Alcoholic Drinks :
for the operator of transportation
business
62% of the workers had at least
one work related accident. The
average rate of accidents both
minor and major was 21.7 / year.
only 55% of the industries had first
aid kit Industrial
Accidents 34
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

35. CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON EDUCATIONAL
SECTOR - POKHARA UNIVESITY
35
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

36. EDUCATIONAL SECTOR - POKHARA UNIVESITY
Labor
Act
(1992)/ch
apter no Policy
Implementation
in construction
site (Road
Project)
Recommentati
on
Referen
ce
Chapter-3Workinghour
Working Hour to minor and
women between 6am-6pm
10 am - 5 Pm / √
Adult working hour:
8hr/day and 48hr/week √
A Weekly holiday with pay
and compulsory interval of
rest
weakly holiday and
one hour tiffin break
Allow overtime work and
payment 4 hr/day but not
exceed 20hr/week 120 hour/ year
36
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

37. Chapter-5healthandsafety
(article27).Provisions
RelatingtoHealthanSafety
Keep each Enterprise clean
and tidy √
adequate supply of fresh air
and light as well as proper
temperature in the working
rooms √
disposal of solid waste
during production process
solid waste( papers)
dispose through burning
no separate policy for
solid waste management
so it should be included
in policy
Use of PPE
(poor )not adequate PPE
is provided( during
working period, ie
making laha chap),to the
laboratory employee and
to the computer user.
sufficient supply of pure
potable water in working
hour √
separate modern type toilets
for male and female √
sanitation problem in
school toilets
declare as non-smoking zone√
37
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

38. Chapter-5healthandsafety
compulsory health check-ups of the workers or
employees once every year
pre post medical examination
certificate is neded but not
practice periodic health check up
28.Protection of Eyes ×
29.Protection from Chemical Substance ×
30.Provision for Safety Against Fire: Fire
extinguishing devices shall have to be placed in
the proper place, sufficient water, emergency
exit, device should check at least once a year. yes in lab
31.Hazardous Machines to be fenced ×
32.Lifting of Heavy Weight: not more then 55 kg
weight for normal male and 45 kg for normal
female. √
33.Pressure Plant ×
34.Orders to Provide for Safety ×
38
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

39. CHAPER–6WelfareProvision
35.Notice to be Provided for an accidental death, injuries. √
38. Compensation: In case any worker or employee of the
Enterprise is physically wounded or seriously hurt or dies in
course of his/her work, the compensation shall be paid to
him/her or to his/her family. ×
39.Gratuity, Provident Fund and Medical Expenses:
immediate treatment of worker or employee in case injured
while working, arrangement of medical treatment
personnel for organization having more then 400 employee,
organization should have separate health facility for having
more then 1000 employee.
immediate treatment of
worker in case of physical
injury, but there is not
arrangement of separate
medical personnel and
health facility
40. Leave: Sick leave: employee who served continuously
for one year should get up to 15 days/year and Maternity
leave: 2 time maternity leave is provided up to 60
day/female during her entire working period.
sick leave:15 days / year
and maternity leave: 75
days/female/upto 2nd
delivery paternity leave:15
days/male/upto 2nd child
42. Provisions Relating to Children ×
43. Relaxing Room
provision of seminar hall in
each faculty or in each
office
39
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

40. CHAPTER–7SpecialProvisionstobeApplicabletoSpecialType
ofEnterprise.
44. Canteen ×
Accident Insurance +
safety arrangement ; for
the workers engaged in
the construction site and
vehicle operating
with the contribution of employee and
PU There is two catagory of amount of
insurance .
Rs150000 for Below officer level
employees and Rs. 250000 for officer
level and above.The office assumes the
20 years of maturity period for
insurance policy and decleared the
amount of annual premium amount
First Aid Materials+
Prohibition of
Consumption of Alcoholic
Drinks : for the operator
of transportation business
Before 2 year it was established in
Guard room of PU school gate by
Dr.dharma Shrestha, but now it is in
Health Science bulding run by
pharmacy Students.
Sirjana
Tiwari with
the help of
Pramod
Giri(admini
strative
officer PU)
40
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

41. CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON AGRICULTURE SECTOR
41
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

42. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Labor Act
(1992)/chapter
no Policy
Implementation
in Agricultural
Sector Recommendation Reference
Chapter-3Workinghour
Adult working
hour: 8hr/day
and 48hr/week
(75.8%) of
agriculture worker
respondents who
work long hours
experienced
backache
compared to
(48.4%) who
work normal
hours.
http://www.nepj
ol.info/index.ph
p/IJOSH/article/
viewFile/4725/4
352
42
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

43. Chapter-5healthandsafety(article27).
ProvisionsRelatingtoHealthandSafety
Use of
PPE
Individuals were unwilling to wear protective items during the
spraying of pesticides to Reduce health hazards. They generally
preferred to wear only long-sleeved shirts (68% of Total events)
and long pants (58%). Other safety measures, such as gloves,
goggles and masks, which are generally recommended, have not
been used. They rarely used a cap (15%), handkerchief (14%),
shoe (11%) or mask (10%), whereas spraying without any
protective measures accounted for nearly 15% of the total events.
https://www.researchga
te.net/publication/5285
692_Probabilistic_assess
ment_of_acute_health_
symptoms_related_to_p
esticide_use_under_inte
nsified_Nepalese_agricu
lture
43
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

44. RECENT POSITIVE ACTIVITIES IN
NEPALESE AGRICULTURE
 Insurance policy_2069
 Pension Policy-2073
 66% of total amount of GDP is cover by agriculture in Nepal .
 Insurance policy cover cattle, poultry, paddy, potato, vegetable,
fruits and fish, in case of fire, earthquake, floods, unfortunate
climate and pest damage.
 Pension will be given to the farmers on the basis of land+
capital+ production output of the respected farmer.
http://mof.gov.np/uploads/document/file/Budget%20Speech%202074-75_20170529014923.pdf
44
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

45. KEY CHALLENGES IN OSH IN NEPAL
 1.6 million (26.6%) of total children (5-17 years) in child
labor.(ILO report 2016)
 5.6 million workers were affected by the earthquake,
while 94 million work day were lost. (ILO report 2016)
 Despite understanding of health and environmental effect
of use of pesticides , about 83% of farmer increase 24%
use of pesticide in last 5year.
45
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

46. THE MAJOR CAUSES OF OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS FOUND IN DIFFERENT WORK
SECTORS WERE
 Faulty legal systems and lack of periodic updates
 Lack of legal back up mechanisms
 Lack of awareness as well as negligence concerning
OHS at all levels
 Inability to establish OHS as an integral component of
working life
 Lack of professional expertise
 Unsafe working conditions
Occupational health services in Nepal Sunil Kumar Joshi, Pranab Dahal, Nepal
46
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

47.  Lack of supervision and training
 Use of old machinery and equipment
 Lack of sufficient maintenance
 Bad house-keeping practices
 Violation of safety rules
 Overcrowded production units with very congested space
 Resource constraints
http://member.wnso.org/drsunilkj/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_in_Nepal_Editorials.pdf
47
Labor
Act
2048(19
92

48. CONCLUSION
 Occupational safety and health provisions of the Labor
Act do not cover all important sectors of establishments
that pose serious hazards, such as agriculture and
forestry.
 The legislative measures for occupational safety and
health are not applicable to small units employing less
than ten workers outside the industrial estates.
 In the legislation, at present, there is no provision for a
Safety Committee to be constituted in an establishment.
 Similarly, there is no provision for the appointment of a
Safety Officer in an establishment.
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49.  In case of illness caused by the profession, such
cases should also be reported to the Labor Office
within 7 days of knowing the illness.
 The law, however, does not stipulate on the
identification of the liability of medical treatment.
 There is no national surveillance system of health
services for industrial,agricultural workers who
are suffering from occupational diseases in Nepal
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50.  The employer or the industries bearing obligation to
providing safe working conditions by practicing OSH have an
easy exit mechanism in absence of concrete laws.
 The labor forces are guided by their political affiliations, lack
effective coordination and unity on OSH issues.
 workers have still been collectively bargaining for issues
relating to minimum wages, equal remuneration etc. thereby,
overshadowing issues pertaining to occupational safety and
health.
http://member.wnso.org/drsunilkj/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_in_Nepal_Editorials.pdf
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51.  limited literature available, it is found that the overall status of
occupational safety and health in Nepal is not satisfactory.
 Most of the labor, do not possess proper safety and
preventive measures, likewise, the workers do not have proper
understanding of exposure to hazards and measures to minimize
them.
 Thus, in such conditions, there should be immediate and
strong interventions is needed at all levels including the
government, private employers and the employees
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52. RECOMMENDATION
 Need of separate laws on OSH
 Formation of apex government body specifically for
OSH
 Dialogue, interactions and brainstorming sessions for
policy formulation and necessary amendments.
 Training, capacity building and skill transfer
 Detailed studies and publications on OSH in Nepal.
http://member.wnso.org/drsunilkj/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_in_Nepal_Editorials.pdf
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53. REFERENCE
 Labor act 2048
 Labor and employment policy 2062
 Labor rules 2050
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221773795_Knowledge_attitude_and_
practices_of_pesticide_use_and_acetylcholinesterase_depression_among_farm_
workers_in_Nepal
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275904159_Occupational_Safety_and_
Health_Studies_in_Nepal
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200558170_Child_labour_and_associa
ted_hazards_-_a_descriptive_study
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281963153_Occupational_Safety_and_
Health_among_Carpet_Factory_Workers_in_a_District_of_Nepal
 http://member.wnso.org/drsunilkj/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_in_Nepal_E
ditorials.pdf
 http://oshp.gov.np/pages/details/intervention
 Ocuupational accident in nepal, pun 2011
 Main occupational disease in Nepal, joshi and dahal 2009
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