1. Annotated BibliographySpeech:MalignantHyperthermia
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter/Refer to Audience
By a show of hands, how many of you know your family’s medical history?
B. Introduce Topic/State Thesis
1. The book Ion Channels and Genetic Diseases states, “Malignant
hyperthermia is a clinical syndrome in which genetically susceptible
individuals respond to potent inhalational anesthetics and depolarizing
skeletal muscle relaxants with high fever and skeletal muscle rigidity.”
2. In English- malignant hyperthermia is a genetic disorder that can lead
to death if the person has general anesthesia.
C. Establish Credibility
1. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Genetics Disorders, 1 in 50,000
people who are put under anesthesia have a reaction to it.
2. My grandpa was one of those people, and it’s hereditary, meaning my
father and I have it too.
D. Preview of Main Points
Today, we will be looking at what malignant hyperthermia is, what the
symptoms of a reaction are, and what is used to cure a reaction.
II. Body
A. Main Point #1-First of all, what causes malignant hyperthermia?
1. We already know that it’s a genetic disorder and it can be passed on
from generation to generation.
2. Reference-Clinical Anesthesia, a leading textbook on this subject, said
that the disorder is caused by a mutation in the RYR1 gene and alters
the calcium outlet in the skeletal muscles.
Transition: Now that we know what causes malignant hyperthermia, let’s look at
what the reaction actually is.
B. Main Point #2- The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders points out the
that the signs and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia include but are not
limited to; “stiffness and spasms of muscles especially jaw muscles, rapid
breathing with decreased oxygen levels in the blood, rapid or irregular
heartbeat, high body temperature (over 110 degrees), muscle breakdown,
and internal bleeding and organ failure.” (Show video visual aide)
Transition: Once these symptoms occur, an anecdote must be administered as
soon as possible, now we will look at what can be done during a reaction.
C. Main Point #3-In the past there was really no way to treat a malignant
hyperthermia reaction.
1. Subpoint #1-In the past they used ice to cool the body.
2. Subpoint #2-Dr. Gaisford Harrison discovered the anecdote according
to an article from Pediatric Anesthesia Magazine.

2. III. Conclusion
A. Restate Thesis-Today we have looked at what malignant hyperthermia is,
what the reaction looks like, as well as how to treat the symptoms.
B. Refer to Audience-It is really important to know your family medical
background, especially when it comes to surgeries.
C. Closure/Clincher- I encourage you to ask your parents about their medical
history so if something would happen, you are well informed especially since we are in
college and without a parent by our side all the time. I hope you enjoyed learning
something about this rare medical condition that runs in my family.

3. References
Barash, P. G., Cullen, B. F., & Stoelting, R. K. (2006). Clinical anesthesia. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Dawson, D. C., Frizzell, R. A., & Society of General Physiologists. (1994). Ion channels and
genetic diseases: Society of General Physiologists, 48th annual symposium, Marine
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 7-11 September 1994. New York:
The Rockefeller University Press.
King, M. R., Firth, P. G., Yaster, M., Ahmed, Z., & Mai, C. L. (2015). Malignant hyperthermia
in the early days of pediatric anesthesia: an interview with anesthesiology pioneer, Dr.
John F. Ryan. Pediatric Anesthesia, 25(9), 871-876. doi:10.1111/pan.12697
Nutting, P. J. (2005). Malignant Hyperthermia. In B. Narins (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of
Genetic Disorders (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 776-780). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from
https://login.proxy.lib.uni.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7C
CX3451500262&v=2.1&u=uni_rodit&it=r&p=GVRL&asid=86f518f67d2987e673c96fb
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