3. Machine Language
• Lowest and the most elementary level.
• Only language that a computer can understand.
• Consists of combinations of 0s and 1s that represent high and low electrical voltage.
• All programs are converted to it before they can be executed.
• Advantages:
• Fast because no translator is required,directly understood by the computer.
• Disadvantages:
• Difficult to understand code and difficult to debug.
4. Assembly Language
• Low level similar to machine language.
• Uses symbols called mneumonics.
• Eg: ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, MUL for multiplication.
ADD A,B.
• Advantages:
• Easier in comparison to machine language because uses English like words.
• Disadvantages:
• Programmers need to remember mneumonics.
• Program has to be translated to machine language.
5. High Level Language
• It is used to create programs which can be understood by humans.
• Uses English like statements.
• Main purpose of developing was to enable people to write programs easily in their own
native language.
• They are procedure-oriented.
• Advantages:
• Easy for users to understand.
• Disadvantages:
• Require an additional software for translating into machine language.
6. Middle-Level Language
• It combines the features of high level languages and functionality of
assembly language
• It bridges the gap between machine level and HLL.
• We can use it for system programming(such as writing operating systems) as
well as application programming.(such as writing code for menu driven
billing system)
8. Translators
The language processor that reads the complete source program written in high level
language as a whole in one go and translates it into an equivalent program in machine
language is called as a Compiler.
The Assembler is used to translate the program written in Assembly language into
machine code. The source program is a input of assembler that contains assembly
language instructions. The output generated by assembler is the
object code or machine code understandable by the computer.
The translation of single statement of source program into machine code is done by
language processor and executes it immediately before moving on to the next line is
called an interpreter.
