Brisia Rivera GCS 100 April 10, 2020 There are deep flaws in this view of globalization. The idea of out-shoring jobs in a capitalist society is to join the global market and essentially increase the number of companies in the developing nations and subsequently this will have a positive impact on the development of the nation. However the theory of globalization is sophisticated capitalism on paper the introduction of globalization in the international garment cycle however presents a set of negative economic disparities in the manufacturing host countries that impose an economic and business projection that is unsustainable. It is a set of very well articulated and written foreign trade laws and policies to believe that globalization in the garment industry is a good thing. Perhaps an increase in the employment rates, the earnings of the people increase simultaneously, this is an optimistic thought that may contribute towards the growth and the development of the people. Yet reality has yet to reflect or coincide with the positive theory’s and thoughts on the benefits of globalization within this billion dollar industry. A billion dollar industry with just as many issues. Where is this abundance of profit going? How is it being distributed? What is the economic hierarchy in this industry? I will be covering the where, when, why and how globalization has delivered strong and successful economic benefits and disadvantages in order to highlight who has received a higher rate of return using global capitalism. Geography goes beyond the intricacies of the land, within a matter of space in time you step into a different economic status, different laws, different resources, different benefits, different limitations, different language, different policies overall a different way of life. The world we are living in is filled with money hot zones referred to as foreign trade zones, which is really important in this economic analysis. The setting really sets the tone for how fast money is made. Export processing zones (EPZs) are areas within developing countries that offer incentives and a barrier-free environment to promote economic growth by attracting foreign investment for export-oriented production. Free export zones have made it possible for garment industries, across the world to participate such as, Bangladesh, India, and other Asian nations. International policies have been regularized, placed and catered to encourage competitive international members like China to increase the transit value required to promote globalization in the international market. In order to increase the needs of the clients demand for the garments. Although it is a liberal meritocratic participation in the flow of goods in and out of borders the terms and conditions vary from country to country.The allocation of benefits of trade and cross border investments is shifting the living standards in China and other emerging economies. The language of ...

1. Brisia Rivera
GCS 100
April 10, 2020
There are deep flaws in this view of globalization. The
idea of out-shoring jobs in a capitalist society is to join the
global market and essentially increase the number of companies
in the developing nations and subsequently this will have a
positive impact on the development of the nation. However the
theory of globalization is sophisticated capitalism on paper the
introduction of globalization in the international garment cycle
however presents a set of negative economic disparities in the
manufacturing host countries that impose an economic and
business projection that is unsustainable. It is a set of very well
articulated and written foreign trade laws and policies to believe
that globalization in the garment industry is a good thing.
Perhaps an increase in the employment rates, the earnings of the
people increase simultaneously, this is an optimistic thought
that may contribute towards the growth and the development of
the people. Yet reality has yet to reflect or coincide with the
positive theory’s and thoughts on the benefits of globalization
within this billion dollar industry. A billion dollar industry with
just as many issues. Where is this abundance of profit going?
How is it being distributed? What is the economic hierarchy in
this industry? I will be covering the where, when, why and how
globalization has delivered strong and successful economic
benefits and disadvantages in order to highlight who has
received a higher rate of return using global capitalism.
Geography goes beyond the intricacies of the land, within
a matter of space in time you step into a different economic
status, different laws, different resources, different benefits,
different limitations, different language, different poli cies

2. overall a different way of life. The world we are living in is
filled with money hot zones referred to as foreign trade zones,
which is really important in this economic analysis. The setting
really sets the tone for how fast money is made. Export
processing zones (EPZs) are areas within developing countries
that offer incentives and a barrier-free environment to promote
economic growth by attracting foreign investment for export-
oriented production. Free export zones have made it possible
for garment industries, across the world to participate such as,
Bangladesh, India, and other Asian nations. International
policies have been regularized, placed and catered to encourage
competitive international members like China to increase the
transit value required to promote globalization in the
international market. In order to increase the needs of the
clients demand for the garments. Although it is a liberal
meritocratic participation in the flow of goods in and out of
borders the terms and conditions vary from country to
country.The allocation of benefits of trade and cross border
investments is shifting the living standards in China and other
emerging economies.
The language of money is going to be a very important
theme in this analysis given to its significant ability to lure in
complex, paradoxical and diverse countries to collaborate with
the common goal of profit maximization. Economic growth has
diffused differences in order to mitigate and create
collaborative negotiations to make money. The International
Trade Administration has a department Office of Textiles and
Apparel that have a detailed list of who the U.S. is in business
with. It is important to know about Australia, Bahrain, CAFTA-
DR(United States, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua), Chile,
Colombia, Israel, Jordan, Korea, Morocco, NAFTA(Mexico,

3. U.S. and Canada), Oman, Panama, Peru and Singapore because
these are the places the U.S. has what is called Free Trade
Agreements. These agreements are important because they are
in black and white this legitimizes them as official documents
that can be used as collateral insurance in the active
participation in the global market. Free trade on exports and
imports exports increase wealth in the U.S. because it gives
Americans alternative opportunity to buy more imports at a
lower price, which maximizes a consumers utility. These
agreements make it possible for both foreign countries and the
U.S. to eliminate conflict by being in compliance with the
agreement set by the World Trade Organization. Therefore in
compliance and consistent implementation of Intellectual
property rights, import licensing, rules of origins, investment
services, government procurement and tariffs.
These trade agreements have created an economic
hierarchy among the countries that has defined the style and
culture of globalization in fashion garment industry. Starting
off with
textile manufacturing giants like the USA and UK on top.
Making manufacturing units in developing countries like India
and China right below them. This hierarchy supports the
manufacturing of goods at very low prices. Working our way
down to the bottom India and China face competition from
many other developing nations like Philippines, Vietnam,
Bangladesh, Myanmar, Brazil, and even African countries.
These countries have lower currency value therefore bagging
outsourcing work for lesser prices than India and China. As
these countries eagerly work to make there way up this
economic hierarchy those on top profit
and exploit the emerging countries.This economic model creates
a toxic unsustainable atmosphere of competition for
survival.Which brings me back to trade agreements set in place
by the World Trade Organization who does the law protect?
Whose rights are protected in an international garment business

4. transaction? Does the law transcend borders to implement and
enforce transparent international garment affairs?
Bibliography
Trade liberalization helps explain the bold global w ealth
disparities by introducing quota restrictions set forward by the
world trade organization. It is important to see how the garment
industry operates at an international scale in to see where the
main profits from garment production go. In this case the
Northern companies who control the industry. These companies
will benefit from more open markets and associated competition
between global suppliers. Meanwhile, for workers North and
South, this increased competition brings insecurity and the
threat of deteriorating conditions of work.
Angela Hale. “Trade Liberalisation in the Garment Industry:

5. Who Is Really Benefiting?” Development in Practice, vol. 12,
no. 1, 2002, pp. 33–44. JSTOR
Counting the Cost of the Global Fashion Industry introduces the
geography of the Fashion Garment Industry. The economic
definition of Made in Italy vs. Made in China. It serves as
strong supporting evidence for the unequal geographies of
fashion. It reveals the ugliness behind the beautiful things
people wear by highlighting the complex connections between
production, branding, retailing and wearing.This article will
serve to further exemplify the global wealth disparities by
revealing the contradictions that lie in the core of the global
fashion garment industry.
Crewe, Louise. “Ugly Beautiful?: Counting the Cost of the
Global Fashion Industry.” Geography, vol. 93, no. 1, 2008, pp.
25–33. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40574213. Accessed 10
Apr. 2020.
Steve Fraser offers an intriguing insight on foreign trade in
the garment industry. In The New Unionism and the New
Economic Policy he introduces the industrial democracy and
unregulated marketplace. Although his supporting evidence
revolves around Europe and the United States his concept on the
distribution of wealth further exemplifies political and
economical discrepancies in the Fashion Garment Industry. I
will approach my economic analysis with this borrowed
concept to explain how it further reinforces and sustains an
international economic hierarchy that is created by the cycle of
clothes in the Garment Industry.
Fraser, Steve. “The ‘New Unionism’ and the ‘New Economic
Policy.’” Work, Community, and Power: The Experience of
Labor in Europe and America, 1900-1925, edited by James E.
Cronin and Carmen Sirianni, Temple University Press,

6. Philadelphia, 1983, pp. 173–196. JSTOR,
Out sourcing exploitation is a great way to put China on
the stage as the undeniable leader within the garment industry.
This article take a critical approach and compares China and to
Cambodia. Two different economies undergoing industrial
updating and development, which is important to keep a close
eyes on economies that are emerging because it only takes
progressive and strategic economic moves to make there way to
the top over a period of time. Thise article provides a detailed
breakdown of China’s Garment Industry that illustrate their
success. As I will be discussing in the economic hierarchy this
article will further exemplify how China is working their way
and what effects it has on the U.S. as well as the rest of the
world
Franceschini, Ivan. “Outsourcing Exploitation: Chinese and
Cambodian Garment Workers Compared.” Gilded Age, edited
by Ivan Franceschini and Nicholas Loubere, ANU Press,
Australia, 2018, pp. 84–89. JSTOR
The Garment Industry In South China analyses economic
transactions in the garment business, particularly business
dealings between garment producers and wholesalers. It is
important to understand the severity of globalization in the
garment industry in efforts to see the relationship between
garment producers and wholesalers in China'
GAO, CHONG, and KHUN ENG KUAH-PEARCE. “The
Garment Industry in South China: Practising Relational Work.”
China Perspectives, no. 3 (103), 2015, pp. 25–32. JSTOR,

7. In the article Politics at Work the Multi Fibre
Arrangement will point out the disadvantages of global
negotiations that derive from the Free Trade Agreement set
forward by the International Trade Organization. I will also
illustrate how one countries prosperity is a result of another
country’s poverty. It is important to understand how the wealth
of the U.S., U.K., China and India dismantles local and national
economies all over the world. Since the garment industry foster
intense competition this article supports the strategic alliances
that make it possible for the garment industry to participate in a
global economy however the cycle of goods is not smooth due
to global labour movements.
Garwood, Shae. “Politics at Work: Transnational Advocacy
Networks and the Global Garment Industry.” Gender and
Development, vol. 13, no. 3, 2005, pp. 21–33. JSTOR
Compliance Versus Accountability: Struggles for Dignity
and Daily Bread in the Bangladesh Garment Industry maps out
the international parameters of the garment industry. It gives a
thorough break down how the garment industry is moved from
on country to another based on the lowest production cost
prices.My research will be covering the economic geographic
map that exemplifies who benefits, who is exploited and how
clothes travels throughout this economic hierarchy, crossing
borders utilizing the International Garment Cycle as a source of
transportation.
Mahmud, Simeen, and Naila Kabeer. “Compliance Versus
Accountability: Struggles for Dignity and Daily Bread in the
Bangladesh Garment Industry.” The Bangladesh Development
Studies, vol. 29, no. 3/4, 2003, pp. 21–46. JSTOR

8. Global wealth inequality in the Garment Fashion industry.The
allocation of benefits of trade and cross border investment is
shifting the living standards in China and other emerging
economies. Since China's economic model is a potential
alternative and vision of global capitalism’s future, I will
utilize Liberal Meritocratic Capitalism and political capitalism
to introduce and support my economic analysis on the bil lion
dollar contribution from the Garment Fashion industry to global
wealth disparities.
Milanovic, Branko, “ Capitalism Alone”The Future of the
System that Runs the World,The Belknap Press of Harvard
university Press, London England, Print. 2019
An inquiry into the Rapid Growth of the Garment Industry
in Bangladesh by Abdul Mottaleb offers vital historical context.
Wholesome historical research offers a well rounded approach
that serves as supporting evidence for my economic analysis. I
believe it is important understand the origins of the garment
industry, because although one might assume it is a successful
rapid growing, billion dollar industry my research will reflect
otherwise. The history of the garment industry will not only
offer content for analysis but it will lead and guide my
economic analysis into the language of money. The success of
this industry is not due to its profits its due to its economic
structure that although all manufacturing importing and
exporting countries can agree that profit maximization is the
main goal. The language of money translates very differently
across borders for some it’s an abundance of wealth and for
others its an opportunity to survive.
Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, and Tetsushi Sonobe. “An Inquiry
into the Rapid Growth of the Garment Industry in Bangladesh.”
Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol. 60, no. 1,
2011, pp. 67–89. JSTOR20.

9. The past is just as important as the future. Therefore this
article points out how the pressure from diverse social groups,
both environmental and economic, is changing the operating
environment. It is important to understand the difference
between shift and evolution in order to see wether or not
globalization is updating in a progressive fashion or simply
undergoing industrial development to remain relevant in the
global economy.
Servos, Chaime Marcuello, and Carmen Marcuello. “NGOs,
Corporate Social Responsibility, and Social Accountability:
Inditex vs. Clean Clothes.” Development in Practice, vol. 17,
no. 3, 2007, pp. 393–403. JSTOR,
Brisia Rivera
March 25, 2020
GCS 499
The Cycle of Clothes and Pulse of Capitalism
Introduction
Hook:This research analysis will focus on the enormous
economies of scale in production, distribution, marketing, and
management
Define the audience: Global Cycle of clothes and textiles with
supporting evidence from China and U.S. economies of scale in
production, distribution, marketing, and management.
Thesis Statement:This analysis focuses on the interactions
between manufacturers/producers, distribution and sellers as
international agents of the capitalistic cycle of goods in order to
highlight the wealth disparities between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
countries.

10. Body
An argument to support the thesis:Through Ethnoscapes,
technoscapes, finanscapes, mediascapes, ideoscapes
globalization has delivered strong and successful cultural
reflections of benefits and disadvantages of
capitalism.(Supporting evidence will be depriving from liberal
meritocratic capitalism)
An argument to support the thesis: the confinements of
everyday life the contingencies, accidents, and conjunctures that
arise out of active membership in the global economy.
Supporting evidence will be depriving form political capitalism
An argument to support the thesis: There are deep flaw s in this
view of globalization. The chief one is that established fact and
known economic patterns don’t financially contribute all three
agents within the garment textile industry
Conclusion
Summary of arguments: A product is everything one receives in
an exchange, includ- ing all attributes and expected benefits.
The product is then manufactured overseas to minimize the cost
of production and maximize the profit simultaneosly. Products
are classified according to their ultimate use. Classification
affects a product’s distribution, promotion, and pricing.
Clothes and textiles used for clothes are classified as consumer
goods, therefore they are purchased to satisfy personal and
family needs. Every product moves through a series of four
stages— introduction, growth, maturity, and decline—which
together form the product life-cycle. As the product progresses
through these stages, its sales and profitability increase, peak,
and decline. Marketers keep track of the life-cycle stage of
products in order to estimate when a new product should be
introduced to replace a declining one.
Call to action: Global wealth inequality in the textile/clothes
industry.The allocation of benefits of trade and cross border
investment is shifting the living standards in China and other
emerging economies.

11. Bibliography
Brückner, Markus, et al. “Wealth Inequality and Credit Markets:
Evidence from Three Industrialized Countries.” Journal of
Economic Growth, vol. 15, no. 2, 2010, pp. 155–176. JSTOR
Galbraith, James K. “A Perfect Crime: Inequality in the Age of
Globalization.” Daedalus, vol. 131, no. 1, 2002, pp. 11–25.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20027734. Accessed 7 Apr. 2020.
Geishecker, Ingo, and Holger Görg. “Services Offshoring and
Wages: Evidence from Micro Data.” Oxford Economic Papers,
vol. 65, no. 1, 2013, pp. 124–146.,
Gersbach, Hans, and Armin Schmutzler. “Foreign Direct
Investment and R&D-Offshoring.” Oxford Economic Papers,
vol. 63, no. 1, 2011, pp. 134–157. JSTOR,
Gopinath, Gita, and Roberto Rigobon. “Sticky Borders.” The
Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 123, no. 2, 2008, pp. 531–
575. JSTOR,
Milanovic, Branko, “ Capitalism Alone”The Future of the
System that Runs the World,The Belknap Press of Harvard
university Press, London England, Print. 2019
Mitchell, Thomas Warner. “Competitive Illusion as a Cause of
Business Cycles.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 38,
no. 4, 1924, pp. 631–652. JSTOR,
OLDENSKI, LINDSAY. “OFFSHORING AND THE
POLARIZATION OF THE U.S. LABOR MARKET.” ILR
Review, vol. 67, 2014, pp. 734–761. JSTOR,

12. Palley, Thomas. “The Economics of Outsourcing: How Should
Policy Respond?” Review of Social Economy, vol. 66, no. 3,
2008, pp. 279–295. JSTOR
Wilczynski, Jozef. “Developmental Strategies and the Quality
of Production under Socialist Economic Planning.” The
Bangladesh Development Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, 1975, pp. 127–
152. JSTOR
Zucman, Gabriel. “Taxing across Borders: Tracking Personal
Wealth and Corporate Profits.” The Journal of Economic
Perspectives, vol. 28, no. 4, 2014, pp. 121–148. JSTOR,
Understanding the benefits of outsourcing, many emerging
economies have started targeting offshore clients. India and
China face competition from many other developing nations like
Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Brazil, and even
African countries. Countries with lower currency value are
bagging outsourcing work for lesser prices than India and
China. Due to competition for outsourcing projects among
emerging nations, corporate offices can get their work done for
very low prices.
Corporate giants many times exploit the emerging countries
owing to such competition for survival.

13. The parallels between countries have indeed divide yet has
increasily overtime contributed to a systematic negotiation to
ensure profit maximization.
Global wealth inequality in the textile/clothes industry.The
allocation of benefits of trade and cross border investments is
shifting the living standards in China and other emerging
economies.
Globalization has boosted the garment industries in the
developing nations.
Globalisation has benefitted the garment industries, across the
world.Some of the developing countries that benefited from the
globalisation were Bangladesh, India, and other Asian nations.
International policies were regularised to encourage the
members to increase the transit value required to promote the
globalisation in the international market. Increase in the needs
of the clients demand for the garments, the movement had
introduced export processing zones that encouraged the
management to improve the overall performances.
It is relevant fact that the economic growth in different nations
was attributing to the growth of the garment industries. Changes
in the operations and financial sectors were experienced due to
the change in the technology that was adopted to increase the
performances.

14. Google Searches:
export processing zone
International laws on the garment industry
Globalization in the garment industry
Resale price policy between sellers and manufacturers
Manufacture dealer policy
Customer or territory restrictions
Vertical or horizontal restraints in the garment industry
Antitrust scrutiny
Worldwide competitors in the garment industry
Exclusive distributers
Foreign trade
Distributer Outline Relationship: manufacturing, distribution,
ownership, duration, price and intellectual rights.
Scholar Searches
Foreign Trade in the garment industry
Industrial democracy
Unregulated marketplace
Distribution of national wealth
Market power in the garment industry
International trade unions
Garment manufacturers
Garment distributers
Garment sellers
Research Paper Facts:
Topic: Global Wealth Disparities, Garment Industry and
globalization
Approach: Theoretical and Economical Analysis

15. Assertive Position: Billion Dollar Garment Industry has a major
contribution to Global Wealth Disparities.
Note: Heavily Reference Chapter 2 & 3 from Capitalism Alone
by Branco Milanovic
Page Requirement: 8-10 pages
Authoritive voice and position throughout the writing.
Bold Green words are the key take aways in those sections of
the essays. Therefore present data, elaborate, explain, support
and reference them throughout the essay
Paper Should present how different emerging economies such as
China have been able to participate in the global garment
market without jeopardizing their established coummunist
political system.
I want people to see the economic borders between countries
and how they are created, how first world countries have used
globalization as an uber to get the top of this economic
hierarchy and emerging countries like russia and china are right
behind them on this road to economic superiority.