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Part 3 2

The document discusses findings from Bhutan's 2010 Gross National Happiness Index regarding levels of happiness among Bhutanese citizens. Some key points: - 59% of Bhutanese did not meet the threshold for being happy in 6 or more domains, and were considered "not yet happy". On average, these unhappy citizens lacked sufficiency in 43% of domains, around 4 domains. - Unhappy citizens experienced higher insufficiency than happy citizens across many indicators like consumption, assets, housing, and health. - The document examines differences in sufficiency and insufficiency across various demographic groups to help identify policy areas that could increase happiness.

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The 2010 Gross National Happiness Index : Part III The Centre for Bhutan Studies 2011
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
The GNH Index is formulated to provide an incentive to Increase Happiness. Civil servants, business leaders, and citizens of Bhutan may ask, ‘how can I help to increase GNH?’ The GNH Index can help them answer this question in practical ways.
Increasing GNH “Our nation‟s Vision can only be fulfilled if the scope of our dreams and aspirations are matched by the reality of our commitment to nurturing our future citizens.” HM Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the 5th King of Bhutan
Increasing GNH To Increase happiness, we need to ask a new set of questions. We have to identify people who are not yet happy. And we have to ask, where do they lack sufficiency? What must more be done? This analysis is of direct relevance for policy.
National GNH Index: .743 using the happiness threshold of 66%
GNH Index by income group (Household per capita income) 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 GNH Index increases with income per capita 0.75 • Bhutan still has a significant 0.7 share of people not able to 0.65 meet basic physical needs • some relationship is 0.6 organic, because income is an 0.55 indicator measured in the 0.5 GNH Index and is also correlated with assets, housing, and education.
National headcount ratio: 59% of Bhutanese do not fulfil the threshold of being happy in 6 or more than 6 domains. According to the GNH Index, they are „not-yet-happy‟.
Of course, happiness is deeply personal. Some of these people may regard themselves as fully flourishing. That is why we need to discuss GNH widely in Bhutan.
National Breadth (Lack of sufficiency): Of the Bhutanese who are unhappy, on average they have insufficiency in 43% of the domains (roughly equal to 4 domains)
Proportion of people deprived/unhappy 3,76,975 59% 60% 1,66,124 Indicator: 50% Psychological wellbeing, Healt 1,46,956 h, Time 40% use, Culture, Ec 26% ology, Commun ity 30% 23% vitality, Good Governance and Living 20% Indicator: standards Indicator: Health, Educatio Consumption n and Living 10% per capita Standards 0% National Poverty line Multidimensional Gross National 2007 Poverty Index 2010 Happiness Index 2010 .
0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 30% Life satisfaction Positive emotions Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health… Healthy days Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Value Knowledge % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Services Political participation Donations (time &… Community relationship Family Safety vary? Ecological issues Responsibility… unhappy people. Wildlife damage (Rural) higher, it means that Urbanization issues % insufficiency amongst the happy When the blue bars are Life satisfaction is much First, a birds eye view of Assets happy vs unhappy people. How do their achievements higher among the unhappy. For example, insufficiency in insufficiency is higher among Household per capita… Housing
0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 30% Life satisfaction Positive emotions Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health… Healthy days Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Value Knowledge % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Let’s look further. Services Political participation Donations (time &… Community relationship Family have less sufficiency than unhappy. Safety Ecological issues Responsibility… But some are relatively close; others very different. Wildlife damage (Rural) Urbanization issues % insufficiency amongst the happy Assets Across all indicators we see that there is no indicator in which Household per capita… orange bars are higher than blue – none in which ‘happy’ people Housing
0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 30% Life satisfaction 100% Positive emotions Negative emotions well-being Spirituality Self reported health status Healthy days Psychological Health Disability Mental health Work Sleep Time Use Schooling Literacy Value % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Knowledge Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Government performance Fundamental rights Services Political participation well- that the Donations (time & money) Looking at have higher insufficiency. psychological Community relationship d time, we see The groups are closest in sleep. being, health, an ‘unhappy’ always Family % insufficiency amongst
Schooling Literacy Value e unhappy Education Knowledge Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Culture Driglam Namzha Government performance Fundamental rights Services Political participation Governance Donations (time & money) Community relationship Family Safety Ecological issues Responsibility towards… % insufficiency amongst the happy Wildlife damage (Rural) Urbanization issues Assets Household per capita income Housing In e, and highest Driglam Political Both have education. Namzha, and participation. different in of deprivations in groups are least governance, the Value, Language, education, cultur
In % insufficiency amongst the happy community, ecol ogy, and living standard, the Community Ecology Living strong Standard differences are in wildlife damage and in living standard. Happy people’s insufficiencies in Responsibility towards… Housing Assets Ecological issues Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Wildlife damage (Rural) Donations (time & money) Household per capita income Community relationship Urbanization issues Safety Services Family Political participation Government performance community and ecology are otherwise rather close and in urbanization, alm ost equal.
0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 30% Life satisfaction Positive emotions Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health… Healthy days Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Value Knowledge % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Services Political participation Donations (time &… Community relationship Family Safety Ecological issues Responsibility… Next we analyse the blue bars – the insufficiencies of unhappy people – and ask, how can we reduce them? Wildlife damage (Rural) Urbanization issues % insufficiency amongst the happy Assets Household per capita… Housing
Health is the lowest Percentage contribution to unhappiness contributor to Health unhappiness followed 6% Education Community by community vitality 16% vitality Education is the 7% highest contributor to Ecological unhappiness diversity and resilience 8% Living standards 14% Psychological wellbeing 11% Time use 14% Good Cultural diversity Governance and resilience 13% 11%
Domain contribution to unhappiness Communi Health Education Contribution of Education indicators to ty vitality 6% Ecological 7% 16% unhappiness diversity and resilience Living 8% standards Knowledge Psycholog 14% 15.0% 6.2% ical wellbeing Schooling 11% Time use Cultural 14% 10.0% 4.8% Literacy diversity Good and Governan Value resilience ce 5.0% 4.2% 11% 13% 0.2% 0.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 58% 60% 45% 39% 40% 20% 2% 0% Value Literacy Schooling Knowledge
Domain contribution to unhappiness Communi Health Contribution of Living standard indicators to ty vitality 7% 6% Education 16% unhappiness Ecological diversity and 14.0% Housing resilience 8% Living standards 5.7% Psycholog 14% ical 9.0% Household per wellbeing 11% Time use 5.1% capita income Cultural 14% diversity Good 4.0% Assets and resilience Governan ce 2.8% 11% 13% -1.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 39% 35% 40% 30% 19% 20% 10% 0% Assets Household per Housing capita income
Contribution of Time use indicators Contribution of Good Governance to unhappiness indicators to unhappiness Services 15.0% Political 100% 7.2% participation 80% 8.7% 10.0% 60% Work Fundamental 4.6% rights 40% Sleep 5.0% 4.8% 1.1% Government 20% 0.0% 0.6% performance 0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 59% 50% 40% 43% 38% 40% 30% 22% 21% 20% 10% 0% Government Fundamental Political Services Sleep Work performance rights participation
Cultural diversity and resilience indicators to Psychological wellbeing indicators to unhappiness unhappiness Cultural Spirituality participation 12.0% 10.0% Artisan skills 4.9% Life satisfaction 10.0% 5.6% 8.0% 8.0% 6.0% Driglam 6.0% 2.2% Positive 3.3% Namzha emotions 4.0% 4.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.1% Speak native Negative 0.3% 2.0% 1.8% 0.0% language emotions 0.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 43% 34% 45% 35% 29% 40% 25% 35% 24% 30% 25% 30% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 3% 20% 15% 5% 0% 15% 10% 5% 0% Life Negative Positive Spirituality satisfaction emotions emotions
Community vitality indicators to Ecological diversity and resilience unhappiness indicators to unhappiness Donations (time Wildlife & money) 10.0% damage (Rural) 8.0% Community 8.0% Urbanization 6.0% 4.5% relationship 6.0% 5.5% issues Family 4.0% 4.0% Ecological 2.1% 1.5% 2.0% Safety 2.0% issues 0.8% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% Responsibility towards environment Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 34% 35% 32% 35% 30% 24% 25% 30% 20% 25% 19% 20% 15% 15% 9% 11% 10% 6% 3% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% Safety Family Community Donations Urbanization Responsibility Ecological Wildlife relationship (time & issues towards issues damage money) environment (Rural)
Domain contribution to unhappiness Communi Health Contribution of Health indicators to ty vitality 7% 6% Education 16% unhappiness Ecological diversity and Healthy days resilience Living 8% standards 6.0% Psycholog 14% 2.4% Mental health ical 5.0% wellbeing 11% Time use 4.0% Cultural 14% 1.6% Disability diversity Good 3.0% and resilience Governan ce 2.0% 1.2% 11% 13% 1.0% 0.9% Self reported health status 0.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 18% 20% 20% 12% 15% 9% 10% 5% 0% Disability Mental health Healthy days Self reported health status
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Spirituality wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Negative emotions Life satisfaction Self reported health status Health Healthy days Mental health Disability use Sleep Time Work Knowledge Schooling Education Literacy Value Cultural participation and Driglam Namzha Cultural diversity resilience Artisan skills Speak native language Services Political participation Good Fundamental rights Governance Government performance Donations (time & money) whether they are happy or not yet happy. Community relationship vitality Family Community Safety Wildlife damage (Rural) and Ecological issues diversity resilience Ecological Responsibility towards… Total percentage of people who lack sufficiency in the indicators – Urbanization issues Housing Living Household per capita income standards Assets
Total percentage of people who lack sufficiency More than 50% of the 100.0% Bhutanese are insufficient in 90.0% 3 of the 4 indicators of 80.0% Education. 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Education Ecolog Psychological Time Cultural diversi wellbeing use diversity and Health and Good Community resilien resilience Governance vitality
Literacy Schooling Literate Illterate HS education Diploma/Cer Bachelors (till degree tificate, 0.69 Degree, 2.45 Post 2nd yr), 4.21 Graduate, 0. 48 MS education (X), 7.50 LS education 46% (VIII), 5.36 54% Primary No formal education education, 6 (VI), 13.75 5.56
Knowledge Knowledge of local legends and folk tales Knowledge and understanding in local Good tshechus and festivals 10% Very good Very good Good 2% 2% 10% Very poor Average 37% Very poor 23% Average 23% 37% Poor Poor 28% 28% Knowledge and understanding in traditional Bhutanese songs Very good 4% Good Very poor 17% 32% Average 22% Poor 25%
Knowledge (contd.) Knowledge and understanding on Knowledge of Constitution transmission of HIV/AIDS Not at all Very good 5% 2% Good Good 12% understan Just heard Very poor ding of it 33% 31% 21% Average 24% Some understan Poor ding 29% 43%
Total percentage of people who lack sufficiency 100.0% More than 40% of the 90.0% Bhutanese are insufficient in 2 of the 4 indicators of Good 80.0% Governance 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Education Ecolog Psychological Time Cultural diversi wellbeing use diversity and Health and Good Community resilien resilience Governance vitality
Services River, pond, Spring lake, streams Source of water 2% Very Quality of drinking water Poor , rainwater Unprotected poor 5% 2% Others well 2% Neither 0% 0% Protect well good 1% nor poor Piped-in dwelling Public 10% 25% outdoor tap 21% Very good 38% Piped water outside house Good 49% 45% Dump Dump in on open Waste disposal method forest air Others 1% Dump in 1% 1% rivers/strea Municipal ms garbage 1% pick-up Composting 15% 26% Burning 55%
Ele Do you have electricity in your Distance to nearest health care ctri household? centre city 0% More than No 60 mins or 60 mins 28% less than 60 walk to mins walk nearest to nearest health care health care centre centre 37% Yes 63% 72%
Political participation Will you participate in the next In the past 12 months, how many No general election? times have you attended zomdues 4% Don' (meetings)? know 3% Never 37% Once or more Yes 63% 93%
Fundamental rights Do you feel that you have right to Do you feel you have the right to freedom of speech and opinion? Don't vote? Don't No know No know 8% 1% 1% 1% Yes Yes 91% 98% Do you feel you have the right to join Do you feel you have the right to political party of your choice? form tshogpa? Don't Don't know No know No 2% 6% 5% 12% Yes Yes 92% 83%
Do you have right to equal access Do you have right to equal pay and apportunity to join public for work of equal value? service? Don't Don't know No know No 3% 12% 4% 15% Yes Yes 85% 81% Are you free from discrimination based on race, sex, raligion language etc.? Don't know No 2% 12% Yes 86%
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
Percentage of not-yet-happy people by district Higher percentage of not-yet-happy people Lower percentage of not-yet-happy people
Domain contribution to unhappiness Paro Psychological wellbeing Sarpang Dagana Health Tsirang Punakha Haa Time use Thimphu Gasa Education Zhemgang Chukha Wangdue… Cultural diversity and resilience Bumthang Samtse Good Governance Mongar Pema Gatshel Community vitality Tashigang Lhuntse Tashi Yangste Ecological diversity and Trongsa resilience Samdrup Jongkhar Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% .
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Life satisfaction Spirituality wellbeing Negative emotions Psychological Positive emotions Disability Mental health Health Self reported health status Healthy days Sleep use Time Work Value Paro Literacy Schooling Education Knowledge Speak native language and Driglam Namzha Cultural Artisan skills diversity resilience Cultural participation Government performance Fundamental rights Good Political participation Governance Services Samdrup Jongkhar Safety Family vitality Community relationship Community Donations (time & money) Ecological issues and Responsibility towards… diversity resilience Ecological Urbanization issues Wildlife damage (Rural) Household per capita… Living Assets standards Housing Percentage of Bhutanese who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in indicators .
Percentage of not-yet-happy people 0.9 Population in hundred thousands 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 .
Pema Thimphu Punakha, 9,278 Haa, 6,198 Where do the Gatshel, 9,108 Chukha Gasa, 1,681 unhappy Samtse people live? Dagana, 9,431 Tashigang Samdrup Jongkhar Thimphu Trongsa, 9,567 Mongar and Chukha Bumthang, 9,734 Sarpang are home to Tsirang, 9,760 Thimphu, 52,910 Wangdue Phodrang the highest Lhuntse, 10,432 Paro number of Zhemgang, 10,54 Tashi Yangste unhappy 4 Chukha, 42,431 Zhemgang people…. Tashi Lhuntse Note Chukha Yangste, 12,124 Paro, 16,886 Tsirang and Samtse, 36,574 Bumthang Thimphu Trongsa also house Wangdue Dagana the highest Phodrang, 18,646 Punakha number of Pema Gatshel happy Sarpang, 20,231 people! Tashigang, 34,168 Haa They are big Mongar, 23,034 Samdrup Gasa dzongkhags. Jongkhar, 30,450
Average insufficiencies amongst the not-yet-happy Those living in Samdrup Jongkhar, Lhuentse, Tashi Yangste, and Trongsa experience insufficiency in the most indicators at the same time. Higher insufficiencies Lower insufficiencies
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
70% 63% 50% 60% 44% 42% 50% More unhappy people in rural 40% areas! Rural 30% Urban 20% 10% 0% Percentage of not-yet- Average insufficiency happy .
67% 70% In Rural areas, not- yet-happy people‟s 60% 55% average „shortfall‟ 43% 41% 50% about the same is as urban shortfall. 40% Rural This 30% is good news. Urban It 20% suggests less disparity in 10% unhappiness by region. 0% Percentage of unhappy Average insufficiency people .
Contribution of the domains to Unhappiness at the national level, for urban areas and for rural areas 100% 16% 15% 12% 90% Education 7% 80% 15% 14% Living standards 15% 70% 14% Time use 60% 13% 16% Good Governance 50% 13% 13% 12% Psychological 40% 11% 11% wellbeing 30% 14% Cultural diversity and 11% 11% resilience 20% 8% Ecological diversity 8% 8% 5% and resilience 10% 6% 6% Health 7% 11% 6% 0% Community vitality Rural National Urban .
Contribution of the domains to Unhappiness at the national level, for urban areas and for rural areas 100% 16% 15% 12% 90% Education 7% 80% 15% 14% Living standards 15% 70% 14% Time use 60% 13% 16% Good Governance 50% 13% 13% 12% Psychological 40% 11% 11% wellbeing 30% Urban Areas have 14% Cultural diversity and highest insufficiency in 11% 11% resilience 20% Governance, Time 8% 8% Ecological diversity 8% use, and Culture. 5% and resilience 10% 6% 6% Health 7% 11% 6% 0% Community vitality Rural National Urban .
Contribution of the domains to Unhappiness at the national level, for urban areas and for rural areas 100% 16% 15% 12% 90% Education 7% 80% 15% 14% Living standards 15% 70% 14% Time use 60% 13% 16% Good Governance 50% 13% 13% 12% Psychological 40% 11% 11% wellbeing 30% Rural Areas have 14% Cultural diversity and 11% 11% resilience highest 20% 8% Ecological diversity 8% 8% insufficiency in 5% and resilience 10% 6% 6% Education and Health 7% 11% Living Standards. 6% 0% Community vitality Rural National Urban .
Percentage of Bhutanese who are not yet happy and lack sufficiency in Education and Good Governance indicators Value Government Literacy performance Political Rural Schooling participation Urban National Fundamental Knowledge rights Services .
Percentage of Bhutanese who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in Cultural diversity and resilience and Community vitality indicators Safety 50% Cultural 40% Family participation 30% 20% 10% Community Rural Artisan skills 0% relationship Urban National Donations (time & Driglam Namzha money) Speak native language .
Percentage of Bhutanese who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in Living standards indicators Assets 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% National 0% Rural Urban Household Housing per capita income .
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
GNH Index by gender 0.8 0.78 0.783 0.76 0.74 0.737 0.72 0.704 0.7 0.68 0.66 Female National Male .
Significant tests for GNH indices for gender 0.800 0.780 0.760 0.740 0.720 0.700 0.680 Lower 0.660 boundary Male Female GNH index Upper boundary .
67% 70% 60% 51% 67% of women are unhappy. 44% 50% 42% About 51% of 40% men are Male 30% unhappy. Female 20% 10% 0% Percentage of not-yet-happy Average insufficiency people
67% 70% Not-yet-happy 51% 60% people‟s average 44% 42% „shortfall‟ (lack 50% 40% sufficiency) is of Male the almost same 30% Female for men and 20% women. 10% 0% Percentage of unhappy Average insufficiency people
Contribution of the domains to unhappiness by gender Health Community vitality 6% 8% 8% 11% 11% 13% 13% 13% 16% Ecological diversity and Female resilience Psychological wellbeing Cultural diversity and resilience Good Governance 5% 7% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% Male Time use Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Education The contribution to unhappiness in men and women by the respective domains is similar
Percentage of Bhutanese who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in Health and Psychological wellbeing indicators Disability 40% Life satisfaction 30% Mental health 20% 10% Male Negative Female 0% Healthy days emotions National Positive Self reported emotions health status Spirituality
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
GNH Index by age group 0.8 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.7 0.68 GNH is highest among those 0.66 aged 21-25 0.64 0.62 0.6 <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65 .
Domain contribution to unhappiness by age group Psychological wellbeing 61-65 9% 9% 11% 18% 10% 7% 15% 56-60 10% 8% 14% 17% 10% 6% 15% Health 51-55 10% 8% 14% 17% 10% 6% 14% Time use 46-50 11% 6% 14% 17% 10% 6% 15% Education 41-45 10% 5% 16% 16% 11% 6% 14% 11% 6% 14% 16% 11% 7% 14% Cultural diversity and 36-40 resilience 31-35 11% 5% 15% 15% 11% 8% 13% Good Governance 26-30 12% 4% 14% 14% 13% 9% 12% Community vitality 21-25 12% 4% 14% 12% 13% 10% 11% Ecological diversity and <=20 13% 4% 11% 11% 14% 11% 13% resilience Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Young people are better educated, healthier, and have relatively good living standards. Older people do better in culture, governance, community, and psychological well-being. .
Percentage of the not-yet-happy in Psychological wellbeing indicators 45% 41% Spirituality 40% 37% 37% Positive emotions 36% 35% 35% 34% Negative emotions 30% 30% 29% 28% 27% 27% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
Percentage of the not-yet-happy in Health indicators 45% 40% Self reported health status 35% Healthy days Disability 30% Mental health 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
Percentage of the not-yet-happy in Community vitality indicators 80% Donationa (time & money) 70% Community relationship Family 60% Safety 50% 40% The not-yet happy still have very 30% high and stable achievements in family and safety – except the 20% very young. Community decreases with age. 10% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
Percentage of the not-yet-happy in Community vitality indicators 70% Work Sleep 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
Percentage of not-yet-happy Note: results are illustrative only GNH Index Average insufficiency amongst the not-yet-happy 90% 81% 80% 73% 70% 64% 60% 58% 50% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Never married Married Divorced Separated Widowed
Contribution of domains to unhappiness by marital status Widowed 10% 9% 11% 18% 9% 13% 6% 8% 15% Psychological wellbeing Health Separated 10% 9% 11% 16% 11% 13% 8% 9% 14% Time use Education Divorced 11% 7% 13% 16% 9% 14% 8% 8% 14% Cultural diversity and resilience Married Good Governance 11% 6% 14% 16% 11% 13% 7% 8% 14% Community vitality Never married 12% 5% 12% 11% 15% 15% 9% 9% 11% Ecological diversity and resilience Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Contribution of domains to unhappiness by marital status Widowed 10% 9% 11% 18% 9% 13% 6% 8% 15% Psychological wellbeing The contrast between Health married, divorced, separ Separated 10% 9% 11% 16% 11% 13% 8% 9% 14% ated, and widowed is Time use not very big. Education Divorced 11% 7% 13% 16% 9% 14% 8% 8% 14% Widowed and Divorced enjoy a little lessand Cultural diversity resilience culture. Married Good Governance 11% 6% 14% 16% 11% 13% 7% 8% 14% Never married to show aCommunityprofile of different vitality deprivations Never married 12% 5% 12% 11% 15% 15% 9% 9% 11% Ecological diversity and resilience Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
Note: The survey is not representative by occupational group, and some of the occupational categories are very small. So these results must be understood to be ‘illustrative’ but not definitive. Further research would be required to verify their accuracy.
Percentage of not-yet-happy people GNH Index Average insufficiency amongst the not-yet-happy people 1 0.9 88% 0.8 69% 0.7 0.6 56% 58% 51% 53% 49% 50% 0.5 41% 42% 0.4 37% 27% 29% 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 .
Contribution of domains to unhappiness by occupational status Psychological Civil servants 12% 4% 14% 8% 18% 18% 12% 5% wellbeing Monk/Anim 6% 14% 5% 16% 15% 16% 11% 17% Health GYT/DYT member 10% 7% 16% 16% 11% 10% 6% 13% Time use School… 13% 5% 11% 7% 17% 17% 12% 9% Trader/Shopkeep… 12% Education 5% 19% 13% 14% 14% 11% 5% Unemployed 15% 4% 11% 10% 15% 19% 12% 8% Cultural diversity and Gomchen 6% 8% 11% 13% 7% 16% 8% 20% resilience Good Corporate employee 10% 5% 17% 10% 15% 17% 11% 9% Governance RBG/RBA/RBP 10% 3% 20% 12% 15% 16% 10% 9% Community vitality Others 11% 4% 14% 15% 14% 15% 9% 12% Ecological House wife 12% 6% 13% 15% 11% 16% 12% 8% diversity and resilience Farmer 11% 6% 13% 17% 10% 12% 6% 16% Living standards National Work… 10% 4% 16% 16% 11% 18% 9% 12% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percentage of the not-yet-happy in some of the Psychological wellbeing indicators - monk/anim have lowest insufficiencies. 50% 45% Positive emotions 40% Negative emotions 35% Spirituality 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
Who can increase GNH? •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
Individuals are linked out •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
Communties affect others •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
And so does government •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
GNH is created when different groups work to do what they do best. Meaningful Government/ work, services, products Corporation/ Private Community/ Meaningful Civil society/ relationships, collective action, models Religious Sharing, relationships, a uthentic self- Individual/ direction, shaping own happiness Household
GNH Index highlights- Education  Education is the highest contributor to unhappiness as per GNH Index  Bhutanese have more than 50% insufficiency in 3 of the 4 indicators  The highest insufficiency being in the knowledge indicator. Bhutanese experience low levels of knowledge in cultural & historical aspects of the country & in health and politics.
Proportion having insufficiency in Education indicators • Knowledge comprises of 4-sub indicators which are observed to be relatively low in the country Schooling (45%) irrespective of any demographic characters Value Literacy Education (52%) (3%) Weights: Schooling and literacy higher weights •Knowledge of local legends and folk stories Knowledge •Knowledge of local tshechus (93%) • Knowledge of traditional Bhutanese songs • Knowledge of Constitution •Knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Education is the highest contributor to unhappiness Proportion having insufficiency in Education indicators Schooling (45%) • Literacy and schooling are • conventional indicators for which policies are already in lined for its advancement Value Literacy Education (52%) (3%) Weights: Schooling and literacy higher weights •Knowledge of local legends and folk stories Knowledge •Knowledge of local tshechus (93%) • Knowledge of traditional Bhutanese songs • Knowledge of Constitution •Knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Proportion having insufficiency in Percentage of people who lack Living standard indicators sufficiency in housing Haa Trongsa Bumthang 2% 2% 2% Gasa 1% Tsirang Zhemgang 3% Household per Tashigang 3% Paro 12% capita income (47%) 3% Sarpang Samtse 4% 11% Lhuntse • 4% Living Mongar Punakha standards 10% 4% Chukha Dagana 7% 4% Tashi Yangste Assets Housing 5% Samdrup Pema (26%) (54%) Jongkhar Wangdue Gatshel Thimphu Phodrang 7% 5% 6% 5% •Roofing •Toilet Weights: •Overcrowding all equal
Proportion having insufficiency in Good Governance indicators Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in political participation Gasa Tsirang Dagana 1% Tashi Government 2% Yangste 3% performance Tashigang 3% Pema (21%) 4% Thimphu Gatshel 13% 4% Wangdue Chukha Phodrang 10% 4% • Samdrup Sarpang Jongkhar 4% Political 6% Mongar participation Good Services Paro 4% Governance (59%) (43%) 6% Punakha Haa 4% 6% Bumthang Samtse 4% 5% Trongsa Lhuntse Zhemgang 5% 5% 5% Fundamental rights (38%) Weights: Higher on services & participation
Proportion having insufficiency in Good Governance indicators Percentage of people who lack Government sufficiency in services performance Gasa Sarpang Thimphu Samdrup 2% 3% 3% (21%) Jongkhar Haa Pema Tashi 7% 3% Gatshel Yangste 7% 5% Samtse Paro 6% 5% • Lhuntse Bumthang 5% Political Good Services 6% participation Punakha Governance (59%) (43%) Tsirang 5% 6% Chukha Dagana 5% 6% Tashigang 5% Wangdue Phodrang Zhemgang Trongsa Mongar 6% 6% 5% 5% Fundamental rights (38%) Weights: Higher on services & participation
Proportion having insufficiency in Good Governance indicators Government performance (21%) Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in fundamental rights Sarpang Tsirang Haa 1%Gasa 2% 4% 2% Punakha Samdrup 4% Political Jongkhar Good Services Pema Zhemgang participation 9% Governance (59%) Gatshel 4% (43%) 8% Samtse 5% • Lhuntse 8% Chukha 5% Bumthang 7% Dagana 5% Fundamental rights (38%) Paro Tashigang 5% Weights: 6% Thimphu Wangdue Higher on services 6% Tashi Trongsa Phodrang Yangste Mongar & participation 5% 5% 5% 5%
Percentage of people who lack Proportion having insufficiency in sufficiency in cultural Cultural diversity and resilience indicators participation Percentage of people who lack • Urban sufficiency in cultural participation Gasa Tashigang Tashi 26% 2% 3% Yangste Sarpang 4% Rural Chukha 74% 4% Pema 7% Samtse Gatshel Thimphu 7% 4% 6% Trongsa 4% Dagana Speak native •6% Paro language 5% (5%) Wangdue Phodrang Mongar 6% 5% Cultural Lhuntse Cultural Artisan Bumthang Haa diversity 5% participation skills 5% 5% and (67%) (38%) Samdrup Tsirang resilience Jongkhar Zhemgang Punakha 5% 5% 5% 5% Driglam Namzha Weights: Higher on (40%) language and participation
Proportion having insufficiency in Percentage of people who lack Community vitality indicators sufficiency in donations (time & money) Gasa Tashigang 2% 4% Dagana Tsirang 4% 4% Thimphu Donations Sarpang 8% (time & Chukha 4% Samdrup Pema money) (54%) 8% Gatshel Jongkhar 5% • 6% Tashi Samtse Yangste 6% 5% Paro Community Safety 6% Bumthang Family (7%) vitality (4%) 5% Wangdue Mongar Haa Phodrang 5% 5% 5% Community Punakha Trongsa Lhuntse Zhemgang relationship 5% 5% 5% 5% (37%) Weights: Higher on donations and safety
Proportion having insufficiency in Community vitality indicators Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in community relationship Donations Gasa Tsirang Mongar Sarpang (time & 1% 3% 4% 3% money) (54%) Lhuntse Thimphu 4% Samdrup 10% Tashigang Jongkhar 4% 7% Chukha 8% Tashi Yangste Family Community Safety 4% (7%) vitality (4%) • Dagana 5% Bumthang 6% Community Zhemgang Paro 5% relationship 6% (37%) Pema Gatshel Haa 5% Trongsa Wangdue 5% 5% Phodrang Samtse Punakha 5% Weights: Higher on 5% 5% donations and safety
Proportion having insufficiency in Community vitality indicators Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in donations (time & money) Gasa Tashigang Dagana Donations 2% 4% 4% Tsirang (time & 4% money) (54%) Thimphu 8% Sarpang Chukha 4% Samdrup 8% Pema Jongkhar Gatshel 6% 5% Tashi Family Community Samtse Yangste (7%) vitality Safety • 6% 5% (4%) Paro Bumthang 6% 5% Wangdue Community Mongar Phodrang relationship Haa 5% 5% 5% Zhemgang (37%) Punakha 5% Trongsa 5% Lhuntse 5% 5% Weights: Higher on donations and safety
Some Next Steps:  Send GNH analyses of Dzongkhags and domains to Dzongkhag Administrations and Ministries  Review Dzongkhag policies to see if adjustments are useful to increase GNH.  Review sectorial policies to see if adjustments are useful to increase GNH.  Probe cross-cutting questions, such as: Why are farmers and housewives least happy? How can they be supported?  Undertake holistic studies of key problem areas, drawing on existing analyses and new insights.  Promote national citizen dialogue on ‘what is GNH’; share definitions, domains, and examples.
Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
0% 100% 120% 20% 40% 60% 80% Value Safety Speak native language Family Disability Mental health Urbanization issues Responsibility towards… Life satisfaction Government performance Healthy days Assets Self reported health status Ecological issues Sleep Negative emotions Community relationship Fundamental rights Artisan skills Driglam Namzha Percentage of people enjoying sufficiency Positive emotions Wildlife damage (Rural) Political participation Household per capita income Spirituality Literacy Housing Donations (time & money) Work Services Schooling How do we sustain what we already have? Cultural participation Knowledge
Sustaining GNH: key priorities  The GNH is constructed of 33 indicators covering the 9 elements of the GNH.  Think of these as nine offering bowls. To be fully happy, six or more bowls should be full for every person.  In future years, the indicators may shift slightly to improve the accuracy of the GNH Index in certain domains, but the nine bowls will be the same.
What does this mean for me? As a person, think of each of the nine domains in your life. Which bowls are full? Which are empty? How can you fill the empty bowls more? Think of your family, your friends: how can you help them to fill their offering bowls? Think of your responsibilities at work or at home or at school: how can you help fill all nine offering bowls for other people?
What does this mean for policy? All government projects and policies are to work together to maximize the GNH Index in Bhutan. For example, a school advances ‘education’. But it can also help children fill other bowls. It can teach values and so fill the ‘community’ bowl, and teach skills so improve the income component of the ‘living standards’ bowl in the future. For example, a hospital advances ‘health’. But it can also help patients to learn to meditate, and so help fill people with ‘culture’ and enhance psychological well-being; it can have green trees and so fill ‘ecology’. A road will fill ‘living standards’. But maybe the community should also talk about how they will respond to the influences that the road will bring wisely, so that they can keep their bowls of ‘community vitality’ and ‘culture’ full. Business managers may consider how they can not only advance ‘living standards’ but also how they can offer their employees’ family life, psychological well-being, care for ecology, and embody good governance.
Sustaining GNH: key priorities  Intentionally support existing GNH achievements that are valued from erosion due to cultural change.  Incorporate GNH index questions into more regular surveys, to ensure timely detection of erosion.  Prepare materials for different ages, region, and occupational groups of Bhutanese on how to increase GNH for oneself, with examples
The 2010 Gross National Happiness Index : Part III The Centre for Bhutan Studies 2011

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Part 3 2

  • 1.
    The 2010 GrossNational Happiness Index : Part III The Centre for Bhutan Studies 2011
  • 2.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 3.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 4.
    The GNH Indexis formulated to provide an incentive to Increase Happiness. Civil servants, business leaders, and citizens of Bhutan may ask, ‘how can I help to increase GNH?’ The GNH Index can help them answer this question in practical ways.
  • 5.
    Increasing GNH “Our nation‟sVision can only be fulfilled if the scope of our dreams and aspirations are matched by the reality of our commitment to nurturing our future citizens.” HM Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the 5th King of Bhutan
  • 6.
    Increasing GNH ToIncrease happiness, we need to ask a new set of questions. We have to identify people who are not yet happy. And we have to ask, where do they lack sufficiency? What must more be done? This analysis is of direct relevance for policy.
  • 7.
    National GNH Index:.743 using the happiness threshold of 66%
  • 8.
    GNH Index byincome group (Household per capita income) 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 GNH Index increases with income per capita 0.75 • Bhutan still has a significant 0.7 share of people not able to 0.65 meet basic physical needs • some relationship is 0.6 organic, because income is an 0.55 indicator measured in the 0.5 GNH Index and is also correlated with assets, housing, and education.
  • 9.
    National headcount ratio: 59% of Bhutanese do not fulfil the threshold of being happy in 6 or more than 6 domains. According to the GNH Index, they are „not-yet-happy‟.
  • 10.
    Of course, happinessis deeply personal. Some of these people may regard themselves as fully flourishing. That is why we need to discuss GNH widely in Bhutan.
  • 11.
    National Breadth (Lack of sufficiency): Of the Bhutanese who are unhappy, on average they have insufficiency in 43% of the domains (roughly equal to 4 domains)
  • 12.
    Proportion of peopledeprived/unhappy 3,76,975 59% 60% 1,66,124 Indicator: 50% Psychological wellbeing, Healt 1,46,956 h, Time 40% use, Culture, Ec 26% ology, Commun ity 30% 23% vitality, Good Governance and Living 20% Indicator: standards Indicator: Health, Educatio Consumption n and Living 10% per capita Standards 0% National Poverty line Multidimensional Gross National 2007 Poverty Index 2010 Happiness Index 2010 .
  • 13.
    0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 30% Life satisfaction Positive emotions Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health… Healthy days Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Value Knowledge % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Services Political participation Donations (time &… Community relationship Family Safety vary? Ecological issues Responsibility… unhappy people. Wildlife damage (Rural) higher, it means that Urbanization issues % insufficiency amongst the happy When the blue bars are Life satisfaction is much First, a birds eye view of Assets happy vs unhappy people. How do their achievements higher among the unhappy. For example, insufficiency in insufficiency is higher among Household per capita… Housing
  • 14.
    0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 30% Life satisfaction Positive emotions Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health… Healthy days Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Value Knowledge % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Let’s look further. Services Political participation Donations (time &… Community relationship Family have less sufficiency than unhappy. Safety Ecological issues Responsibility… But some are relatively close; others very different. Wildlife damage (Rural) Urbanization issues % insufficiency amongst the happy Assets Across all indicators we see that there is no indicator in which Household per capita… orange bars are higher than blue – none in which ‘happy’ people Housing
  • 15.
    0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 30% Life satisfaction 100% Positive emotions Negative emotions well-being Spirituality Self reported health status Healthy days Psychological Health Disability Mental health Work Sleep Time Use Schooling Literacy Value % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Knowledge Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Government performance Fundamental rights Services Political participation well- that the Donations (time & money) Looking at have higher insufficiency. psychological Community relationship d time, we see The groups are closest in sleep. being, health, an ‘unhappy’ always Family % insufficiency amongst
  • 16.
    Schooling Literacy Value e unhappy Education Knowledge Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Culture Driglam Namzha Government performance Fundamental rights Services Political participation Governance Donations (time & money) Community relationship Family Safety Ecological issues Responsibility towards… % insufficiency amongst the happy Wildlife damage (Rural) Urbanization issues Assets Household per capita income Housing In e, and highest Driglam Political Both have education. Namzha, and participation. different in of deprivations in groups are least governance, the Value, Language, education, cultur
  • 17.
    In % insufficiency amongst the happy community, ecol ogy, and living standard, the Community Ecology Living strong Standard differences are in wildlife damage and in living standard. Happy people’s insufficiencies in Responsibility towards… Housing Assets Ecological issues Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Wildlife damage (Rural) Donations (time & money) Household per capita income Community relationship Urbanization issues Safety Services Family Political participation Government performance community and ecology are otherwise rather close and in urbanization, alm ost equal.
  • 18.
    0% 10% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 30% Life satisfaction Positive emotions Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health… Healthy days Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Value Knowledge % insufficiency amongst the unhappy Artisan skills Speak native language Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Fundamental rights Services Political participation Donations (time &… Community relationship Family Safety Ecological issues Responsibility… Next we analyse the blue bars – the insufficiencies of unhappy people – and ask, how can we reduce them? Wildlife damage (Rural) Urbanization issues % insufficiency amongst the happy Assets Household per capita… Housing
  • 19.
    Health is thelowest Percentage contribution to unhappiness contributor to Health unhappiness followed 6% Education Community by community vitality 16% vitality Education is the 7% highest contributor to Ecological unhappiness diversity and resilience 8% Living standards 14% Psychological wellbeing 11% Time use 14% Good Cultural diversity Governance and resilience 13% 11%
  • 20.
    Domain contribution tounhappiness Communi Health Education Contribution of Education indicators to ty vitality 6% Ecological 7% 16% unhappiness diversity and resilience Living 8% standards Knowledge Psycholog 14% 15.0% 6.2% ical wellbeing Schooling 11% Time use Cultural 14% 10.0% 4.8% Literacy diversity Good and Governan Value resilience ce 5.0% 4.2% 11% 13% 0.2% 0.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 58% 60% 45% 39% 40% 20% 2% 0% Value Literacy Schooling Knowledge
  • 21.
    Domain contribution tounhappiness Communi Health Contribution of Living standard indicators to ty vitality 7% 6% Education 16% unhappiness Ecological diversity and 14.0% Housing resilience 8% Living standards 5.7% Psycholog 14% ical 9.0% Household per wellbeing 11% Time use 5.1% capita income Cultural 14% diversity Good 4.0% Assets and resilience Governan ce 2.8% 11% 13% -1.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 39% 35% 40% 30% 19% 20% 10% 0% Assets Household per Housing capita income
  • 22.
    Contribution of Timeuse indicators Contribution of Good Governance to unhappiness indicators to unhappiness Services 15.0% Political 100% 7.2% participation 80% 8.7% 10.0% 60% Work Fundamental 4.6% rights 40% Sleep 5.0% 4.8% 1.1% Government 20% 0.0% 0.6% performance 0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 59% 50% 40% 43% 38% 40% 30% 22% 21% 20% 10% 0% Government Fundamental Political Services Sleep Work performance rights participation
  • 23.
    Cultural diversity andresilience indicators to Psychological wellbeing indicators to unhappiness unhappiness Cultural Spirituality participation 12.0% 10.0% Artisan skills 4.9% Life satisfaction 10.0% 5.6% 8.0% 8.0% 6.0% Driglam 6.0% 2.2% Positive 3.3% Namzha emotions 4.0% 4.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.1% Speak native Negative 0.3% 2.0% 1.8% 0.0% language emotions 0.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 43% 34% 45% 35% 29% 40% 25% 35% 24% 30% 25% 30% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 3% 20% 15% 5% 0% 15% 10% 5% 0% Life Negative Positive Spirituality satisfaction emotions emotions
  • 24.
    Community vitality indicatorsto Ecological diversity and resilience unhappiness indicators to unhappiness Donations (time Wildlife & money) 10.0% damage (Rural) 8.0% Community 8.0% Urbanization 6.0% 4.5% relationship 6.0% 5.5% issues Family 4.0% 4.0% Ecological 2.1% 1.5% 2.0% Safety 2.0% issues 0.8% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% Responsibility towards environment Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 34% 35% 32% 35% 30% 24% 25% 30% 20% 25% 19% 20% 15% 15% 9% 11% 10% 6% 3% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% Safety Family Community Donations Urbanization Responsibility Ecological Wildlife relationship (time & issues towards issues damage money) environment (Rural)
  • 25.
    Domain contribution tounhappiness Communi Health Contribution of Health indicators to ty vitality 7% 6% Education 16% unhappiness Ecological diversity and Healthy days resilience Living 8% standards 6.0% Psycholog 14% 2.4% Mental health ical 5.0% wellbeing 11% Time use 4.0% Cultural 14% 1.6% Disability diversity Good 3.0% and resilience Governan ce 2.0% 1.2% 11% 13% 1.0% 0.9% Self reported health status 0.0% Percentage of people who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency 18% 20% 20% 12% 15% 9% 10% 5% 0% Disability Mental health Healthy days Self reported health status
  • 26.
    0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Spirituality wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Negative emotions Life satisfaction Self reported health status Health Healthy days Mental health Disability use Sleep Time Work Knowledge Schooling Education Literacy Value Cultural participation and Driglam Namzha Cultural diversity resilience Artisan skills Speak native language Services Political participation Good Fundamental rights Governance Government performance Donations (time & money) whether they are happy or not yet happy. Community relationship vitality Family Community Safety Wildlife damage (Rural) and Ecological issues diversity resilience Ecological Responsibility towards… Total percentage of people who lack sufficiency in the indicators – Urbanization issues Housing Living Household per capita income standards Assets
  • 27.
    Total percentage ofpeople who lack sufficiency More than 50% of the 100.0% Bhutanese are insufficient in 90.0% 3 of the 4 indicators of 80.0% Education. 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Education Ecolog Psychological Time Cultural diversi wellbeing use diversity and Health and Good Community resilien resilience Governance vitality
  • 28.
    Literacy Schooling Literate Illterate HS education Diploma/Cer Bachelors (till degree tificate, 0.69 Degree, 2.45 Post 2nd yr), 4.21 Graduate, 0. 48 MS education (X), 7.50 LS education 46% (VIII), 5.36 54% Primary No formal education education, 6 (VI), 13.75 5.56
  • 29.
    Knowledge Knowledge of locallegends and folk tales Knowledge and understanding in local Good tshechus and festivals 10% Very good Very good Good 2% 2% 10% Very poor Average 37% Very poor 23% Average 23% 37% Poor Poor 28% 28% Knowledge and understanding in traditional Bhutanese songs Very good 4% Good Very poor 17% 32% Average 22% Poor 25%
  • 30.
    Knowledge (contd.) Knowledge and understanding on Knowledge of Constitution transmission of HIV/AIDS Not at all Very good 5% 2% Good Good 12% understan Just heard Very poor ding of it 33% 31% 21% Average 24% Some understan Poor ding 29% 43%
  • 31.
    Total percentage ofpeople who lack sufficiency 100.0% More than 40% of the 90.0% Bhutanese are insufficient in 2 of the 4 indicators of Good 80.0% Governance 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Education Ecolog Psychological Time Cultural diversi wellbeing use diversity and Health and Good Community resilien resilience Governance vitality
  • 32.
    Services River, pond, Spring lake, streams Source of water 2% Very Quality of drinking water Poor , rainwater Unprotected poor 5% 2% Others well 2% Neither 0% 0% Protect well good 1% nor poor Piped-in dwelling Public 10% 25% outdoor tap 21% Very good 38% Piped water outside house Good 49% 45% Dump Dump in on open Waste disposal method forest air Others 1% Dump in 1% 1% rivers/strea Municipal ms garbage 1% pick-up Composting 15% 26% Burning 55%
  • 33.
    Ele Do you have electricity in your Distance to nearest health care ctri household? centre city 0% More than No 60 mins or 60 mins 28% less than 60 walk to mins walk nearest to nearest health care health care centre centre 37% Yes 63% 72%
  • 34.
    Political participation Will you participate in the next In the past 12 months, how many No general election? times have you attended zomdues 4% Don' (meetings)? know 3% Never 37% Once or more Yes 63% 93%
  • 35.
    Fundamental rights Doyou feel that you have right to Do you feel you have the right to freedom of speech and opinion? Don't vote? Don't No know No know 8% 1% 1% 1% Yes Yes 91% 98% Do you feel you have the right to join Do you feel you have the right to political party of your choice? form tshogpa? Don't Don't know No know No 2% 6% 5% 12% Yes Yes 92% 83%
  • 36.
    Do you haveright to equal access Do you have right to equal pay and apportunity to join public for work of equal value? service? Don't Don't know No know No 3% 12% 4% 15% Yes Yes 85% 81% Are you free from discrimination based on race, sex, raligion language etc.? Don't know No 2% 12% Yes 86%
  • 37.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 38.
    Percentage of not-yet-happypeople by district Higher percentage of not-yet-happy people Lower percentage of not-yet-happy people
  • 39.
    Domain contribution tounhappiness Paro Psychological wellbeing Sarpang Dagana Health Tsirang Punakha Haa Time use Thimphu Gasa Education Zhemgang Chukha Wangdue… Cultural diversity and resilience Bumthang Samtse Good Governance Mongar Pema Gatshel Community vitality Tashigang Lhuntse Tashi Yangste Ecological diversity and Trongsa resilience Samdrup Jongkhar Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% .
  • 40.
    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Life satisfaction Spirituality wellbeing Negative emotions Psychological Positive emotions Disability Mental health Health Self reported health status Healthy days Sleep use Time Work Value Paro Literacy Schooling Education Knowledge Speak native language and Driglam Namzha Cultural Artisan skills diversity resilience Cultural participation Government performance Fundamental rights Good Political participation Governance Services Samdrup Jongkhar Safety Family vitality Community relationship Community Donations (time & money) Ecological issues and Responsibility towards… diversity resilience Ecological Urbanization issues Wildlife damage (Rural) Household per capita… Living Assets standards Housing Percentage of Bhutanese who are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in indicators .
  • 41.
    Percentage of not-yet-happypeople 0.9 Population in hundred thousands 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 .
  • 42.
    Pema Thimphu Punakha, 9,278 Haa, 6,198 Where do the Gatshel, 9,108 Chukha Gasa, 1,681 unhappy Samtse people live? Dagana, 9,431 Tashigang Samdrup Jongkhar Thimphu Trongsa, 9,567 Mongar and Chukha Bumthang, 9,734 Sarpang are home to Tsirang, 9,760 Thimphu, 52,910 Wangdue Phodrang the highest Lhuntse, 10,432 Paro number of Zhemgang, 10,54 Tashi Yangste unhappy 4 Chukha, 42,431 Zhemgang people…. Tashi Lhuntse Note Chukha Yangste, 12,124 Paro, 16,886 Tsirang and Samtse, 36,574 Bumthang Thimphu Trongsa also house Wangdue Dagana the highest Phodrang, 18,646 Punakha number of Pema Gatshel happy Sarpang, 20,231 people! Tashigang, 34,168 Haa They are big Mongar, 23,034 Samdrup Gasa dzongkhags. Jongkhar, 30,450
  • 43.
    Average insufficiencies amongstthe not-yet-happy Those living in Samdrup Jongkhar, Lhuentse, Tashi Yangste, and Trongsa experience insufficiency in the most indicators at the same time. Higher insufficiencies Lower insufficiencies
  • 44.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 45.
    70% 63% 50% 60% 44% 42% 50% More unhappy people in rural 40% areas! Rural 30% Urban 20% 10% 0% Percentage of not-yet- Average insufficiency happy .
  • 46.
    67% 70% InRural areas, not- yet-happy people‟s 60% 55% average „shortfall‟ 43% 41% 50% about the same is as urban shortfall. 40% Rural This 30% is good news. Urban It 20% suggests less disparity in 10% unhappiness by region. 0% Percentage of unhappy Average insufficiency people .
  • 47.
    Contribution of thedomains to Unhappiness at the national level, for urban areas and for rural areas 100% 16% 15% 12% 90% Education 7% 80% 15% 14% Living standards 15% 70% 14% Time use 60% 13% 16% Good Governance 50% 13% 13% 12% Psychological 40% 11% 11% wellbeing 30% 14% Cultural diversity and 11% 11% resilience 20% 8% Ecological diversity 8% 8% 5% and resilience 10% 6% 6% Health 7% 11% 6% 0% Community vitality Rural National Urban .
  • 48.
    Contribution of thedomains to Unhappiness at the national level, for urban areas and for rural areas 100% 16% 15% 12% 90% Education 7% 80% 15% 14% Living standards 15% 70% 14% Time use 60% 13% 16% Good Governance 50% 13% 13% 12% Psychological 40% 11% 11% wellbeing 30% Urban Areas have 14% Cultural diversity and highest insufficiency in 11% 11% resilience 20% Governance, Time 8% 8% Ecological diversity 8% use, and Culture. 5% and resilience 10% 6% 6% Health 7% 11% 6% 0% Community vitality Rural National Urban .
  • 49.
    Contribution of thedomains to Unhappiness at the national level, for urban areas and for rural areas 100% 16% 15% 12% 90% Education 7% 80% 15% 14% Living standards 15% 70% 14% Time use 60% 13% 16% Good Governance 50% 13% 13% 12% Psychological 40% 11% 11% wellbeing 30% Rural Areas have 14% Cultural diversity and 11% 11% resilience highest 20% 8% Ecological diversity 8% 8% insufficiency in 5% and resilience 10% 6% 6% Education and Health 7% 11% Living Standards. 6% 0% Community vitality Rural National Urban .
  • 50.
    Percentage of Bhutanesewho are not yet happy and lack sufficiency in Education and Good Governance indicators Value Government Literacy performance Political Rural Schooling participation Urban National Fundamental Knowledge rights Services .
  • 51.
    Percentage of Bhutanesewho are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in Cultural diversity and resilience and Community vitality indicators Safety 50% Cultural 40% Family participation 30% 20% 10% Community Rural Artisan skills 0% relationship Urban National Donations (time & Driglam Namzha money) Speak native language .
  • 52.
    Percentage of Bhutanesewho are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in Living standards indicators Assets 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% National 0% Rural Urban Household Housing per capita income .
  • 53.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 54.
    GNH Index bygender 0.8 0.78 0.783 0.76 0.74 0.737 0.72 0.704 0.7 0.68 0.66 Female National Male .
  • 55.
    Significant tests forGNH indices for gender 0.800 0.780 0.760 0.740 0.720 0.700 0.680 Lower 0.660 boundary Male Female GNH index Upper boundary .
  • 56.
    67% 70% 60% 51% 67% of women are unhappy. 44% 50% 42% About 51% of 40% men are Male 30% unhappy. Female 20% 10% 0% Percentage of not-yet-happy Average insufficiency people
  • 57.
    67% 70% Not-yet-happy 51% 60% people‟s average 44% 42% „shortfall‟ (lack 50% 40% sufficiency) is of Male the almost same 30% Female for men and 20% women. 10% 0% Percentage of unhappy Average insufficiency people
  • 58.
    Contribution of thedomains to unhappiness by gender Health Community vitality 6% 8% 8% 11% 11% 13% 13% 13% 16% Ecological diversity and Female resilience Psychological wellbeing Cultural diversity and resilience Good Governance 5% 7% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% Male Time use Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Education The contribution to unhappiness in men and women by the respective domains is similar
  • 59.
    Percentage of Bhutanesewho are not-yet-happy and lack sufficiency in Health and Psychological wellbeing indicators Disability 40% Life satisfaction 30% Mental health 20% 10% Male Negative Female 0% Healthy days emotions National Positive Self reported emotions health status Spirituality
  • 60.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 61.
    GNH Index byage group 0.8 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.7 0.68 GNH is highest among those 0.66 aged 21-25 0.64 0.62 0.6 <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65 .
  • 62.
    Domain contribution tounhappiness by age group Psychological wellbeing 61-65 9% 9% 11% 18% 10% 7% 15% 56-60 10% 8% 14% 17% 10% 6% 15% Health 51-55 10% 8% 14% 17% 10% 6% 14% Time use 46-50 11% 6% 14% 17% 10% 6% 15% Education 41-45 10% 5% 16% 16% 11% 6% 14% 11% 6% 14% 16% 11% 7% 14% Cultural diversity and 36-40 resilience 31-35 11% 5% 15% 15% 11% 8% 13% Good Governance 26-30 12% 4% 14% 14% 13% 9% 12% Community vitality 21-25 12% 4% 14% 12% 13% 10% 11% Ecological diversity and <=20 13% 4% 11% 11% 14% 11% 13% resilience Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Young people are better educated, healthier, and have relatively good living standards. Older people do better in culture, governance, community, and psychological well-being. .
  • 63.
    Percentage of thenot-yet-happy in Psychological wellbeing indicators 45% 41% Spirituality 40% 37% 37% Positive emotions 36% 35% 35% 34% Negative emotions 30% 30% 29% 28% 27% 27% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
  • 64.
    Percentage of thenot-yet-happy in Health indicators 45% 40% Self reported health status 35% Healthy days Disability 30% Mental health 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
  • 65.
    Percentage of thenot-yet-happy in Community vitality indicators 80% Donationa (time & money) 70% Community relationship Family 60% Safety 50% 40% The not-yet happy still have very 30% high and stable achievements in family and safety – except the 20% very young. Community decreases with age. 10% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
  • 66.
    Percentage of thenot-yet-happy in Community vitality indicators 70% Work Sleep 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% <=20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 >65
  • 67.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 68.
    Percentage of not-yet-happy Note: results are illustrative only GNH Index Average insufficiency amongst the not-yet-happy 90% 81% 80% 73% 70% 64% 60% 58% 50% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Never married Married Divorced Separated Widowed
  • 69.
    Contribution of domainsto unhappiness by marital status Widowed 10% 9% 11% 18% 9% 13% 6% 8% 15% Psychological wellbeing Health Separated 10% 9% 11% 16% 11% 13% 8% 9% 14% Time use Education Divorced 11% 7% 13% 16% 9% 14% 8% 8% 14% Cultural diversity and resilience Married Good Governance 11% 6% 14% 16% 11% 13% 7% 8% 14% Community vitality Never married 12% 5% 12% 11% 15% 15% 9% 9% 11% Ecological diversity and resilience Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
  • 70.
    Contribution of domainsto unhappiness by marital status Widowed 10% 9% 11% 18% 9% 13% 6% 8% 15% Psychological wellbeing The contrast between Health married, divorced, separ Separated 10% 9% 11% 16% 11% 13% 8% 9% 14% ated, and widowed is Time use not very big. Education Divorced 11% 7% 13% 16% 9% 14% 8% 8% 14% Widowed and Divorced enjoy a little lessand Cultural diversity resilience culture. Married Good Governance 11% 6% 14% 16% 11% 13% 7% 8% 14% Never married to show aCommunityprofile of different vitality deprivations Never married 12% 5% 12% 11% 15% 15% 9% 9% 11% Ecological diversity and resilience Living standards 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
  • 71.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 72.
    Note: The surveyis not representative by occupational group, and some of the occupational categories are very small. So these results must be understood to be ‘illustrative’ but not definitive. Further research would be required to verify their accuracy.
  • 73.
    Percentage of not-yet-happypeople GNH Index Average insufficiency amongst the not-yet-happy people 1 0.9 88% 0.8 69% 0.7 0.6 56% 58% 51% 53% 49% 50% 0.5 41% 42% 0.4 37% 27% 29% 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 .
  • 74.
    Contribution of domainsto unhappiness by occupational status Psychological Civil servants 12% 4% 14% 8% 18% 18% 12% 5% wellbeing Monk/Anim 6% 14% 5% 16% 15% 16% 11% 17% Health GYT/DYT member 10% 7% 16% 16% 11% 10% 6% 13% Time use School… 13% 5% 11% 7% 17% 17% 12% 9% Trader/Shopkeep… 12% Education 5% 19% 13% 14% 14% 11% 5% Unemployed 15% 4% 11% 10% 15% 19% 12% 8% Cultural diversity and Gomchen 6% 8% 11% 13% 7% 16% 8% 20% resilience Good Corporate employee 10% 5% 17% 10% 15% 17% 11% 9% Governance RBG/RBA/RBP 10% 3% 20% 12% 15% 16% 10% 9% Community vitality Others 11% 4% 14% 15% 14% 15% 9% 12% Ecological House wife 12% 6% 13% 15% 11% 16% 12% 8% diversity and resilience Farmer 11% 6% 13% 17% 10% 12% 6% 16% Living standards National Work… 10% 4% 16% 16% 11% 18% 9% 12% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
  • 75.
    Percentage of thenot-yet-happy in some of the Psychological wellbeing indicators - monk/anim have lowest insufficiencies. 50% 45% Positive emotions 40% Negative emotions 35% Spirituality 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
  • 76.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 77.
    Who can increaseGNH? •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
  • 78.
    Individuals are linkedout •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
  • 79.
    Communties affect others •Lifesatisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
  • 80.
    And so doesgovernment •Life satisfaction •Positive emotions •Negative emotions • Political participation Community effort • Services •Self reported health •Number of healthy days • Government performance •Disability • Donations • Fundamental rights •Mental health •Safety • Literacy •Work •Community relationship •Schooling •Sleep •Cultural participation •Knowledge •Responsibility towards •Wildlife damage •Value environment •Driglam Namzha •Zorig Chusum skills •Speak native language •Assets •Urban issues •Housing •Ecological issues •Family •Household per capita income Government effort Individual/House hold effort
  • 81.
    GNH is createdwhen different groups work to do what they do best. Meaningful Government/ work, services, products Corporation/ Private Community/ Meaningful Civil society/ relationships, collective action, models Religious Sharing, relationships, a uthentic self- Individual/ direction, shaping own happiness Household
  • 82.
    GNH Index highlights-Education  Education is the highest contributor to unhappiness as per GNH Index  Bhutanese have more than 50% insufficiency in 3 of the 4 indicators  The highest insufficiency being in the knowledge indicator. Bhutanese experience low levels of knowledge in cultural & historical aspects of the country & in health and politics.
  • 83.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Education indicators • Knowledge comprises of 4-sub indicators which are observed to be relatively low in the country Schooling (45%) irrespective of any demographic characters Value Literacy Education (52%) (3%) Weights: Schooling and literacy higher weights •Knowledge of local legends and folk stories Knowledge •Knowledge of local tshechus (93%) • Knowledge of traditional Bhutanese songs • Knowledge of Constitution •Knowledge of HIV/AIDS
  • 84.
    Education is thehighest contributor to unhappiness Proportion having insufficiency in Education indicators Schooling (45%) • Literacy and schooling are • conventional indicators for which policies are already in lined for its advancement Value Literacy Education (52%) (3%) Weights: Schooling and literacy higher weights •Knowledge of local legends and folk stories Knowledge •Knowledge of local tshechus (93%) • Knowledge of traditional Bhutanese songs • Knowledge of Constitution •Knowledge of HIV/AIDS
  • 85.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Percentage of people who lack Living standard indicators sufficiency in housing Haa Trongsa Bumthang 2% 2% 2% Gasa 1% Tsirang Zhemgang 3% Household per Tashigang 3% Paro 12% capita income (47%) 3% Sarpang Samtse 4% 11% Lhuntse • 4% Living Mongar Punakha standards 10% 4% Chukha Dagana 7% 4% Tashi Yangste Assets Housing 5% Samdrup Pema (26%) (54%) Jongkhar Wangdue Gatshel Thimphu Phodrang 7% 5% 6% 5% •Roofing •Toilet Weights: •Overcrowding all equal
  • 86.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Good Governance indicators Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in political participation Gasa Tsirang Dagana 1% Tashi Government 2% Yangste 3% performance Tashigang 3% Pema (21%) 4% Thimphu Gatshel 13% 4% Wangdue Chukha Phodrang 10% 4% • Samdrup Sarpang Jongkhar 4% Political 6% Mongar participation Good Services Paro 4% Governance (59%) (43%) 6% Punakha Haa 4% 6% Bumthang Samtse 4% 5% Trongsa Lhuntse Zhemgang 5% 5% 5% Fundamental rights (38%) Weights: Higher on services & participation
  • 87.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Good Governance indicators Percentage of people who lack Government sufficiency in services performance Gasa Sarpang Thimphu Samdrup 2% 3% 3% (21%) Jongkhar Haa Pema Tashi 7% 3% Gatshel Yangste 7% 5% Samtse Paro 6% 5% • Lhuntse Bumthang 5% Political Good Services 6% participation Punakha Governance (59%) (43%) Tsirang 5% 6% Chukha Dagana 5% 6% Tashigang 5% Wangdue Phodrang Zhemgang Trongsa Mongar 6% 6% 5% 5% Fundamental rights (38%) Weights: Higher on services & participation
  • 88.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Good Governance indicators Government performance (21%) Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in fundamental rights Sarpang Tsirang Haa 1%Gasa 2% 4% 2% Punakha Samdrup 4% Political Jongkhar Good Services Pema Zhemgang participation 9% Governance (59%) Gatshel 4% (43%) 8% Samtse 5% • Lhuntse 8% Chukha 5% Bumthang 7% Dagana 5% Fundamental rights (38%) Paro Tashigang 5% Weights: 6% Thimphu Wangdue Higher on services 6% Tashi Trongsa Phodrang Yangste Mongar & participation 5% 5% 5% 5%
  • 89.
    Percentage of peoplewho lack Proportion having insufficiency in sufficiency in cultural Cultural diversity and resilience indicators participation Percentage of people who lack • Urban sufficiency in cultural participation Gasa Tashigang Tashi 26% 2% 3% Yangste Sarpang 4% Rural Chukha 74% 4% Pema 7% Samtse Gatshel Thimphu 7% 4% 6% Trongsa 4% Dagana Speak native •6% Paro language 5% (5%) Wangdue Phodrang Mongar 6% 5% Cultural Lhuntse Cultural Artisan Bumthang Haa diversity 5% participation skills 5% 5% and (67%) (38%) Samdrup Tsirang resilience Jongkhar Zhemgang Punakha 5% 5% 5% 5% Driglam Namzha Weights: Higher on (40%) language and participation
  • 90.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Percentage of people who lack Community vitality indicators sufficiency in donations (time & money) Gasa Tashigang 2% 4% Dagana Tsirang 4% 4% Thimphu Donations Sarpang 8% (time & Chukha 4% Samdrup Pema money) (54%) 8% Gatshel Jongkhar 5% • 6% Tashi Samtse Yangste 6% 5% Paro Community Safety 6% Bumthang Family (7%) vitality (4%) 5% Wangdue Mongar Haa Phodrang 5% 5% 5% Community Punakha Trongsa Lhuntse Zhemgang relationship 5% 5% 5% 5% (37%) Weights: Higher on donations and safety
  • 91.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Community vitality indicators Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in community relationship Donations Gasa Tsirang Mongar Sarpang (time & 1% 3% 4% 3% money) (54%) Lhuntse Thimphu 4% Samdrup 10% Tashigang Jongkhar 4% 7% Chukha 8% Tashi Yangste Family Community Safety 4% (7%) vitality (4%) • Dagana 5% Bumthang 6% Community Zhemgang Paro 5% relationship 6% (37%) Pema Gatshel Haa 5% Trongsa Wangdue 5% 5% Phodrang Samtse Punakha 5% Weights: Higher on 5% 5% donations and safety
  • 92.
    Proportion having insufficiencyin Community vitality indicators Percentage of people who lack sufficiency in donations (time & money) Gasa Tashigang Dagana Donations 2% 4% 4% Tsirang (time & 4% money) (54%) Thimphu 8% Sarpang Chukha 4% Samdrup 8% Pema Jongkhar Gatshel 6% 5% Tashi Family Community Samtse Yangste (7%) vitality Safety • 6% 5% (4%) Paro Bumthang 6% 5% Wangdue Community Mongar Phodrang relationship Haa 5% 5% 5% Zhemgang (37%) Punakha 5% Trongsa 5% Lhuntse 5% 5% Weights: Higher on donations and safety
  • 93.
    Some Next Steps: Send GNH analyses of Dzongkhags and domains to Dzongkhag Administrations and Ministries  Review Dzongkhag policies to see if adjustments are useful to increase GNH.  Review sectorial policies to see if adjustments are useful to increase GNH.  Probe cross-cutting questions, such as: Why are farmers and housewives least happy? How can they be supported?  Undertake holistic studies of key problem areas, drawing on existing analyses and new insights.  Promote national citizen dialogue on ‘what is GNH’; share definitions, domains, and examples.
  • 94.
    Part III: Increasing Happiness 1. GNH Index and Policy: concern for Unhappiness 2. Insufficiencies by Dzongkhag 3. Insufficiencies by region 4. Insufficiencies by gender 5. Insufficiencies by age group 6. Insufficiencies by marital status 7. Insufficiencies by occupational group 8. Policy recommendations 9. Sustaining GNH
  • 95.
    0% 100% 120% 20% 40% 60% 80% Value Safety Speak native language Family Disability Mental health Urbanization issues Responsibility towards… Life satisfaction Government performance Healthy days Assets Self reported health status Ecological issues Sleep Negative emotions Community relationship Fundamental rights Artisan skills Driglam Namzha Percentage of people enjoying sufficiency Positive emotions Wildlife damage (Rural) Political participation Household per capita income Spirituality Literacy Housing Donations (time & money) Work Services Schooling How do we sustain what we already have? Cultural participation Knowledge
  • 96.
    Sustaining GNH: keypriorities  The GNH is constructed of 33 indicators covering the 9 elements of the GNH.  Think of these as nine offering bowls. To be fully happy, six or more bowls should be full for every person.  In future years, the indicators may shift slightly to improve the accuracy of the GNH Index in certain domains, but the nine bowls will be the same.
  • 97.
    What does thismean for me? As a person, think of each of the nine domains in your life. Which bowls are full? Which are empty? How can you fill the empty bowls more? Think of your family, your friends: how can you help them to fill their offering bowls? Think of your responsibilities at work or at home or at school: how can you help fill all nine offering bowls for other people?
  • 98.
    What does thismean for policy? All government projects and policies are to work together to maximize the GNH Index in Bhutan. For example, a school advances ‘education’. But it can also help children fill other bowls. It can teach values and so fill the ‘community’ bowl, and teach skills so improve the income component of the ‘living standards’ bowl in the future. For example, a hospital advances ‘health’. But it can also help patients to learn to meditate, and so help fill people with ‘culture’ and enhance psychological well-being; it can have green trees and so fill ‘ecology’. A road will fill ‘living standards’. But maybe the community should also talk about how they will respond to the influences that the road will bring wisely, so that they can keep their bowls of ‘community vitality’ and ‘culture’ full. Business managers may consider how they can not only advance ‘living standards’ but also how they can offer their employees’ family life, psychological well-being, care for ecology, and embody good governance.
  • 99.
    Sustaining GNH: keypriorities  Intentionally support existing GNH achievements that are valued from erosion due to cultural change.  Incorporate GNH index questions into more regular surveys, to ensure timely detection of erosion.  Prepare materials for different ages, region, and occupational groups of Bhutanese on how to increase GNH for oneself, with examples
  • 100.
    The 2010 GrossNational Happiness Index : Part III The Centre for Bhutan Studies 2011