Ned workwise-week 4 508

1. New Ethical Dilemmas
Developing Professional
Competency in the Digital Age
Christina Boyd, LSCSW, LCAC
Gary Wareham, MA, LPC, LAC

2. Use of Social Media and
Potential Ethical Pitfalls
Week #4

3. Agenda-
Week #4
Welcome • Quick Check in
• Review Learning Activity
• Social Media
Presentation • Self Disclosure
• Privacy and Security
Considerations with COVID-19
• Preview of next week
• Learning Activity-Social Media
Summary
Policies
• Questions

4. Very hard to balance
right now…
Business as usual
and
Emergency response

5. How are you managing
the stress of the current
situation and all the
changes related to
technology in your life?
Polling Question

6. Learning Activity
Learning Activity
What stood out?
What did you think of the article?
What did you notice about your screen shot?

7. Social media is a broad
term that refers to online
forms of communicating
that any individual can
employ as opposed to
‘industrial media’ which
refers to professionally-
produced radio,
television, and film.
(Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010; http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/61162/social-media)

8. Examples of
Social
Network
Sites
•Facebook
•LinkedIn
•Instagram
•Pinterest
•Blogs
•Micro Blogs-Twitter
•Tic Tock
•Snapchat
•YouTube

9. S o m e w o u l d
t a k e t h e
p o s i t i o n t h a t
i n f o r m a t i o n
a b o u t s o c i a l
m e d i a s h o u l d
b e i n c l u d e d
i n s o c i a l
w o r k
c u r r i c u l a .
(
( (Ricciardelli 2020)

10. Ethics of
Self
Disclosure

11. Self-disclosure in psychotherapy is
defined as the revelation of
personal rather than professional
information by a psychotherapist
to a client.
(Zur et al., 2009))

12. All BHPs affirm the
importance of being
thoughtful and
intentional about
how they handle
issues of self
disclosure.
(Lehavot 2009))

13. "All disclosures
reflect decisions
about the
boundaries
between the
private self and
the outer
world.”
(Farber, 2006)

14. Self
Disclosure • Unintentional
• Deliberate
• Accidental
• Verbal
• Nonverbal
• Avoidable
• Unavoidable
• (Zur et al., 2009)

15. ( Zur, O. 2009).
Technology has
redefined the
process of
Self-Disclosure

16. “Nothing that enters cyberspace is ever
completely secure”
(Collins, 2007)

17. Behavioral
health
Behavioral Health
Professionals must be
aware that all of their
online postings, blogs, or
chats may be viewed by
their clients and will stay
online, in some form,
forever.
(Zur et al., 2009)

18. Interesting
professional and
ethical challenges
occur as the
distinctions between
private and public
information blurs.
(Behnke, 2008)

19. Remember from Week #1
Key Point
“The Online Disinhibition Effect”
Clinicians use of public digital
platforms can result in a
tendency to blur professional
and private boundaries.
(Sabin, 2017)

20. Overlapping relationships
What types of overlap happens in terms of Social Media?
What have you experienced/heard about?

21. Need to examine clinicians’ personal use of SNS outside of the
therapy hour & its impact on clinicians’ reputation & credibility
(Van Allen & Roberts, 2011)

22. Social Workers for
Example..
NASW, ASWB, CSWA, CSWE
Standards for Technology and Social Work
Practice-2017
Standard 2.10: Social Media Policy
Social workers who use social media
shall develop a social media policy that
they share with clients.
©2017 National Association of Social
Workers.All Rights Reserved.

23. Practitioners and Peers can use Social Media to:
• potentially improve health outcomes
• develop a professional network
• increase personal awareness of news
and discoveries
• motivate patients
• provide health information to the
community
Ventola, 2014

24. Should Behavioral
Health professionals
participate in social
network sites as a
private citizen?
Polling Question:

25. (Kaplan, Wade, Conteh, & Martz, 2011)
Many citations present the opinion that
engaging in friending and following
those whom we serve, supervise, teach,
or collect research data from crosses
appropriate boundary lines because it
implies a personal relationship

26. Things can be taken out of context
That can go both ways….

27. For example,
transparency in
communities may
involve increased
knowledge of a
clinician’s
whereabouts
(Nicholson, 2011)

28. Best Practices for Promoting e-Professionalism
• Do not share any clinically related information about patients,
families, working conditions, staff, colleagues, or incidents at
clinical settings.
• “Off-duty” conduct is just as likely to be scrutinized and
evaluated against professional standards.
• Know and follow explicit agency policies and restrictions for
cell phone use, photography, and electronic communications.
• Always consider your audience and the context of your
postings — others may misinterpret your meaning.
Westrick, 2016

29. • Stop and think before you post any information.
• Know and follow the social media policies of the
institution, clinical agency, and follow e-etiquette
principles for all professional communications.
• Do not discuss school- or work-related issues online,
including complaints about others. This includes not
criticizing or presenting unflattering images of your
educational institution, teachers, or fellow
classmates.
Westrick, 2016
Best Practices for promoting e-
Professionalism

30. Follow the
Elevator Rule…
if you wouldn’t
say it aloud in a
crowded elevator
don’t post it
online
Gagnon & Sabus, 2015

31. YouTube, Instagram and Snapchat are the most
popular online platforms among teens.
Fully 95% of teens have access to a
smartphone,
and 45% say they are online 'almost constantly’
(Pew February 2018)
Social Media

32. W o r k i n g w i t h
A d o l e s c e n t s
C L I N I C I A N S
H A V E A N
E T H I C A L
R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y
T O E X P L O R E
T E C H N O L O G Y
U S E W I T H T E E N
P A T I E N T S
( S U S S M A N 2 0 1 8 ) )

33. Responsibility
Health care professionals must be
knowledgeable about and open to
this new digital culture
Lannin & Scott, 2013

34. KEY POINT
Since clients are likely to use
SNSs it may be helpful for
counselors/therapists to
understand the phenomena
of SNSs, even if they do not
participate themselves.
(Myers et al., 2012)

35. Professional
associations and
licensing boards are now
immersed in efforts to
identify pertinent ethical
issues and develop
practical guidelines
regarding
technology/social media.
Reamer, 2015

36. Common examples of social media HIPAA violations:
• Posting verbal “gossip” about a patient to unauthorized
individuals, even if the name is not disclosed.
• Sharing of photographs, or any form of PHI without written
consent from a patient.
• A mistaken belief that posts are private or have been deleted
when they are still visible to the public.
• Sharing of seemingly innocent comments or pictures, such as
a workplace lunch which happens to have visible patient files
underneath.
Healthcare Compliance Pros

37. Just because we CAN,
SHOULD we?
Let’s TAKE A
Closer LOOK
at things
during
COVID-19….

38. CMS Guidelines update
FROM FAQ-
Question: Has CMS implemented any changes to help RHCs and
FQHCs respond to the serious public health threats posed by the
spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)?
Answer: Yes. CMS has removed some regulatory requirements and added
additional flexibilities to assist RHCs and FQHCs in furnishing services
during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Question: Are these changes permanent?
Answer: These changes are in effect for the duration of the PHE for the
COVID-19 pandemic and are not permanent.
https://www.cms.gov/files/document/03092020-covid-19-faqs-508.pdf

39. What might be some
things that we need to
discuss before using
Social Media Sites such
as Facebook
Messenger?

40. One other
thing…
The HIPAA Privacy Rule is
designed to be a minimum
level of protection. Some
states have even stricter laws
in place to protect your
personal health information.
https://www.apa.org/topics/ethics-confidentiality

41. Sneak Peek at Next
Week ….
Employer
and
Employee
Issues with
Technology
Today

42. Learning Activity
Week #4
Employee/Employer Considerations
Read the Article
Consider Questions
Research your own agency’s
social media policy and any
others you can find
Be prepared to discuss next
week!

43. Acknowledgments
Behnke, S. (2008). Ethics in the age of the Internet. APA Monitor on Psychology, 39(7), 74.
Collins, L. H. (2007). Practicing safer listserv use: Ethical use of an invaluable resource. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(6), 690-698.
Farber, B. (2006). Self-disclosure in psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Gagnon, K. & Sabus, C. (2015). Professionalism in a digital age: Opportunities and considerations for using social media in health care. American Physical Therapy Association, 95(2), 406-414.
Healthcare Compliance Pros. https://www.healthcarecompliancepros.com/blog/posting-with-caution-the-dos-and-donts-of-social-media-and-hipaa-compliance-2/
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. The Computer Language Company Inc. (2014). Encyclopedia. PC. Retrieved from
http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/
Lannin, D. G. & Scott, N. A. (2013, March 18). Social Networking Ethics: Developing Best Practices for the New Small World. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0031794
Lehavot, K. (2009). Is being exposed all bad? Implications of Internet self-disclosures for psychotherapists, clients, and graduate students. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(1), 28-29.
Myers, S. B., Endres, M. A., Ruddy, M. E., & Zelikovsky, N. (2012). Psychology graduate training in the era of online social networking. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 6(1), 28-36.
NASW 2017. https://www.socialworkers.org/includes/newIncludes/homepage/PRA-BRO-33617.TechStandards_FINAL_POSTING.pdf
Nicholson, I. R. (2011). New technology, old issues: Demonstrating the relevance of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists to the ever-sharper cutting edge of technology. Canadian Psychology, 52(3), 215-224.
Protecting your privacy: Understanding confidentiality.https://www.apa.org/topics/ethics-confidentiality
Reamer 2015. https://www.aswb.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/9amFri-Reamer-Ethical-and-Risk-Management-Issues.pdf
Ricciardelli et. al. 2020. Social media use, attitudes, and knowledge among social work students:Ethical implications for the social work profession. Social Sciences and Humanities Open.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291119300087?via%3Dihub
Sabin, J.E. & Harland, J.C. (2017). Professional ethics for digital age psychiatry: Boundaries, privacy, and communication,. Current Psychiatry Reports , 9, 55. DOI 10.1007/s11920-017-0815-5
Sussman, Nicole, DeJung, Sandra. Ethical Considerations for Mental Health Clinicians Workingwith Adolescents in the Digital Age. Current Psychiatry Reports(2018) 20: 113https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0974-z. Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Van Allen, J., & Roberts, M. (2011). Critical incidents in the marriage of psychology and technology: A discussion of potential ethical issues in practice, education, and policy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(6),
433-439.
Ventola. 2014. Social Media and Health Care Professionals: Benefits, Risks, and Best Practices. P T. 2014 Jul; 39(7): 491-499, 520
Westrick SJ. Nursing Students' Use of Electronic and Social Media: Law, Ethics, and E-Professionalism. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2016;37(1):16-22
Zur, O., Williams, M. H., Lehavot, K., & Knapp, S. (2009.) Psychotherapist self-disclosure and transparency in the Internet age. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(1), 22-30.