Issues in professional nursing

1. PRESENTATION 1
BUGEMA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
COURSE CODE : BNSC 4238
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: MR. POUL
STUDENT NAME: GRACE THADEI MSEMWA
REG NO: 20/BNS/BU/R/0003

2. OBJECTIVES
Collective bargaining based on issue in nursing profession under
• The overview
• Meaning of collective bargaining
• Characteristics of corrective bargaining
• Types of collective bargaining
• Preparation for collective bargaining

3. Objective cont.…
• Obstacles of collective bargaining
• Advantage and disadvantage of collective bargaining
 Industrial action
Political awareness
Important political awareness
Level of political political involvement

4. The overview
Nursing professionals in Africa deal with a number of unique challenges that
differ from those in other regions of the world. Some of the key issues that
nursing professionals in Africa face include:
• Low level of health literacy
• Lack of qualified nurses
• Cultural and religious diversity
• Limited access to medical equipment and supplies
• Overcrowding and lack of resources in health facilities

5. Cont.…
• Nurses in Africa face many of the same challenges , but they also face
unique challenges due to their regions culture and religious beliefs.
• For example, some African cultures frown on talking about mental health
issues, which can create difficulty for nurses when it comes to providing a
culturally sensitive care environment. Additionally, there is a shortage of
qualified nurses in Africa, meaning that nurses sometimes have to work in
overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.

6. Uganda and Tanzania
• In this area there is not enough research, however, its generally
known that nurses in Uganda and Tanzania face the number of
challenges such as low pay and insufficient resources.

7. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
• The term “collective bargaining” refers to the negotiation of
employment terms between an employer and a group of workers.
Employees are normally represented by a labor union during
collective bargaining.

8. Cont.…
• The terms negotiated during collective bargaining can include working
conditions, salaries and compensation, working hours, and benefits.
The goal is to come up with a collective bargaining agreement
through a written contract. According to the International Labour
Organization, collective bargaining is a fundamental right for all
employees

9. CONT…
• One of the benefits of issue bargaining is that it allows employees to
be directly involved in the negotiation of their workplace conditions.
This may result in improved working conditions and a safer work
environment. Issue bargaining also allows employers to bargain on a
specific issue rather than a general list of demands. This can make
negotiation more focused and potentially more productive.

10. CONT…
• One of the challenges of issue bargaining is that it can be difficult to
isolate the specific issues that are important to employees. This can
make it difficult to come to an agreement on a particular issue.
Additionally, issue bargaining can often result in employees feeling
like they are not being listened to. This can lead to frustration and
division among workers.

11. CONT..
• Issue bargaining is an important weapon that employees can use to
improve their workplace conditions. However, it is important to be
respectful of employees and their rights during issue bargaining

12. Characteristics of corrective bargaining.
• Its a collective
• Its two way group process where that employer, representative sit down to
negotiate terms of employment
• Both part are stronger and equal
• Its voluntary process
• Its a formal process

13. Characteristics cont..
• Its a flexible process
• It’s a method of improvement
• Its representative process
• Its continuous

14. TYPES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
1. Composite Bargaining
Composite bargaining has nothing to do with compensation. Instead, it
focuses on other issues, such as working conditions, job security, and other
corporate policies. These may include hiring and firing practices as well as
workplace discipline. The goal of composite bargaining is to come up with a
suitable agreement leading to a lasting and harmonious relationship
between employers and their employees.

15. Types cont..
2. Concessionary Bargaining
As its name implies, concessionary bargaining focuses on union leaders
making concessions in exchange for job security. This is common during
an economic downturn or a recession. Union leaders may agree to give
up certain benefits to guarantee the survival of the employee pool and,
ultimately, of the business.

16. Types cont..
3. Distributive Bargaining
• This process is characterized as benefiting one party financially at the expense of
the other. This can come through increased bonuses, salaries, or any other
financial benefits. Distributive bargaining normally favors workers over
employers.
Unions must have a higher degree of power for distributive bargaining to work.
Higher membership means more power. If an employer refuses to accept a union’s
demands, it can call a strike.

17. TYPES CONT…
4. Integrative Bargaining
• Each party tries to benefit through integrative bargaining, which is
why it’s often referred to as a form of win-win bargaining. Each side
tries to consider the other’s position and bring issues to the table that
aim to benefit both parties. As such, employees and employers both
stand to lose and gain with integrative bargaining.

18. TYPES CONT..
5. Productivity Bargaining
• This type of bargaining revolves around compensation and the productivity
of employees. Labor union leaders often use higher salaries and
compensation as a way to boost employee productivity, which leads to
higher profits and value for the employer. For this kind of bargaining to
work, both parties need to agree to financial terms in order to increase
productivity.

19. PREPARATION FOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
• Preparing for collective bargaining may include choosing and training
the bargaining team, drafting a potential collective agreement, and
setting up the bargaining process agreement.
• Preparation for collective agreement bargaining involves following
some important steps in law as well as equipping the bargaining team
with the knowledge to fully participate in the process

20. Preparation includes:
. understanding the issues and the people involved in the bargaining
• making sure communication channels are open
• putting in place a bargaining process arrangement that sets out the
parties expectations of each other at different stages in the
bargaining
• drafting potential collective agreement terms and conditions.

21. These steps can be summed up as follows:
• Identifying the issues and preparing the demands: This may include a list
of grievances, such as abusive management practices or low salaries.
• Negotiating: The union will hire a team of professional negotiators to reach
an agreement with the employer. The employer will also hire negotiators,
and the two teams will continue to meet until they find a satisfactory
agreement.

22. STEPS..
• Coming to a tentative agreement: Once an agreement is reached, both
teams of negotiators will submit the agreement to their constituents. At
this time, any last-minute issues will be raised as the details are hammered
out.
• Accepting and ratifying the agreement: The agreement will be submitted
to union members, who will have the opportunity to vote for or against the
new contract.

23. STEPS..
• Administering the agreement: After an agreement is finalized,
workers and shop stewards will continue monitoring to ensure that
the company is abiding by its obligations.

24. OBSTRACLES FOR POLITICAL BARGAINING
• Hospitals refuse to recognize the collective bargaining with nursing
organization
• The responsible association like labor union or nursing council spend
years softening up to the action exhibited by nurses
• Registered nurses who participate in the organizing drives should be
fired

25. ADVANTAGE
• All union member and management must confirm to terms of
contract without exceptional
• It improve professional relationship
• It gives economic security
• Protect patient from unsafe care

26. Advantage cont..
• Establish effective channel of communication with responsible
authorities
• Employees have a larger voice.
• Improves workplace conditions and protects employees
• Establishes rights and responsibilities of employers and employees

27. DISADVANTAGE
 It reduce individuality
 Other union member may overturn ones decision
 Fees paying for union (loosing a lot of money)
 Lengthy process
 Comes at a high cost
 Employers may be forced to negotiate and accept unfavorable terms.

28. INDUSTRIAL ACTION IN NURSING PROFESSION
• Industrial action in nursing is a form of protest or strike carried out by
nurses to draw attention to issues affecting their profession, such as
inadequate working conditions, low wages, or poor patient care.
• Industrial action can take various forms, including work stoppages,
sit-ins, and demonstrations.

29. CONT..
• Before engaging in industrial action, nurses typically engage in
negotiations with their employers or government officials to try to
resolve the issues at hand. However, if these negotiations fail to
produce satisfactory results, nurses may resort to industrial action as
a last resort.

30. Industrial action …..
• Industrial action can have significant consequences for both nurses
and patients. Nurses who participate in strikes may face disciplinary
action or even lose their jobs, while patients may face disruptions in
care and potentially life-threatening situations.

31. CONT…
• Therefore, it is important for nurses to carefully consider the potential
consequences of industrial action before engaging in it. Nurses should
also explore alternative forms of advocacy, such as lobbying, public
awareness campaigns, and peaceful protests, before resorting to
industrial action.

32. Industrial action….
A quote
• International Council of Nurses (ICN) President Pamela Cipriano said:
“Industrial action by nurses is always a last resort, but it is not surprising it
is happening, given the state of the health systems nurses are having to
work in, which do not enable them to deliver the high-quality care they
expect to. This is because of the pressures they are working under, the lack
of value and recognition they receive, historic inequities related to gender,
and poor pay and working conditions.

33. POLITICAL AWARENESS
• Political awareness is an essential aspect of nursing professionalism
because it enables nurses to understand how policy decisions and political
ideology impact healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and the nursing
profession.
• Nurses play a vital role in promoting health and addressing health
disparities, but their ability to effect change is often limited by political and
policy constraints.

34. IMPORTANT POLITICAL AWARENESS
Being politically aware allows nurses to:
• Advocate for their patients:
Nurses who understand the political landscape can advocate for
policies and laws that benefit their patients, such as increased funding
for public health programs and expanded access to healthcare services.

35. CONT..
• Promote their profession:
Nurses can use their political knowledge to promote the nursing
profession and push for policies that enhance nursing education and
practice.

36. CONT..
• Advance their careers:
Nurses who are politically aware can identify opportunities for career
advancement by staying current on policies and regulations that affect
their practice.

37. CONT..
• Engage in civic responsibility:
As members of society, nurses have a civic responsibility to engage in
the political process and support policies that promote the common
good.
In conclusion, political awareness is essential for nurses to be effective
advocates for their patients, their profession, and their communities.

38. LEVEL OF POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT
Nurses can engage in political involvement at various levels to advocate for
their profession and address issues affecting patient care. These levels
include:
Personal level: Nurses can start by educating themselves on current nursing
issues and staying informed about legislative and policy changes that affect
their practice. They can also join nursing organizations and attend
conferences to network and learn about advocacy efforts.

39. CONT…
• Local level: Nurses can get involved in their local community by
attending town hall meetings, writing letters to elected officials, or
participating in grassroots campaigns to raise awareness about
nursing issues.
• .

40. CONT..
• State level
Nurses can engage in political involvement at the state level by
contacting their state legislators, testifying at hearings, or participating
in lobbying efforts to influence policy decisions that affect nursing
practice and patient care

41. • National level
Nurses can also get involved in national advocacy efforts by joining
national nursing organizations, participating in national campaigns, or
contacting their federal representatives to advocate for policies that
support the nursing profession and improve patient outcomes
.

42. • Overall, political involvement is essential for nurses to have a voice in
shaping policies and regulations that affect their profession and the
quality of care they provide to patients

43. NB
• Nurses are increasingly being urged to become more politically aware and
active. The relationships between political awareness, political activity and
professionalism are explored, and it is argued that until nurses recognize
and utilize the power engendered by their special and unique expertise
they will not achieve professional development. It is particularly crucial
that this fact is recognized by nurse educators and that political awareness
is accepted as a legitimate curricular goal of nurse training

44. REFERENCES..
1. Manzi, Fatuma; Schellenberg, Joanna Armstrong; Hutton, Guy;
Wyss, Kaspar; Mbuya, Conrad; Shirima, Kizito; Mshinda, Hassan;
Tanner, Marcel; Schellenberg, David (22 February 2012). "Human
resources for health care delivery in Tanzania: a multifaceted
problem". Human Resources for Health. 10: 3. doi:10.1186/1478-
4491-10-3. PMC 3311084. PMID 22357353.
2. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collective-bargaining.asp
3. https://www.icn.ch/news/alarming-increase-industrial-action-
nurses-symptom-global-crisis-healthcare-systems