SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 38
Radioaktivitás és
atomenergia
Fodor Ákos: Axióma
mindünk anyaga
sugárzó lehetne, ha
mernénk hasadni
1. Radioaktivitás
• Becquerel, Curie házaspár 1903. Nobel-díj
• A radioaktív elemek atommagja nem
stabil, külső hatás nélkül elbomlanak,
miközben radioaktív sugárzás lép fel.
• Ilyen sugárzás: α, β, γ
Alfa-sugárzás
Béta sugárzás
Gamma sugárzás
A radioaktív izotópok gyakorlati
alkalmazása
• Izotópdiagnosztika
• Nyomjelzés
Hevesy György Nobel-díj
• Kormeghatározás
Hevesy György
(1895-1966)
A radioaktív
nyomjelzés
felfedezője, az
izotópfogalom
kiteljesítője.
Nobel-díj (1944).
A kormeghatározás alapja
Felezési idő: Az az időtartam, amely alatt a
radioaktív izotóp eredeti
anyagmennyiségének a fele elbomlik.
Másodperc töredéke < t1/2 < milliárd év
Felezési idő
14
C t1/2=5700 év
235
U t1/2=713 millió év
40
K t1/2=11900 millió év=11,9 milliárd év
2. ATOMENERGIA
A radioaktív izotópok bomlása során energia
szabadul fel
Hogyan lehetne ezt az energiát
hasznosítani?
Magreakciók: Az atommagban
bekövetkező reakciók, melyek hatalmas
energia-felszabadulással járnak.
Ezt az energiát nevezzük
ATOMENERGIÁNAK
1 g 235
U maghasadása annyi energiát
szolgáltat, mint 2,5 tonna (2 500 000 g)
antracit égetése!!!!!
Magreakciók
Maghasadás
Magfúzió
A. Maghasadás
Láncreakció
no
+ 235
U= 236
U 92
Kr+142
Ba+2,4 no
A hiányzó tömeg energiává alakul
Szilárd Leó
(1908-1964)
A neutron
láncreakció
elméletének
kidolgozója.
Fermivel az első
atomreaktor
megalkotója (1942).
„Atom a Békéért”
díj (USA).
A robbanás feltétele a
KRITIKUS TÖMEG
Vagyis a hasadó anyagban kellő tömegben
kell legyenek a hasadásra képes
uránmagok.
Atombomba
Atomtámadások
1945. augusztus 6. HIROSIMA
(uránbomba)
1945. augusztus 9. NAGASZAKI
(plutónium bomba)
Az atomenergia megszelídítése
Wigner Jenő
(1902-1995)
• A kvantum-mechanika
alkalmzója az atommag-
kutatásban.
A vízhűtésű atomreaktor
megalkotója. Nobel-díj
(1963).
• „Atom a Békéért” díj
(USA).
Atomerőművek
Szabályozott láncreakció
kritikus tömegű 235
U + neutron-elnyelő rudak
Atomerőmű balesetek
1986 április 26. Csernobil
Atomenergia és környezetvédelem
• A legkevesebb környezeti terheléssel jár
• A kiégett fűtőelemek (ritka földfémek,
kripton és xenon, cirkon, cézium,
molibdén, rádium és ruténium)
Deponálás
Újrafelhasználás
Neutron-besugárzással ártalmatlanítás
B. Magfúzió
2
H+3
H 4
He + no
A hiányzó tömeg energiává alakul
Csillagok
Hidrogénbomba
Teller Ede
(1908- 2003 )
• A termonukleáris
reakciók
elméletének
kidolgozója és
megvalósítója.
• Fermi-díj (USA).
A hidrogénbomba
A magfúzió „megszelídítése”
• Problémák
• Kísérleti reaktorok
Miért kell az atomenergia?
• Földgáz és kőolajkészlet kb. 100-150 évre elég
Hagyományos tüzelőanyagok égetésével levegő-
és vízszennyezés
(szén-dioxid, kén-dioxid, nitrogén oxidok, rákkeltő
vegyületek)
• A Föld uránkészlete 1014
tonna, ez több tízezer
évig fedezné a teljes energiaigényt
Neumann János
(1903-1957)
• A XX. század
legnagyobb hatású
matematikusa, aki
kidolgozta a
programozható
számítógép elvét.
• Szabadság-érem
(USA).
• Ecker, Atanasoff
Radioaktivitas es atomenergia

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Radioaktivitas es atomenergia