Use this for review. This study material is prepared by student.

1. EMERGENNCY
CONDITION - SHOCK
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
| Community Pharmacy and First Aid |

2. TOPICS FOR
DISCUSSION
01. Introduction
02. Cause & Types of Shock
03. Signs and Symptoms of
Shock
04. First aid for Shock
05. Treatment
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences

3. INTRODUCTION
Shock is a critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in
blood flow through the body. Shock may result from trauma,
heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection,
poisoning, severe burns or other causes. When a person is in
shock, his or her organs aren't getting enough blood or oxygen. If
untreated, this can lead to permanent organ damage or even
death.
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences

4. WHAT CAUSES SHOCK TO OCCUR?
Severe allergic reaction
Significant blood loss
Heart failure
Blood infections
Dehydration
Poisoning
Burns
Anything that affects the flow of blood through your body can
cause shock.
Some causes of shock include:
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences

5. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR TYPES OF SHOCK?
Obstructive shock
Cardiogenic shock
Distributive shock
Anaphylactic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
There are four major types of shock, each of which can be
caused by a number of different events.
1.
2.
3.
There are a number of types of distributive shock
4.Hypovolemic shock
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences

6. Cold, pale, or clammy skin
Excessive sweating
Fast heart rate
Shallow and rapid breathing
Drowsiness
Fainting
Blue or gray lips or fingernails
Irritability
Anxiety
Dizziness
Enlarged pupils
Nausea or vomiting
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences

7. FIRST AID FOR SHOCK
Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
Shock First Response
If you suspect a person is in shock, treatment is needed immediately. Call for immediate
medical attention.
Let the patient lie down. This is the most comfortable position. If the
patient is in pain, letting him or her rest is crucial. Pain may further
intensify stress and accelerate the progression of shock.
Call for medical help. Shock can’t be managed by first aid alone. The
patient still needs emergency medical care.

8. Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
If the patient is bleeding, control the bleeding and raise
his or her legs. The legs should be above the level of the
heart and the head should be flat on the floor. But take
caution and assess for any fracture or spinal cord
injury before doing this. If you are unsure, let the
patient lie down flat.
Maintain the patient’s normal body temperature. Keep
him or her warm if the body is getting cold.
Do not give anything to drink or eat.
Loosen the patient’s tight clothing.

9. Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
If the patient has an allergic reaction, administer an
adrenaline auto-injector if you have access to one.
If the patient is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth,
turn the patient on his or her side to prevent choking
or aspiration. If you suspect a spinal cord injury, let
him lie flat on the floor.
Monitor the patient’s breathing, pulse, and skin color
regularly.

10. Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
Reassure the patient and stay with him or her until
help arrives.
If at any moment, the patient stops breathing, open
the airway and check for breathing. Prepare to treat
someone who has become unresponsive.
Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Continue
until help arrives or the patient starts breathing again.

11. Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
If conscious, ask the person pertinent questions.
Because he/she may lose consciousness as shock
progresses, record the information and give it to
ambulance personnel when they arrive. Ask:
What happened?
Do you have medical problems?
Do you take any medications?
Do you have any allergies to medications?

12. Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
Treatment of shock
Hypovolaemic shock – stopping the bleeding and boosting the person’s blood volume
with intravenous fluids (fluids given directly into the person’s bloodstream through a
tube and needle). In severe cases, the person may need a blood transfusion. Internal
or external wounds may need surgery
Cardiogenic shock – boosting blood volume with intravenous fluids. Medications to
constrict (narrow) the blood vessels will improve the heart’s ability to pump. Some
people may need heart surgery
Specific treatment depends on the type of shock, but could
include:

13. Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences
Treatment of shock
Neurogenic shock – giving intravenous fluids and medications, including corticosteroids
Septic shock – giving antibiotics for the infection. The person may need supportive hospital
care, for example, mechanical ventilation to help them breathe
Anaphylactic shock – the person may need medications such as antihistamines, adrenaline
or corticosteroids
Obstructive shock – removing the obstruction, for example, surgery or clot-dissolving
medication to remove a blood clot in the pulmonary artery
Endocrine shock – administering medications to correct the hormonal imbalance, for
example, thyroid medication to treat hypothyroidism.

14. QUESTIONS OR
COMMENTS?
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Bigin Gyawali | Bachelor in Pharmacy - Universal College of Medical Sciences