This is the documents of technical seminars vtu subject in 8ths semester

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR
“LEO SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS FOR 5G ”
National Education Society ®
JNN College of Engineering
Savalanga Road, Navule, Shivamogga -277204
(Accredited by NBA, NAAC 'B' & Certified by UGC 2f & 12B)
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Presented by:
Manoj kumar H S
4JN20EC409
Guide:
Mrs. Nalina S B
Assistant Professor

2. Contents
• Abstract
• Introduction to the domain
• Literature survey
• Gist of the content of the paper
• Details of the technology discussed in the paper
• Results & Discussions
• Summary
• References
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3. 5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 3
Abstract
• The deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is being
considered as a potential solution to expand the coverage of 5G networks and
bring connectivity to remote areas.
• LEO satellite constellations typically consist of thousands of small satellites in
low orbits around the Earth, which can provide low-latency and high-bandwidth
connectivity.
• The use of LEO satellite constellations for 5G requires the development of
specific technologies and standards, such as inter-satellite links and advanced
antennas, to ensure seamless integration with terrestrial networks.
• However, the implementation of LEO satellite constellations for 5G also presents
several challenges, including regulatory issues, spectrum allocation, and cost-
effectiveness.

4. Abstract
• Several companies, such as SpaceX, OneWeb, and Amazon, are currently
working on deploying LEO satellite constellations for 5G, with plans to provide
global coverage within the next few years.
• Overall, the use of LEO satellite constellations for 5G has the potential to
revolutionize the telecommunications industry and bring connectivity to even
the most remote and underserved areas.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 4

5. Introduction to the Domain
• The term "LEO satellite constellations for 5G" refers to a new technology that is
being developed to expand the coverage of 5G networks and provide connectivity to
remote areas.
• LEO stands for "Low Earth Orbit," which means that the satellites are positioned in
orbits that are relatively close to the Earth's surface.
• These satellite constellations typically consist of thousands of small satellites that are
positioned in a specific formation, or "constellation," around the Earth.
• The satellites in a LEO constellation communicate with each other and with ground
stations to provide low-latency and high-bandwidth connectivity..
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 5

6. Introduction to the Domain
• This technology has the potential to bring 5G connectivity to areas that are
currently underserved or unserved by traditional terrestrial networks, such as
rural areas or developing countries.
• However, the deployment of LEO satellite constellations for 5G requires the
development of specific technologies and standards to ensure seamless
integration with terrestrial networks.
• Several companies are currently working on developing and deploying LEO
satellite constellations for 5G, with plans to provide global coverage within
the next few years
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7. Literature survey
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8. Gist of the content of the paper
• LEO satellite constellations: This section describes the concept of LEO
satellite constellations, including how they work and the potential
benefits they offer for expanding 5G coverage.
• Technology and standards: This section discusses the specific
technologies and standards that are required to enable seamless
integration between LEO satellite constellations and
terrestrial 5G networks.
• Applications and services: This section explores the new applications
and services that can be enabled by the deployment of LEO satellite
constellations for 5G, including connected vehicles, remote
healthcare, and IoT devices.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 8

9. Gist of the content of the paper
• Challenges and solutions: This section examines the various challenges
associated with deploying LEO satellite constellations for 5G, such as
regulatory issues, spectrum allocation, and cost-effectiveness, and proposes
potential solutions to overcome these challenges.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 9

10. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
Small Satellites:
• The use of small satellites, known as CubeSats or microsats, is one of the most
significant advancements in the field of Leo satellite constellations.
• These satellites are cheaper and faster to manufacture and launch than traditional
large satellites, making it possible to create a large constellation of satellites in a
shorter time frame.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 10

11. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
Inter-Satellite Links:
To ensure seamless coverage across the globe, Leo satellite constellations require a network of
interconnected satellites. Inter-satellite links using laser or microwave technology have been proposed
to provide high-speed communication between the satellites.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 11

12. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
Phased-Array Antennas:
Leo satellite constellations require advanced antennas to direct signals
to specific areas on the ground.
Phased-array antennas can be steered electronically to provide high
flexibility in directing signals
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13. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
Ground Stations:
• To connect to the wider internet, Leo satellites require a network of ground stations that can
track and communicate with the satellites as they pass overhead.
• These ground stations must be strategically placed to provide coverage in remote and
underserved areas.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 13

14. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
Satellite-to-User Communication:
• Leo satellite constellations for 5G will need to provide high-speed data connectivity to end
users.
• One proposal involves using user terminals that can track and connect to satellites overhead,
while others may use existing cellular towers or other infrastructure on the ground
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15. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
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Constellation Management: To ensure the Leo satellite constellation functions properly,
sophisticated management systems are required.
• These systems can include algorithms that optimize the positioning of the satellites and the
routing of data between them.

16. Details of the technology discussed in the paper
Power Systems:
• Leo satellites for 5G require a reliable power source to operate in orbit.
• Solar panels are typically used to generate electricity, and advanced batteries or other energy
storage systems may be used to provide power during periods of shadow or low solar activity.
5/8/2023 Dept of ECE 16

17. Results & Discussions
• Leo satellite constellations can provide low-latency and high-speed
connectivity, which is essential for real-time applications such as
autonomous vehicles, remote healthcare, and smart cities.
• The use of smaller satellites in Leo constellations can be more cost-
effective than traditional satellite networks, making it possible to
deploy a large number of satellites to create a network that can
provide global coverage.
5/8/2023 Dept 17

18. SUMMRY
• Leo satellite constellations can provide global coverage, low-latency,
and high-speed connectivity to remote and underserved areas, which
is crucial for bridging the digital divide and enabling real-time
applications such as autonomous vehicles, remote healthcare, and
smart cities.
• The use of smaller satellites in Leo constellations can be more cost-
effective than traditional satellite networks, allowing for the
deployment of a large number of satellites to create a global network
that can provide reliable backup to terrestrial 5G networks.
5/8/2023 Dept 18

19. SUMMRY
• The scalability and upgradeability of Leo satellite constellations can
ensure that the network can meet the growing demand for high-
speed connectivity, while the use of smaller satellites can help reduce
the environmental impact of traditional satellite networks.
• The successful deployment of Leo satellite constellations for 5G will
require collaboration between different stakeholders, including
governments, regulatory bodies, telecommunications companies, and
satellite manufacturers, to address challenges related to interference,
security, sustainability, regulatory approval, and competition
5/8/2023 Dept 19