Blood Transfusion Physiology

1. Blood
Transfusion
Physiology
Dr. Banaful Roy
MBBS (Dhaka), MPH,
CCD (BIRDEM), CMU

2.  Blood transfusions -
basis of blood typing, Cross matching
 Blood Storage in blood bank
 Who can be a blood donor
 Complications of Blood transfusions
(transfusion reactions)
 Blood components
Learning Objectives

3. What is blood transfusion
The transfer of blood or blood components from
one person (the donor) into the bloodstream of
another person (the recipient).

4. Blood Typing

5. Cross Matching is a procedure performed prior
to a blood transfusion to detect
incompatibilities between the donor and
recipient.
Cross Matching

6. Cross Matching

7. Many times, blood transfusion might not be without
hazards, so the risk should be weighed out against
benefit.
The dictum is - TO USE BLOOD PRODUCTS ONLY WHEN
NO OTHER ALTERNATIVE IS LEFT
Indication of blood transfusion

8. Basic Eligibility Guidelines
 Male can donate blood every 4 months
interval and Female every 6 months interval
 Age: 18 to 60 years
 Weight: >50kg
 Hb: >12gm/dl
 Serum Transmitted Disease patient
 Vaccination
 High Blood Pressure
 Diabetes
 Cold and Flu
 Diet
 Tattoos and Piercing
Blood Donation : Who Can Give Blood?

9. Types of Blood Bags
Single Blood Bag
For whole blood collection.
Available in capacity of 350ml
and 450ml.
Double Blood Bag
For whole blood collection.
Separation of 2 different blood
components (red blood cells
and plasma) obtained through
the process of centrifugation
and extraction.
Triple Blood Bag
For whole blood collection.
Separation of 3 different blood
components (red blood cells,
plasma and platelets).

10. Storage of blood
Blood should be tested for Blood/Serum
Transmitted Diseases (STDs) before storage

11. Storage of blood
 WHOLE BLOOD: VOLUME: 450ML
Self-Life: 35 days using CPDA1 as anticoagulant
Storage Temp: 2-6 °C
 PACKED RBC: PREPARED BY CELL SEPARATION FROM DONATED WHOLE
BLOOD.
Volume: 200-250ml
Self-Life: 35days using CPDA1 as anticoagulant
Storage Temp: 2-6 °C
 FRESH FROZEN PLASMA (FFP): PREPARED BY CELL SEPARATION
FROM DONATED WHOLE BLOOD.
Volume: 150-200ml
Self-Life: I Years
Storage Temp: -30 °C or lower
 PLATELET CONCENTRATE: Random Donor Platelet (RDP)
Volume: 50-60ml (From 1 unit whole blood)
Self-Life: 5 days
Storage Temp: 20-24 °C with agitation using platelet shaker.

12. Transfusion reaction
Due to mismatching/hemolytic
(Agglutination/Immunologic reaction)
Other than mismatching
(Allergic/Febrile reaction)
Hazards of blood transfusion

13. Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (HTR)

14. Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (HTR)

15. & Non hemolytic
Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (NHTR)
Mild Allergic Reactions
Anaphylactic Shock
Spread of Serum Transmitted Disease

16. Transfusion of Blood Components
Transfusion of ‘Blood Components’ is –
When, specific portion or fraction of blood that is
lacking in a patient is transfused.
Advantages of blood component therapy
 Avoids the risk of sensitizing the patients to other
blood components.
 Provides optimal therapeutic benefit while reducing
risk of volume overload.
 Increases availability of needed blood products to
larger population.
 Thus it is a safe and low risk procedure.

17. Self Assessment
Critical Thinking Questions
1.Following a motor vehicle accident, a patient is rushed to the
emergency department with multiple traumatic injuries, causing
severe bleeding. The patient’s condition is critical, and there is no
time for determining his blood type. What type of blood is
transfused, and why?
2.In preparation for a scheduled surgery, a patient visits the hospital
lab for a blood draw. The technician collects a blood sample and
performs a test to determine its type. She places a sample of the
patient’s blood in two wells. To the first well she adds anti-A
antibody. To the second she adds anti-B antibody. Both samples
visibly agglutinate. Has the technician made an error, or is this a
normal response? If normal, what blood type does this indicate?

18. 1. The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation
of masses of linked cells, is called-
A. sensitization
B. coagulation
C. agglutination
D. hemolysis
2. People with type O blood group -
A. have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
B. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
C. have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma
D. are considered universal recipients
3. Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy
in which:
A. a type AB mother is carrying a type O fetus
B. a type O mother is carrying a type AB fetus
C. a Rh+ mother is carrying an Rh− fetus
D. a Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus
Self Assessment

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