https://youtube.com/@ayeshashoukat-qi8vg?si=3BqvPk4KvropZ5rN

1. TOPIC:
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN
CHILDREN AND TEENS

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
WHAT IS ADHD?
CAUSES OF ADHD
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSIS OF ADHD
DOES ADHD LOOK THE
SAME IN ALL CHILDREN
AND TEENS
TREATMENT OF ADHD

3. WHAT IS ADHD?
 ADHD is a developmental disorder associated with an ongoing
pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity.
Symptoms of ADHD can interfere with daily activities and
relationships. ADHD begins in childhood and can continue into
the teen years and adulthood.
 People with ADHD experience an ongoing pattern of the
following types of symptoms:
 Inattention – having difficulty paying attention
 Hyperactivity – having too much energy or moving and talking
too much
 Impulsivity – acting without thinking or having difficulty with
self-control [1]

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
SIGNS OF INATTENTION MAY INCLUDE:
Not paying close attention to details or making seemingly
careless mistakes in schoolwork or during other activities.
Difficulty in sustaining attention in play and tasks, including
conversations, tests, or lengthy assignments.
Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort, such as
homework.

5. SIGNS OF HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPULSIVITY MAY INCLUDE:
Being unable to sit still, especially in calm or quiet
surroundings and constantly fidgeting.
Being unable to concentrate on tasks and doing
excessive physical movement.
Excessive talking and being unable to wait their
turn.
Acting without thinking and interrupting others, for
example, in conversations, games or activities.

6.  The symptoms of ADHD in
children and teenagers are
well defined, and they're
usually noticeable before the
age of 6. They occur in more
than 1 situation, such as at
home and at school. [2]
 Some people with ADHD
mainly have symptoms of
inattention.
 Others mostly have symptoms
of hyperactivity-impulsivity.
 Some people have both types
of symptoms.

7. CAUSES
 The exact cause of attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not fully
understood, although a combination of
factors is thought to be responsible.
 Many studies suggest that genes play a
large role.
 In addition to genetics, researchers are
looking at possible environmental factors
that might raise the risk of developing
ADHD and are studying how brain
injuries, nutrition, and social
environments might play a role in ADHD.

9. If there is deformity of
brain shape that causes
neural-imbalance which
can cause ADHD.
If a child is delivered
prematurely, the nervous
system is not fully
developed which can
cause ADHD.
Consumption of alcohol
and drugs always
adversely affects our brain
cells and nervous system.
Exposure to some toxic
substance like lead can
cause ADHD.
BRAIN SHAPE PRE-MATURE BIRTH
ALCOHOL AND
DRUGS
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES

10. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF ADHD

13. DOES ADHD LOOK THE SAME IN ALL
CHILDREN AND TEENS?
 ADHD symptoms can change over time as a
child grows and moves into the preteen and
teenage years.
 In young children with ADHD, hyperactivity
and impulsivity are the most common
symptoms.
 As academic and social demands increase,
symptoms of inattention become more
prominent and begin to interfere with
academic performance and peer relationships.

14.  In adolescence, hyperactivity often
becomes less severe and may appear
as restlessness or fidgeting.
 Symptoms of inattention and impulsivity
typically continue and may cause
worsening academic, organizational,
and relationship challenges.
 Teens with ADHD also are more likely to
engage in impulsive, risky behaviors,
including substance use and unsafe
sexual activity. [4]

19. CONCLUSION
ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of
childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into
adulthood. Children and Teens (ages 6 – 17) with ADHD may have
trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (may act
without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly active.
Scientists aren't sure exactly what causes ADHD, they think it's likely
caused by a combination of genes, environment, and slight differences
in how the brain is hardwired. ADHD is sometimes diagnosed during
childhood, typically in school settings where symptoms of the
condition, such as problems with behavioral control, anger issues,
distractibility, and inattention, are most evident. Treatments range from
behavioral intervention to prescription medication. In many cases,
medication alone is an effective treatment for ADHD.

20. REFERENCE
1. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-
deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-in-children-and-teens-what-
you-need-to-know
2. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/attention-deficit-
hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/symptoms/
3. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/attention-deficit-
hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/causes/
4. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/search-nimh?q=adhd