Here Is Histology Of Thyroid Gland and everything

1. Seminar On Thyroid
Gland
Presented By - Dnyaneshwar Disle
Omkar Disle
• Guided By - Dr.
Harleen Kaur Mam

3. Introduction
Thyroid Gland Is An Endocrine Gland.
It is Situated at the Lower Part Of Neck
region
And Lies Against Vertebraes - C5 , C6 , C7 ,
T1
It Is butterfly shaped Gland Consist Of Right
& Left Lobe
Joined Together By Isthmus

4. Weight And Colour..
- it Weighs An Average of 25-30 gm..
- It Is Larger In Females Than Males
& Further Increase In Size During
Menstruation And Pregnancy
It Is Raddish Brown In Colour

5. Situation
Glands Lies Against Vertebraes - C5, C6 , C7
& T1
It Covers The Upper Part Of Trachea
Each Lobe Extends From Middle Of Thyroid
Cartilage To The 4th Or 5th Tracheal Ring
Isthmus Extends From 2nd To 4th Tracheal
Ring

7. Capsule Of Thyroid Gland
There are Two Types Of Capsule
1 - True Capsule
2- False Capsule

8. Blood Supply Of Thyroid Gland
- Superior Thyroid Artery
> Anterior
> Posterior
- Inferior Thyroid Artery
- Lower Thyroid Artery
- Accessory Thyroid Artery

9. Venous Drainage
• - Superior Thyroid Vein
• - Inferior Thyroid Vein
• - Forth Thyroid Vein ( Kocher )
•Nerve Supply
• Nerve Are Derived From Middle Cranial
Ganglion & Partially From The Superior And
Inferior Cranial Ganglia

10. Histology Of Thyroid
Gland

11. It Is Covered By Two Capsule
• I.e Inner True Capsule Formed By
condensation Of Connective Tissue Of
Gland & Outer False Capsule . I.e Derived
From Pretracheal Layer Of Deep Cervical
Fascia..
• Thyroid Gland Is Unique Gland Among All
The Endocrine Gland As It Contain Large
Quantity Of Hormonal Secretion
Extracellularly , Whereas other Endocrine
Gland Stores Hormonal Secreation
Intracellularly

12. Structure
• It Is Made up Of Two Parts That is
Parenchyma And Stroma
•Stroma
• Stroma is Rich in loose alveolar
Connective Tissue With Delicated Network
Of Reticular Fibres Seen In Between Follicle
Of Glands & Hence Called Interfollicular
Connective Tissue

13. Rich In Extensive Network Of Lymphatic
Vessels Sympathetic Nerve Fibre , Arterioles
& capillaries Which lies Very Close to Follicle
Gland

14. Follicular Cells
• This Are Cuboidal In Shape But The shape
Of Cell Depend Upon Activity Of Cell
• The Cells are flat in Shape When They Are
Inactive Or In Resting Phase & Follicle Is
Distended with Full Of Colloid In It
• The Cells Are Cuboidal In shape when They
Are Moderate Active & Follicle are not
distended With An Adequate Amount Of
Colloid

15. The Cells Are Columnar In Shape When They Are
Highly Active or Secretory In Phase & There Is
Scanty Amount Of Colloid
Parafollicular Cells :
They Also Contain Lysosomes, Microtubules &
Microfilaments.
Parenchyma Of Cells also contains Another Type Of A
Cell That Is Called As Parafollicular Cells
They Are Also Called as Clear Cells Or sea Cell Or Light
Cell

16. This Cells Are Oval In Shape With Eccentric
Nucleus Which Is Aggregated Singly Or In
Group .
They Are Present In Between Follicular Cells
and in Basement Membrane Or May Lie In
Stroma Of Glands
It Is Rich in rough Endoplasmic Reticulam ,
Golgi Complex & Mitochondria

17. Function
• follicular Cells That Secretes Two Types Of
Hormones That is Called As T3 & T4
• T3 is Called As TriIodothyronin
• T4 Is Called as Thyroxin
• It Plays An Important Role In maintaining
Basal Metabolic Rate And Cellular
Metabolism
• Parafollicular Hormones Secretes Hormone
Called as calcitonin And It Helps In
Reducing Blood Calcium Level And It's
Maintainance

18. Clinical Histology
• Enlargement Of Thyroid Gland Called As
Goitre
• Inflammation Of Thyroid Gland Called as
Thyroiditis
• Hyperthyroidism - it is Condition In Which There
is Increase in Secretion Of Thyroid Hormones
• Hypothyroidism - It is A Condition In Which
there is Decrease In Secretion Of Thyroid Hormone