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SAARC-1.pptx
- 2. Regional Cooperation in South Asia under the aegis of SAARC
- 3. Contents • The need and importance of regional organisation • SAARC • Areas of Cooperations • Specialized Bodies • Dead Vehicle??? • SAARC vs ASEAN • Failures of SAARC • Way forward
- 4. The need and importance of Regional Cooperation • A situation of conflict often arises between countries in a common regional space,whether it is a security- related dispute or culture and economy-related. • Conflicts in a common regional space affects not only the invovled parties but the whole region • Whethe it is for post-war reconcilliation or efforts to end an ongoing crisis,a regional organization plays and important role in maintaining intetnational peace.
- 5. • Most important mechanism to promote engagement between neighbouring countries. • Regionalism is called 'central concept for organizing world politics'. • South Asia- SAARC ,ASEAN ,BIMSTEC • Inter-governmental organization but different experience and outcomes.
- 6. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- 8. SAARC Members • Afghanistan (2007) • Bangladesh • Bhutan • India • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka
- 9. SAARC observers • Australia • China • European Union • Japan • Iran • Mauritius • Myanmar • South Korea • USA
- 10. An Intro • Intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia. • Bangladesh President Ziaur Rehman • Secreteriat- Kathmandu,Nepal
- 11. • Decisions are made on consensus based. • The Idea of SAARC - Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi in April 1947, The Baguio Conference in the Philippines in May 1950 The Colombo Powers Conference, Sri Lankab1954 • USSR's Intervention in Afghanista, 1979
- 12. Areas of Cooperation's • SAARC - 8 Dec 1985, Dhaka • Agriculture and Rural Development • Transport and Communication • Science and Technology • Culture • Health • Population Control • Sports and Arts Mutual trust and understanding
- 13. Specialized Bodies • SAARC Disaster Management Centre- Gandhinagar,Gujarat • SAARC Arbitration Council- Islamabad, Pak • SAARC Development Fund- Thimphu,Bhutan • South Asian University - Delhi • South Asian Standards Organization- Dhaka BL • South Asian Preferential trade Agreement- 1995, Tarrif Reduction Targets • South Asian Free trade Area- 6 jan 2004, 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad ,Pakistan target of zero tarrif by 2016 Dispute redressal mechanism
- 15. • In 3rd SAARC summit in 1987, Regional convention on Suppression of Terrorism was adopted to eliminate terrorism,establish peace,stability and prosperity.
- 17. The Last Summit 2014 • 18th Summit , Kathmandu,Nepal • Theme- Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity • Agreement on energy cooperation • 19th summit- Pak, Due to Uri Attack
- 18. SAARC Satellite • 18th SAARC summit - Nepal • Saarc geostationary satellite for communication and meteorology by the ISRO • Part of neighbourhood first policy • Launche in 2017 • In 2019, excpet Pakistan
- 20. • According to a Study of World Bank, SAARC could become a $44 Billion trading hub
- 22. • Acute Economic crisis • Poor governance • After effects of Covid • China Debt trap diplomacy • Food fuel infaltion • Foreign exchange reserves ⬇️ • Unemployment • Trade deficit
- 24. • Afghanistan's economic isolation after the Taliban takeover has exacerbatrd unemployment and poverty. • Pol instability • Refugees and migrant • Territorial disputes • Ethnic and cultural tensions • Poor connectivity • SAARC failed????
- 25. SAARC Vs ASEAN
- 26. ASEAN • Asso. of SE (Thailand,Phillipines, Malaya) ❌ • MAPHILINDO ❌ • 1967- Bangkok Decl - Thailand,Singapore ,Phillipines, Malaysia, Indonesia • Economic Cooperation • Regional Security • Binding force- Communist insurgency
- 27. • 1976 Bali Conf- Treaty of Amity and Cooperation • A high council will be set up at the ministerial level to settle the disputes • Trade and security matters • Leading voice • Political stability ensures economic prosperity • According to World Bank - cumulative GDP $91.9 Bn to $ 211.9 Bn (1976- 1982) • 15% average annual growth • Brunei,Vietnam,Laos,Myanmar,Combodia • AFTA -1992 • ASEAN Charter of 2007- single market ASEAN economic community • ASEAN Forum Dialogue - Political benefits • Strict no interference policy
- 28. • Informal Agreements • Mutual Understanding • Personal Realationships Political Solidarity Economic Integration Security Cooperation
- 29. Failures of SAARC • India-Pakistan Hostility • Big Brother attitude (trust deficit) • Different political system or lack of political stability • Identity crisis • Demographic inequality • Mutual suspicion and misunderstanding (British legacy) • Absence of Connectivity • Better use of Materials and Human resources • Structural asymmetry religious and economic diversity • Presence of non-tariff barriers ( 22 documents and 55 signatures) • 7% of trade • The ever increasing sensitive list • Trade always flourishes in contemporary countries(have and have not) Ex TAPI gagpilnes - $10 Bn (safety and Security concerns)
- 30. • Less industrialised • About 60% of SAARC trade is dependent of Non- Asian countries
- 32. Way Forward • Increase its exportss, to control the growing Trade Deficit • establish a strong mechanism • Bilateral and Trilateral free trade arrangements • Cooperation will have to be stregthened • Political relations • SAARC-1 or BIMSTEC (1997) • Taliban led Afghanistan
- 33. South Asia ANURAG YADAV M.Sc. IV Sem