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1. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
CELEC1 – Cognate Elective 1
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Software
Presented by
JIMMY DE VERA ROLDAN, MSIT

2. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software
In 1970, less than 1 percent of the public could have
intelligently described what “computer software”
meant. Today, most professionals and many
members of the public at large feel that they
understand software. Software is:
• Instructions (computer programs) that when
executed provide desired function and
performance.
• Data structures that enable the programs to
adequately manipulate information.
• Document that describe the operation and use of
the program.

3. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Evolution of Software
The Early Years
• Batch orientation
• Limited distribution
• Custom software
The Second Era
• Multi-user
• Real time
• Database
• Product software

4. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Evolution of Software
The Third Era
• Distributed systems
• Embedded intelligence
• Low-cost hardware
• Consumer impact
The Fourth Era
• Powerful desktop systems
• Object-oriented technologies
• Expert systems
• Artificial neural networks
• Parallel computing

5. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Related Problems
1. Hardware advances continue to out space our
ability to build software to tap hardware’s potential.
2. Our ability to build new programs cannot keep pace
with the demand for new programs, nor can we
build programs rapidly enough to meet business
and market needs.
3. The widespread use of computers has made
society increasingly dependent on reliable
operation of software.

6. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Related Problems
4. We struggle to build computer software that has
high reliability and quality.
5. Our ability to support and enhance existing
programs is threatened by poor design and
inadequate resources.

7. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Components

8. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Characteristics
1. Software is developed or engineered, it is not
manufactured in the classical sense.
2. Software doesn’t wear out.
3. Most software is custom-built, rather than being
assembled from existing components.

9. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Applications
System software - a collection of programs written to
service other programs. Some system software
process complex but determinate information
structures. Other system applications process
largely indeterminate data.

10. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Real time software – software that monitors, analyzes,
controls real world events as they occur. Elements
of real time software include a data gathering
component that collects and formats information
from an external environment, an analysis
component that transforms information as required
by the application, a control / output component
that responds to the external environment, and a
monitoring component that coordinates all other
components so that real time response can be
maintained.

11. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Business software – business information processing is
the largest single software application area.
Applications in this area restructure existing data in
a way that facilitates business operations or
management decision making.

12. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Engineering and scientific software – have been
characterized by “number crunching” algorithms.
Applications range from astronomy to volcanology,
from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle
orbital dynamics, and from molecular biology to
automated manufacturing. However, modern
applications within this area are moving away from
conventional numerical algorithms. Computer-aided
design, system simulation, and other interactive
applications have begun to take on real time and
even system software characteristics.

13. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Embedded software – resides in read only memory and
is used to control products and systems for the
consumer and industrial markets. Embedded
software can perform very limited and esoteric
functions or provide significant function and control
capability.

14. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Personal computer software – has burgeoned over the
past two decades. Word processing, spreadsheets,
computer graphics, multimedia, entertainment,
database management, personal and business
financial applications, external network, and
database access are only a few of hundreds of
applications.

15. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Web-based software – the web pages retrieved by a
browser are software that incorporates executable
instructions. In essence, the network becomes a
massive computer providing an almost unlimited
software resource that can be accessed by anyone
with a modem.

16. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Application
Artificial intelligence software – makes use of
non-numerical algorithms to solve complex
problems that are not amenable to computation or
straightforward analysis. Expert systems, also
called knowledge-based systems pattern
recognition, artificial neural networks, theorem
proving, and game playing are representative of
application within this category.

17. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Myths
Management Myths
• We already have a book that is full of standards and
procedures for building software, won’t that provide
my people with everything they need to know?
• My people have state-of-the-art software
development tools, after all, we buy them the newest
computers.
• If we get behind schedule, we can add more
programmers and catch up.
• If I decide to outsource the software project to a third
party, I can just relax and let that firm build it.

18. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Myths
Customer Myths
• A general statement of objectives is sufficient to
begin writing programs – we can fill in the details
later.
• Project requirements continually change but
change can be easily accommodated because
software is flexible.

19. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
Software Myths
Practitioners Myths
• Once we write the program and get it to work, our
job is done.
• Until I get the program “running” I have no way of
assessing its quality.
• The only deliverable work product for a
successful project is the working program.
• Software engineering will make us create
voluminous and unnecessary documentation and
will invariably slow us down.

20. ” Be a Gabrielian: We Care, your Legacy to Share”
CELEC1 – Cognate Elective 1
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Software
Presented by
JIMMY DE VERA ROLDAN, MSIT