A short talk I gave on Open Hardware and the Open Source tools that can be used for prototyping by Makers to bring their ideas to life. At the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mumbai. Talk organized by Mumbai Tech Meetup group. https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/cu93d98blpb3pvan1inmn7u42l8

1. Open
Hardware
@anool
anool@wyolum.com
Open Source Toolchain for
Digital Manufacturing

2. Overview
Open Hardware
Some successful/useful OH projects
OHSummit
Maker Spaces / Maker Movement
Product Design

3. What is OSH
● Publicly available Hardware design (mechanical
drawings, schematics, bills of material, PCB layout
data, gerber plots, firmware)
● “Open source hardware is hardware whose design
is made publicly available so that anyone can
study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design
or hardware based on that design. The hardware’s
source, the design from which it is made, is
available in the preferred format for making
modifications to it.”
● http://www.oshwa.org/

4. OSH - is it any good ?
● Arduino
○ bringing the power of microcontrollers to everyone
● Rep-Rap
○ 3D printer
● Lasersaur
○ Laser Cutter
● ShapeOko
○ CNC Machine

5. OH Summit - a Hacker congregation
● Since 2010 : www.oshwa.org
● Annual conference organized by OSHWA
and the world’s first comprehensive
conference on open hardware
● Electronics, mechanics, digital fabrication,
fashion technology, education,
manufacturing, design, business, law . . . .
● Talks, Demos, Posters

6. Maker Spaces
● a.k.a Hacker Space, FabLab. . .
● A Makerspace is a community-operated
workspace where people with common
interests, often in computers, technology,
science, digital art or electronic art, can
meet, socialise and/or collaborate.

7. Modern Technology...
...gives us instant access to knowledge, materials, tools
and prototyping as well as production facilities.
For the first time in history,
if you can design it,
you can build it.

8. Product Design
● Use open tools for open hardware
● Generate digital files which can be used to build
prototypes using several rapid prototyping techniques.
○ Electronics
■ EDA
○ Mechanical
■ CAD
○ Subtractive machining - CNC, EDM/Spark, regular
machines (Lathes, Drills etc)
○ Additive manufacturing - 3D printing
○ Profiling - Laser / Water jet / Wire Cut
○ Engraving

9. Making PCB’s

10. KiCad : Schematic

11. KiCad : Footprint association

12. KiCad : Board layout

13. KiCad : 3D Render

14. KiCad : Prototype

15. KiCad : Next step
● For the BOARD
● Gerbers + Drill File
○ For each layer, Copper / Mask / Legend
○ Drill file for PTH and Non-PTH holes and slots
○ Board outline / Edge cut Gerber
● OSHPark / DirtyPCB / seeed Studio / etc
● For ASSEMBLY
○ Solder Paste / Stencil / OSHStencils
○ Optional Adhesive layer
○ Position/Orientation files

16. Mech. design, Housing
● FreeCAD
○ Opensource
○ Parametric
○ Multi-platform/Architecture
○ Multi-File format (IGES , STL, STEP, DXF, SVG)
○ Python scripting support
○ Workbenches
■ Architectural, Drafting, Mesh, OpenSCAD,
Plotting, Raytracing, Ship building etc.

17. Rapid Prototyping
● 3D printing requires files in formats such as STL, OBJ,
DAE or similar formats
● STL >> Slicing >> G code >> 3D Printer
● Know the process and understand the limitations
○ negative cavities, overhangs, support, resolution,
etc

18. FreeCAD : CAD to physical

19. Laser cutting / engraving
● Profile cutting using lasers is simple
● Create SVG file, save as PDF
● Most laser cutting shops insist on .CDR format, but PDF
works fine
● Understand the process and be aware of the
limitations.
○ Thickness of material
○ Type of material
○ Cut thickness / Kerf
○ Clearance
● Provide two separate files for cutting/engraving or one
file with color separation

20. Laser cutting / engraving

21. CNC ….
● CNC requires a fair amount of process knowledge.
○ Machining is a subtractive process, as against
additive for 3D printing.
○ Start out with a solid block, and think of how
various machining operations will be carried out to
create the desired object. That will more or less be
your CAD design flow.
○ Type of tool bit - end-mill, ball nose, conical…..
○ Tool diameter, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of
cut, plunge rate……
○ Operations are usually “Pocket” and “Profile”

22. CNC ….
● For each operation, create a separate 2D file - usually
SVG, DXF or similar.
● Each operation results in a separate G-code file

23. OS Toolkit
● KiCad
● FreeCAD / OpenSCAD
● Inkscape
● LibreOffice
● HeeksCAD / HeeksCNC
● PCB2GCODE / LineGrinder / Voronoi milling
● Cura
● MakerCAM / Easel / OpenSCAM
● Github / Bitbucket

24. Thanks..
Anool Mahidharia
anool.m@gmail.com
@anool
www.wyolum.com
www.makersasylum.com