This is a collection of seven infographics that discuss various aspects of automobile emissions and how the use of electric vehicles will protect the environment for future generations. For more information, please visit the automobile emissions research and project report at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjbq86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing

1. 1940'S
1970
A B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F
AIR POLLUTION
FROM
TRANSPORTATION
IN THE U.S.
1950'S
After WWII, economic growth,
population growth, urbanization,
and the number of vehicles
increasing exponentially leads to
rapid increases in levels of air
pollution in the U.S.
Congress passes the landmark
Clean Air Act and gives the EPA
the authority to regulate
pollution levels for
transportation vehicles.
1995
Leaded gasoline is fully
prohibited from being utilized to
power automobiles.
Air pollution and cars are first
linked together by a California
researcher who determined that
pollutants from vehicular traffic
caused smog over the Los
Angeles area.
1973
The first production automotive
catalytic converter is created and
remains as one of the great
environmental inventions of all
time.
2017
The number of miles collectively
driven by passenger cars and
light-duty trucks skyrockets up
approximately 46 percent
compared to 1990.
2019
The Department of Energy has
stated that there are over 20,000
electric car charging stations and
more than 68,800 charging
connectors for all types of electric
powered vehicles.
For more information, please visit the automobile emissions
research and project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjb
q86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing

2. E M I S S I O N S S T A T I S T I C S :
AUTOMOBI LE
EMI S S I ONS AND
I TS EFFECTS
- P A R T I C U L A T E M A T T E R F L O A T I N G I N T H E A I R
C A U S E S A B O U T 3 0 , 0 0 0 D E A T H S E V E R Y Y E A R .
T H E F O U R L A R G E S T P O L L U T A N T S E M I T T E D
B Y P A S S E N G E R V E H I C L E S A R E :
CARBON
MONOXIDE
HYDRO
CARBONS
NITROGEN
OXIDES
PARTICULATE
MATTER
%
MOTOR
VEHICLES
CAUSE 75
PERCENT
OF CARBON
MONOXIDE
POLLUTION
IN THE U.S.
THE U.S. CONTAINS 30
PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S
AUTOMOBILES BUT
CONTRIBUTES TO
APPROXIMATELY 50
PERCENT OF THE WORLD'S
MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS.
APPROXIMATELY
150 MILLION
AMERICANS LIVE IN
LOCATIONS THAT
DO NOT MEET
FEDERAL AIR
QUALITY
STANDARDS.
TRANSPORTATION
MAKES UP THE
BIGGEST CHUNK OF
GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS IN THE U.S.
AT 29 PERCENT.
- H E A L T H E F F E C T S O F A I R P O L L U T A N T S F R O M V E H I C L E S
I N C L U D E R E S P I R A T O R Y I S S U E S , L U N G P R O B L E M S ,
A S T H M A , H E A R T D I S E A S E , A N D E Y E I R R I T A T I O N .
For more information, please visit the automobile emissions research and
project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjbq86RWw39Ju
pnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing

3. All-electric vehicles
do not produce any
direct emissions
which improves the
quality of air in urban
areas such as cities.
THE U.S. HAS OVER
20,000 INSTALLED
AND FUNCTIONAL
PUBLIC ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
CHARGING
STATIONS WITH
OVER 68,800 LEVEL
2 AND DC FAST
CHARGING (MORE
PRACTICAL
FOR LONG-
DISTANCE
TRAVELING) UNIT
CONNECTORS
AVAILABLE.
THE BATTERIES
PRESENT IN
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
TODAY WILL LAST
APPROXIMATELY
12 TO 15 YEARS IN
MODERATE AND
SEASONABLE
CLIMATES.
For more information, please visit the automobile emissions
research and project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjb
q86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing
HOW DO ELECTRIC
VEHICLES CURRENTLY
HELP THE ENVIROMENT?
The emissions
created by producing
electricity are
already much lower
than the pollution
emitted by
conventional gas-
powered vehicles.
AN AVERAGE EV ON
THE ROAD IN THE
U.S. HAS THE
SAME GREENHOUSE-
GAS EMISSIONS AS A
CAR GETTING 80
MILES PER GALLON
(MPG).

4. Telematics and information technologies in electric vehicles are used to
track the status of the electric vehicle’s remaining battery supply. From
this process, the vehicle system can map out an optimized trip that takes
into account which charging stations should be utilized during extended
trips to avoid running out of electricity and becoming stranded without a
charge on the road. Electric vehicles track all of the trip and vehicle
information that a driver needs since it is stored online for the vehicle
and on an automaker’s information network database at all times.
Electric Vehicles And
The Use Of Telematics
Systems And IT
In Japan, both the Toyota
Crown and Toyota Corolla Sport
will be the company's first
vehicles to be “Connected Cars”
that have an on-board Data
Communication Module which
links to a Controller Area
Network. These systems keep
the driver connected in order to
maintain their vehicles, have
operators provide assistance
when a crash is detected,
calculate insurance rates based
on driving, and keep vehicles
up to date with the most
current versions of Toyota’s
navigation system.
For more information, please visit the automobile emissions
research and project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjb
q86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing
E X A M P L E S O F I T A N D T E L E M A T I C S
S Y S T E M S I N U S E T O D A Y :
The Nissan Leaf's advanced IT system is
capable of communicating specific
information about the car to drivers
such as displaying how much power
the car is consuming based on running
systems such as air conditioning,
searching for the most energy efficient
route, finding the nearest charging
station, and giving drivers their driving
history so that they can assess the cost
effectiveness of their electricity usage.
A Leaf owner also has 24-hour control
over their vehicle through a mobile
app by being able to commence or
halt the charging of the battery, check
its charging status, and by being able
to turn on the interior climate control
and air conditioner to bring the cabin
to a certain temperature before
getting inside.

5. I N I T I A L C O S T :
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
TOTAL COST OF
OWNERSHIP
For more information, please visit the automobile emissions
research and project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjb
q86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing
The cost of a home electric vehicle
charging setup can be as costly as
approximately $3,000-$4,000 for the
typical household.
The Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
(EVSE) can cost from $200 to $1,000.
The cost of installation can cost from $800 to $1,300, depending on labor
rates, materials used (like the wiring necessary to run from the electrical
service box to the charging station location), and government permit costs and
requirements.
Electric vehicles do not incur common vehicular
maintenance costs. Electric cars give a driver an
average of a 35% decrease in maintenance fees over
the life of this electric car. These automobiles cost
approximately 3 to 4 cents per mile of maintenance
cost versus approximately 6 cents in a gas-powered
internal combustion automobile.
M A I N T E N A N C E C O S T :
The average cost to operate an internal
combustion engine car was around
$1,117 per year or $93 per month, and
the average driver who travels 15,000
miles per year pays about $540 per year,
or $45 per month, to charge their car.
A V E R A G E R U N N I N G C O S T :
P O P U L A R E L E C T R I C V E H I C L E M O D E L S
A R E O F T E N P R I C E D C L O S E T O S I M I L A R
G A S - P O W E R E D V E H I C L E S .
Nissan Leaf
Chevrolet Bolt
Tesla Model S
Tesla
Model X

6. For more information, please visit the automobile emissions
research and project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjb
q86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing
GOVERNMENT
INCENTIVES FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
THE MAIN FEDERAL
INCENTIVE PROGRAM FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLES SOLD IN
THE U.S. IS THE QUALIFIED
PLUG-IN ELECTRIC DRIVE
MOTOR VEHICLE TAX WHICH
CREDITS UP TO $7,500 ON
THE PURCHASE OF AN
ELECTRIC AUTOMOBILE.
Electric vehicle drivers in NY qualify for the Electric Vehicle
Emissions Inspection Exemption in which electric cars are
exempt from state motor vehicle emissions inspections.
Con Edison offers the Plug-In Electric
Vehicle Rate Reduction where
residential Con Edison customers pay a
reduced price for electricity used for
charging their automobiles during the
off-peak electricity periods.
The Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV)
Rebate Program provides rebates of up
to $2,000 for the purchase or lease of
a plug-in electric vehicle.
The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV)
Tax Exemption applies when ZEVs
that are sold, rented, or leased
within the state, and are exempt
from NJ sales tax.
N E W Y O R K S T A T E I N C E N T I V E S :
N E W J E R S E Y I N C E N T I V E S :
The High Occupancy Vehicle
(HOV) Lane Exemption and
Discount that allows electric
vehicles to travel in the HOV lanes
located between Interchange 11
and 14 on the New Jersey
Turnpike. There is an additional
10% discount on off-peak New
Jersey Turnpike and Garden State
Parkway tolls through the state’s
EZ-Pass.

7. THE FUTURE OF
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
FORD AND TESLA IN AMERICA
NIO IN CHINA
VAUXHALL IN EUROPE
FUTURE ELECTRIC VEHICLES SALES
PROJECTIONS
For more information, please visit the automobile emissions
research and project report at:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oef1IF943ShbtNjb
q86RWw39JupnMf7HKs3n1JZCJ2c/edit?usp=sharing
Tesla expects to deliver between
360,000 and 400,000 vehicles in 2019,
and production can increase to 500,000
in the 12 months leading up to June 30,
2020.
Ford intends to create the largest North American network of electric
vehicle chargers called the FordPass Charging Network. Ford is not
creating this network by themselves and is working with established
electric vehicle charging companies Greenlots and Electrify America. This
public network will have over 12,000 charging stations and about 35,000
total connectors.
Vauxhall has a new car model called the Corsa-e which is
expected to be launched April of 2020 with the capability
of utilizing DC 100kW charging to replenish the vehicle’s
50kW battery. This means that in thirty minutes, the car
will charge up rapidly to give the driver approximately 160
more miles of driving range. The feature is standard on the
Vauxhall Corsa-e.
China is the world’s largest market for electric vehicles, and its
share of the electric vehicle market is 57% as of 2019. China
puts out the greatest amount of greenhouse gases of any
other place in the world. Electric vehicle start-up NIO is
considered China’s Tesla. China’s government gave NIO $1.4
billion, and also incentivizes consumers to purchase these
vehicles. The company’s target market is environmentally
conscious millennials who care about extra perks of owning a
NIO vehicle such as exclusive access to NIO clubhouses.
Automakers are currently being urged to take more action to improve the fuel economy
of their vehicles because of increasingly stringent EU regulations that call for car
companies to significantly reduce CO2 emissions starting in 2020 as well as the Chinese
government now requiring car companies to make cleaner vehicles or purchase credits
for the additional CO2 emissions being released into the environment.
According to the
International Energy
Agency, about 30% of all
cars are expected to be
electric by 2030. By 2040,
electric cars could outsell
gasoline and diesel fueled
cars in the U.S.