2. Introduction:
• 150gm: each kidney
• 1700 liters of blood filtered 180 L of G. filtrate
1.5 L of urine / day.
• Kidney is a retro-peritoneal organ
• Blood supply: Renal Artery & Vein
• One half of kidney is sufficient – reserve
• kidney function: Filtration, Excretion, Secretion,
Hormone synthesis.
6. Clinical Syndromes:
• Nephritic syndrome.
– Oliguria, Haematuria, Proteinuria, Oedema.
• Nephrotic syndrome.
– Gross proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,
• Acute renal failure
– Oliguria, loss of Kidney function - within weeks
• Chronic renal failure.
– Over months and years - Uremia
7. Introduction
• Functions of the kidney:
– excretion of waste products
– regulation of water/salt
– maintenance of acid/base balance
– secretion of hormones
• Diseases of the kidney
– glomeruli
– tubules
– interstitium
– vessels
40. Acute Tubular Necrosis
• The most common cause of ARF!
• Reversible tubular injury
• Many causes: ischemic (shock), toxic (drugs)
• Most patients recover
42. Benign Nephrosclerosis
• Found in patients with benign hypertension
• Hyaline thickening of arterial walls
• Leads to mild functional impairment
• Rarely fatal
47. Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Autosomal dominant
• Huge kidneys full of cysts
• Usually no symptoms until 30 years
• Associated with brain aneurysms.
49. Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Autosomal recessive
• Numerous small cortical cysts
• Associated with liver cysts
• Patients often die in infancy
