1. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 37
Age: ____ Gender: Female □ Male □ Occupation: ____________________
Please go to next page
Appendix A
3. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 39
Below are a number of statements that describe ways in which people act and think. For each
statement, please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the statement. If you Agree
Strongly circle 1, if you Agree Somewhat circle 2, if you Disagree somewhat circle 3, and if
you Disagree Strongly circle 4. Be sure to indicate your agreement or disagreement for every
statement below. Also, there are questions on the following pages.
Agree Agree Disagree
Disagree
Strongly Some Some
Strongly
1. I have a reserved and cautious attitude toward life.
2. I have trouble controlling my impulses.
3. I generally seek new and exciting experiences and sensations.
4. I generally like to see things through to the end.
5. When I am very happy, I can’t seem to stop myself from doing
things that can have bad consequences.
6. My thinking is usually careful and purposeful.
7. I have trouble resisting my cravings (for food, cigarettes, etc.).
8. I'll try anything once.
9. I tend to give up easily.
10. When I am in great mood, I tend to get into situations that could
cause me problems.
11. I am not one of those people who blurt out things without thinking.
12. I often get involved in things I later wish I could get out of.
13. I like sports and games in which you have to choose your next move
very quickly.
14. Unfinished tasks really bother me.
15. When I am very happy, I tend to do things that may cause problems
in my life.
16. I like to stop and think things over before I do them.
17. When I feel bad, I will often do things I later regret in order to make
myself feelbetter now.
18. I would enjoy water skiing.
19. Once I get going on something I hate to stop.
20. I tend to lose control when I am in a great mood.
21. I don't like to start a project until I know exactly how to proceed.
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4. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 40
Agree Agree Disagree Disagree
Strongly Some Some Strongly
22. Sometimes when I feel bad, I can’t seem to stop what I am doing
even though it is making me feel worse.
23. I quite enjoy taking risks.
24. I concentrate easily.
25. When I am really ecstatic,I tend to get out of control.
26. I would enjoy parachute jumping.
27. I finish what I start.
28. I tend to value and follow a rational, "sensible" approach to things.
29. When I am upset I often act without thinking.
30. Others would say I make bad choices when I am extremely happy
about something.
31. I welcome new and exciting experiences and sensations, even if they
are a little frightening and unconventional.
32. I am able to pace myself so as to get things done on time.
33. I usually make up my mind through carefulreasoning.
34. When I feel rejected, I will often say things that I later regret.
35. Others are shocked or worried about the things I do when I am
feeling very excited.
36. I would like to learn to fly an airplane.
37. I am a person who always gets the job done.
38. I am a cautious person.
39. It is hard for me to resist acting on my feelings.
40. When I get really happy about something, I tend to do things
that can have bad consequences.
41. I sometimes like doing things that are a bit frightening.
42. I almost always finish projects that I start.
43. Before I get into a new situation I like to find out what to expect
from it.
44. I often make matters worse because I act without thinking when I
am upset.
45. When overjoyed, I feel like I can’t stop myself from going
overboard.
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5. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 41
Agree Agree Disagree Disagree
Strongly Some Some Strongly
46. I would enjoy the sensation of skiing very fast down a high
mountain slope.
47. Sometimes there are so many little things to be done that I just
ignore them all.
48. I usually think carefully before doing anything.
49. Before making up my mind, I consider all the advantages and
disadvantages.
50. When I am really excited, I tend not to think of the consequences of
my actions.
51. In the heat of an argument, I will often say things that I later regret.
52. I would like to go scuba diving.
53. I tend to act without thinking when I am really excited.
54. I always keep my feelings under control.
55. When I am really happy, I often find myself in situations that I
normally wouldn’t be comfortable with.
56. I would enjoy fast driving.
57. When I am very happy, I feel like it is ok to give in to cravings or
overindulge.
58. Sometimes I do impulsive things that I later regret.
59. I am surprised at the things I do while in a great mood.
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6. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 42
Listed below are 20 reasons people might be inclined to drink alcoholic beverages. Using the five-
point scale below, decide how frequently your own drinking is motivated by each of the reasons listed.
YOU DRINK… Almost
Never/Never
Some of
the time
Half of
the time
Most of
the time
Almost
Always/Always
1. To forget your worries. 1 2 3 4 5
2. Because your friends pressure
you to drink.
1 2 3 4 5
3. Because it helps you enjoy a
party.
1 2 3 4 5
4. Because it helps you when you
feel depressed or nervous.
1 2 3 4 5
5. To be sociable. 1 2 3 4 5
6. To cheer up when you are in a
bad mood.
1 2 3 4 5
7. Because you like the feeling. 1 2 3 4 5
8. So that others won’t kid you
about not drinking
1 2 3 4 5
9. Because it’s exciting. 1 2 3 4 5
10. To get high. 1 2 3 4 5
11. Because it makes social
gatherings more fun.
1 2 3 4 5
12. To fit in with a group you like. 1 2 3 4 5
13. Because it gives you a pleasant
feeling.
1 2 3 4 5
14. Because it improves parties and
celebrations.
1 2 3 4 5
15. Because you feel more self-
confident and sure of yourself.
1 2 3 4 5
16. To celebrate a special occasion
with friends.
1 2 3 4 5
17. To forget about your problems. 1 2 3 4 5
18. Because it’s fun. 1 2 3 4 5
19. To be liked. 1 2 3 4 5
20. So you won’t feelleft out. 1 2 3 4 5
8. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 44
Appendix C
Information / FAQ Sheet
Investigation into why people decide to drink alcohol.
What is the purpose of this research?
Alcohol is widely consumed especially in the UK. Alcohol-related problems affect the individual and the
people around them as it has significant psychological, social and physical health consequences. Alcohol
misuse is currently known to be a mediator of 60 different types of diseases and is the cause of 2.5 million
deaths per year (WHO, 2013). Therefore it is important to investigate why people drink as much as they do.
I am investigating why people drink alcohol and if an individual’s personality influences this, in an attempt
to improve interventions and reduce alcohol use. All the data collected from you will be anonymous and
confidential. I hope to share the data collected with other professionals and perhaps publish the research in a
psychology journal. Nobody will be able to identify that any of the information is about you.
Why have you been approached?
You have been approach as I am using a communal sample of people; therefore I am approaching people
when the opportunity arises. Taking part in this research is completely voluntary and you have the right to
refuse to participate if you would rather not take part. You will not be approached about participating again.
What does taking part involve?
If you decide you would like to take part you will simply have to fill out 3 questionnaires which should take
you approximately 20 minutes of your time. Questionnaires will be available to fill out at the time you are
approached, or you can be emailed the questionnaires to fill out in your own time, and then send themback
to me when they have all been completed.
What are the benefits?
There are no immediate benefits to you but the data fromthe questionnaires may help expand our knowledge
of alcohol use and improve interventions to reduce alcohol-related problems.
What are the costs to you?
Taking part in the study will not impose any costs on you apart from20 minutes of your time.
What if you change your mind?
You have the right to withdraw at any time and you may withdraw your data 14 days after taking part in the
study. It is completely voluntary and your own decision. You will not receive any different treatment
whether you agree to participate or not.
Who should you contact for more information?
Please contact Alyssa Nicholas
Email: alyssa.nicholas@mail.bcu.ac.uk
What you should do if you would like to take part.
Please read this information and the consent formcarefully and sign and date it.
Thank you very much for taking the time to read this information.
9. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 45
Appendix D
Consent Form
Please read below and tick the necessary boxes if you wish to participate in the study.
□ I confirm that I have read and understood the participant information sheet for this study
□ I understand my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time
□ I agree to take part in the above study
____________________________________________________________________
Name of Participant Date Signature
____________________________________________________________________
Principal Researcher Date Signature
10. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 46
Appendix E
Debriefing Sheet
Thank you for taking part in this research, your involvement and the information
will be kept anonymous and confidential.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether highly impulsive individuals
are more likely to report enhancement and social motives for drinking, and report higher
levels of alcohol use than individuals who are less impulsive and drink to cope. The
present study attempts to contribute to existing literature that is lacking research into
impulsivity, drinking motives and alcohol use using a communal sample in an attempt to
reduce alcohol-related problems and improve current interventions for both young and
older adults.
If you have been affected by any of the information provided or have any questions
please do not hesitate to contact me via my email alyssa.nicholas@mal.bcu.ac.uk
For more information on alcohol awareness or for help, please check out the
websites provided below:
World Health Organisation
http://www.who.int/topics/alcohol_drinking/en/
Drink Aware
https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/
NHS alcohol support
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/alcohol/Pages/Alcoholsupport.aspx
Alcoholics Anonymous
http://www.alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk/
11. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 47
Appendix F
Cronbach’s Alpha Outputs for:
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.873 12
UPPS-P impulsive scale Negative Urgency Lack of Premeditation
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.867 12
Lack of Perseverance Sensation Seeking Positive Urgency
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.863 5
DMQ Social Motives Coping Motives
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.834 5
Enhancement Motives Conformity Motives Alcohol Consumption
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.952 57
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.880 11
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.839 10
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.945 14
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.920 20
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.842 5
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.898 5
Reliability Statistics
Cronba
ch's Alpha
N
of Items
.795 15
12. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 48
Appendix G
Graph 1 Boxplot
showing outliers for
alcohol consumption
before adjustments
Graph 2 Boxplot
showing alcohol
consumption after
adjustments
Alcohol Consumption
13. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 49
Appendix H
Graph 1 Histogram
displaying normal
distribution for drinking
motives
Graph 2 Histogram
displaying normal
distribution for impulsivity
Graph 3 Histogram
displaying normal
distribution for alcohol
consumption
14. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 50
Appendix I
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Alcohol
consumption
.159 72 .000 .869 72 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Impulsivity .053 72 .200*
.988 72 .703
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Drinking
motives
.076 72 .200*
.968 72 .061
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Appendix J
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa
DependentVariable: MeanTDHDWknd
F df1 df2 Sig.
4.970 40 31 .000
Tests the null hypothesis thatthe error variance of
the dependentvariable is equal across groups.
a. Design:Intercept+ MeanDMQ
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa
DependentVariable: MeanTDHDWknd
F df1 df2 Sig.
1.677 49 22 .094
Tests the null hypothesis thatthe error variance of
the dependentvariable is equal across groups.
a. Design:Intercept+ MeanUPPS
15. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 51
Appendix K
Table 1 Descriptive statistics for alcohol consumption, social, coping,
enhancement and conformity drinking motives and impulsivity for males and females and
in total.
Gender Alcohol
consumption
Social drinking
motive
Coping
drinking
motive
Enhancement
drinking motive
Conformity
drinking motive
Impulsivity
Male
Mean 2.7930 3.0769 2.1385 2.6077 1.4769 2.2868
N 26 26 26 26 26 26
Std.
Deviation
2.59128 1.09702 1.07595 1.21653 .54575 .60841
Female
Mean 2.5941 2.8391 2.2217 2.4565 1.4565 2.1739
N 46 46 46 46 46 46
Std.
Deviation
2.26149 1.03933 1.00773 1.07799 .79517 .40048
Total
Mean 2.6660 2.9250 2.1917 2.5111 1.4639 2.2147
N 72 72 72 72 72 72
Std.
Deviation
2.36962 1.05907 1.02610 1.12382 .71114 .48474
16. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 52
Appendix L
Coefficientsa
ModelUnstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
tSig.95.0%Confidence
IntervalforB
Correlations
BStd.ErrorBetaLower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Zero-orderPartialPart
1
(Constant)-.0621.141-.054.957-2.3392.215
MeanUPPS-.052.588-.011-.089.929-1.2271.122.274-.011-.009
MeanDMQSoc-.248.358-.111-.694.490-.962.466.389-.085-.069
MeanDMQCop.695.313.3012.221.030.0701.320.485.264.221
MeanDMQEhn.992.331.4702.997.004.3311.653.539.346.298
MeanDMQCon-.303.352-.091-.861.392-1.005.399.068-.105-.086
a.DependentVariable:MeanAlcoholCon
Table1MultipleRegressionsOutputfromSPSS
17. Role of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol use 53
Appendix M
Table 2 The unstandardized and standardized regression coefficients for the
variables entered into the model.
Variable B SE B β
Impulsivity -.05 .59 -.01
Social motive -.25 .36 -.11
Coping motive .70 .31 .30*
Enhancement
motive
.99 .33 .47**
Conformity motive -.30 .35 -.09
*p=.03. **p=.004
